Objective:To compare the anesthetic depth and postoperative recovery of propofol combined with remifentanil or fentanyl when administered through target-controlled infusion(TCI).Methods: Ninety patients receiving elective epigastric surgery were randomly divided into 3 groups: PF-A,PF-B and PR group.Through TCI,patients in PF-A group were administered with propofol(3 ?g /ml) and fentanyl(2 ?g/L),in PF-B group with propofol(3 ?g/ml) and fentanyl(4 ?g/L initially and 2 ?g/L after intubation),and in PR group with propofol(3 ?g/ml) and remifentanil(6 ?g/L).Vital signs(including mean aortic pressure and heart rate) and bispectral index values were recorded pre-anesthesia,pre-and post-intubation,post-incision and during operation in 3 groups.Results: In PF-A group,post-intubation MAP and HR were significantly higher than those of pre-intubation(P

0.05). The maj or toxicity included Neutropenia, nausea and vomiting. The severity of these sid e effects was mild to moderate and well tolerated. No severe toxicity was observ ed. Conclusions:Gemcitabine plus etoposide (GV) and Gencitabine plus cisplatin were both active regimen for advanced NSCLC, with high efficecy but talerated toxicity.

Postgraduate education is the highest leveled education in the national education hierarchy and bears the historic task of providing top-notch innovative personnel for the country and conducting independent innovation. At present,the medical degree is divided into two types: clinical scientific degree and clinical professional degree. Clinical scientific degree is different from clinical professional degree due to its importance and peculiarities. Therefore,education for postgraduates with clinical scientific degree faces many problems in enrollment,research and clinical capacity develop-ment and evaluation system. Through reforming enrollment plan,strengthening capacity building and establishing sound clinical education evaluation system can further improve training quality for post-graduates with clinical scientific degree.

BACKGROUND:High-density lipoprotein is related to lipid metabolism, but its function cannot be restricted to the scope of lipid metabolism. Simultaneously, exercise regulation has effects on the activity and amount of high-density lipoprotein, but the optimal movement pattern needs to be studied. OBJECTIVE:To offer the theoretical support for formulating fitness training and prospect the possible direction and reference in fol ow-up studying the biological function and exercise regulation of high-density lipoprotein. METHODS:PubMed database was searched for relevant articles published from 1990 to 2015 using the keywords of“HDL and exercise, HDL and biological function”in English. Final y, 44 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The biological functions of high-density lipoprotein mainly include high-density lipoprotein-mediated metabolism of glucose, protein and fat, anti-inflammation, antioxidation and insulin secretion, and at the same time, we summarize the effects of exercise on the concentration, numbers of molecular and components of high-density lipoprotein. The results indicate that the combination of resistance and endurance training is the best way for raising the concentration and functional effects of high-density lipoprotein.

10 points or if the progressing osteoarthritis was proved by the T nnis grade.And the remaining patients would join in the satisfied group.The differences of preoperative clinical and radiographic factors between unsatisfied group and satisfied group were identified.[Result]Ten hips in the unsatisfied group had significantly more WOMAC pain score(t=3.969,P

Objective To observe the effects of all-tram retinoic acid(ATRA)on intercellular communication function and connexin 43 expression in acute leukemia bone marrow stromal cells(ALBMSCs).Methods ALBMSCs were cultured in vitro,and the ATRA(1?10~(-5)mol/L)was added after serial subcultivation.The expression level of Cx43 was detected by immunochemistry and flow cytometry, and the gap junction intercellular communication(GJIC)was examined by using cell scarification with dye transfer(CSDT)technique.Re- sults Before and after addition of ATRA,the positive rates of Cx43 expression as detected by immunochemistry in ALBMSCs were(47.2?2.04)% and(54.5?5.86)%,respectively.The positive rates of Cx43 expression in ALBMSCs as detected by flow cytometry before and after the addition of ATRA were(38.75?23.95)% and(49.5?5.46)%,respectively.The expression of Cx43 in ALBMSCs after adding ATRA was significantly higher than that before the addition of ATRA(P

Objective To provide a scientific basis for prevention of Keshan disease by observing the changes of electrocardiogram in residents from Keshan disease area and urban residents in Ju County.Method In 2013,four countries (towns) of Sangyuan,Anzhuang,Qishan and Longshan were selected as the investigation sites across the Keshan disease areas in Ju County of Shandong Province,one village was selected in each country (town),no less than 200 people were chosen from each village.There were 36 residential communities in urban area in Ju County,one residential community was selected from 4 positions (east,west,south and north) in urban area,no less than 200 non-endemic urban residents were chosen from each residential community as control,the electrocardiogram examination was conducted.According to the Keshan Disease Diagnostic Standard (WS/T 210-2011),Keshan disease was diagnosed.Results Among the 964 inhabitants investigated in Keshan disease area,143 cases showed abnormal electrocardiogram and the detection rate was 14.83％;in the 926 cases of urban electrocardiogram,78 cases showed abnormal electrocardiogram,abnormal rate was 8.42％,the difference was statistically significant (x2 =18.80,P ＜ 0.01).There were 93 cases who met the 8 Keshan disease diagnostic criteria of abnormal electrocardiogram changes in the Keshan disease areas,abnormal rate was 9.65％;while there were 37 cases in urban residents,abnormal rate was 4.00％,the difference was statistically significant (x2 =23.55,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion These residents who have lived in Keshan disease endemic areas have a higher rate of abnormal electrocardiogram in Ju County of Shandong Province,they are still threatened by the causative factors of Keshan disease,and the authority should strengthen the prevention measures of Keshan disease.

Objective To investigate whether the hyperintensity on T2?weighted MRI affects the outcome of cervical ar?throplasty (CA) for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Methods 69 patients with CSM who had undergone CA between June 2005 and December 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. They were divided into three groups according to the intensity of T2?weighted images:Group A, whose intensity of T2?weighted images in spinal cord compression spot was equisignal;Group B, hyper?intensity with obscure border; Group C, hyperintensity with clear border. There were 22 males and 19 females in group A aged from 27 to 63 years old, whose duration of disease was between 3 to 72 months, and there were 34 single?segment cases, 5 double?segment and 2 triple?segment cases. There were 9 males and 9 females in group B aged from 30 to 61 years old whose duration of disease was between 3 to 24 months, and there were 12 single?segment and 6 double?segment cases. There were 4 males and 6 fe?males in group C aged from 28 to 56 years old whose duration of disease was between 1 to 24 months, and there were 8 single?seg?ment and 2 double?segment cases. Two types of artificial cervical disc were used:Bryan Disc in 42 cases and Prodisc?C in 44 cas?es. The duration of Group A (24.7 ± 27.9 months) was significantly longer than that in Group B (6.6 ± 7.4 months) and Group C (11.1±9.5 months). The follow?up period was from 48 to 86 months with an average time of 61 months. The preoperative X?ray and MR as well as postoperative X?ray were collected. The history, compress ratio of MRI, the ROM of cervical segments pre and post?operatively were recorded and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) was used to evaluate the neurological function. Results Preoperative compress ratio of MRI were 43.3%± 15.2%, 42.4%± 10.7%and 41.9%± 14.8%respectively;preoperative segmental ROM were 9.6°±2.5°, 9.0°±1.7° and 9.1°±1.9° respectively. Preoperative JOA score were 13.6±1.2, 13.1±1.3 and 12.9±1.8, re?spectively. Postoperative JOA score at the latest follow?up were 16.2±1.0, 15.8±1.2 and 15.7±1.6 respectively. There was no statis?tic difference among these groups. Preoperative increased signal intensify on T2?weighted MRI in patients with cervical spondylot?ic myelopathy may not affect the outcome of cervical arthroplasty.

Objective: To define the occurrence rate, time course, and potential mechanism of hyponatremia in patients after Frankel Class-A acute cervical spinal cord injury. Methods: Analysis of data obtained from a retrospective review of blood and urine records of 35 hospitalized cases from 1992 to 1998. Results: Patients were admitted after (2.8±1.8) days postinjury and had been hospitalized for (52±13) days. Hyponatremia, the occurrence rate of which was 100%, developed at a mean time of (4.5±1.2) days postinjury, reached its nadir at the end of (14±3) days and recovered to normal at (39±10) days. Fifteen (42.88%) cases did not recover from hyponatremia in the hospitalized period. Patients were suffering from hypercapnia, hypernitremia, polyuria, and hyper-natriuresis besides kalemia. Conclusion: Severe and obstinate hyponatremia is a very common complication of cervical spinal cord injury. The mechanism may be related to the Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the maturity and function of dendritic cells (DC) and hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA (HBV cccDNA) load in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)/monocyte-derived DC in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods The peripheral blood samples were collected from 29 patients with CHB and 10healthy controls. PBMC were isolated freshly and induced with granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). A large amount of DC were harvested after seven days of culture. The expressions of CD209, CD80, CD86, human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and CD1a of DC were analyzed by flow cytometry. The HBV cccDNA load in PBMC and DC were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The interleukin-12 (IL-12) level in the culture supernatant of DC was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effects on T lymphocyte proliferation induced by DC were tested by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The data was compared by t test and analysis of variance. Results HBV cccDNA could be detected in PBMC from 16 patients, but not in DC from all 29 patients. HBV cccDNA load was all negatively correlated with the expressions of CD209 (r= -0. 793, P＜0.01), CD80 (r= -0. 581,P＜0.05), CD86 (r=-0. 698, P＜0.01), HLA-DR (r=-0. 817, P＜0.01), CD1a (r=-0. 734, P＜0.01), IL-12 level (r=-0. 632, P＜0.05) and allogenic T lymphocyte proliferation induced by DC (r=-0. 617, P＜0.05). The expressions of CD209, CD80, CD86, CD1a and HLA-DR on DC,IL-12 level in culture supernatant of DC and the allogenic T lymphocyte proliferation induced by DC in patients with positive PBMC HBV cccDNA were all significantly lower compared to those in healthy controls, and the changes of the parameters mentioned above were greater in PBMC HBV cccDNA positive patients than those in PBMC HBV cccDNA negative patients (P ＜ 0. 05 or P ＜ 0. 01).Conclusions The function and maturity of DC are impaired in CHB patients. HBV cccDNA can be detected in PBMC from CHB patients. Moreover, the higher PBMC HBV cccDNA is, the worse DC function and maturity are, which could be one of the important mechanisms of HBV persistent infection.