BACKGROUND:High-density lipoprotein is related to lipid metabolism, but its function cannot be restricted to the scope of lipid metabolism. Simultaneously, exercise regulation has effects on the activity and amount of high-density lipoprotein, but the optimal movement pattern needs to be studied. OBJECTIVE:To offer the theoretical support for formulating fitness training and prospect the possible direction and reference in fol ow-up studying the biological function and exercise regulation of high-density lipoprotein. METHODS:PubMed database was searched for relevant articles published from 1990 to 2015 using the keywords of“HDL and exercise, HDL and biological function”in English. Final y, 44 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The biological functions of high-density lipoprotein mainly include high-density lipoprotein-mediated metabolism of glucose, protein and fat, anti-inflammation, antioxidation and insulin secretion, and at the same time, we summarize the effects of exercise on the concentration, numbers of molecular and components of high-density lipoprotein. The results indicate that the combination of resistance and endurance training is the best way for raising the concentration and functional effects of high-density lipoprotein.

Objective To investigate the traumatic characters, the causative factors and the outcomes of surgical treatments of cervical spinal cord injuries without radiographic abnormality(SCIWORA).Methods From March 2000 to July 2004, 81 patients of cervical SCIWORA undergone surgery were evaluated retrospectively. There were 55 males and 26 females, with a mean age of 57.3 years. According to the mechanisms of injuries and pathological changes of the cervical spine, the causative factors were divided into 3 groups: hyper-flexion type of injury (1 or 2 segments) with protrusion or prolapse of the cervical intervertebral discs (19 cases), hyper-extension type injury with multiple (≥3 segments) cervical spinal stenosis (41cases), and whiplash injury with multiple cervical spinal stenosis and segmental intervertebral instability or anterior protrusion of the cervical intervertebral discs (21 cases). A variety of surgeries as anterior discectomy with interbody fusion, multiple posterior decompressions with cervical laminoplasty, and multiple posterior decompressions with internal fixation at the facet joints were performed based the classification. Results The average follow-up period was 78.5 month (54-118 months). During the follow-up of 1 month, 3 months,1 year and last visit post-operatively, the rate of JOA improvement were 25.1%, 41.3%, 63.6% and 60.9%respectively. In the long-term follow-up, the good ratio of neurological function was obtained with 80.2%.Conclusion SCIWORA is considered as a course of acute, dynamic and limited injury. In spite of common clinical manifestation, its traumatic characters and causative factors are different indeed. The distinct improvement of neurological function can also be achieved with proper classification and surgery.

PURPOSE: Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) develops in patients with chronic renal failure. This study aimed to compare analgesic efficacy in SHPT patients who undergo subtotal parathyroidectomy after superficial versus deep cervical plexus block. METHODS: Sixty chronic renal failure patients with SPHT scheduled for subtotal parathyroidectomy were randomized to receive general anesthesia (group GA), general anesthesia plus bilateral superficial and deep cervical plexus block (group BD), or general anesthesia plus bilateral superficial cervical plexus block (group BS) (n = 20). Bilateral superficial cervical plexus block or combined superficial and deep cervical plexus block with 0.5% ropivacaine was administered. Postoperative pain was assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS: VAS score at 1 hour, 4 hours, and 8 hours after operation was 3.71 +/- 0.60, 2.72 +/- 0.54, 2.17 +/- 0.75 in BS group; 4.00 +/- 0.28, 2.89 +/- 0.21, and 2.46 +/- 1.01 in BD group, significantly lower than in GA group (6.50 +/- 0.50, 5.02 +/- 0.54, and 4.86 +/- 0.51, respectively). The dosage of tramadol was 109.0 +/- 35.2 mg in BS group and 93.0 +/- 24.52 mg in BD group, significantly lower than in GA group (300.0 +/- 27.13 mg). The incidence of complications in GA group (90%) was significantly higher than in BS group (30%) and BD group (15%). Serum glucose and norepinephrine levels were significantly higher at 1 hour, 4 hours, and 8 hours after operation, but returned to baseline levels at 24 hours after operation. CONCLUSION: Superficial cervical plexus block or combined superficial and deep cervical plexus block effectively reduces postoperative pain, stress response, and complications in SHPT patients who undergo subtotal parathyroidectomy.
Anesthesia, General ; Blood Glucose ; Cervical Plexus* ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary* ; Incidence ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Norepinephrine ; Pain, Postoperative ; Parathyroidectomy ; Tramadol

Objective To establish a simple and practical regression equation for estimating maximal oxygen uptake(VO2max),so as to provide a base and reference for epidemiological studies.Methods Totally 128 freshmen(88 males and 40 females) were randomly recruited majoring in social sports and physical education to conduct the correlation analysis between VO2max and the weight,body surface area,body mass index(BMI) and vital capacity.Then 34 freshmen(17 males and 17 females) were chosen from them randomly to compare whether there was a significant difference between the two VO2max relative values measured by Astrand estimation and direct measurement respectively.Based on the results,the multiple linear regression analysis was conducted:independent variables entered theregression equation in turn according to the Forward method and the significance test of the regression equation,the regression coefficients and the fitting degree was conducted.We got the regression equation finally according to the Durbin-Watson and VIF values.Another 17 male freshmen were recruited to verify the efficient of the regression equation.Results Significant differences were observed in the relative VO2max value of females,being 45.14 ± 8.08 ml/kg/min and 32.63 ± 5.87 ml/kg/min by Astrand and direct measuring respectively,but not in that of the male,being 47.24 ± 6.46 ml/kg/min and 51.62 ± 6.91 ml/kg/min accordingly.There was very significant correlation between VO2max and weight,body surface area,BMI and vital capacity of the male freshmen(P＜0.01),but not of the female freshmen (P＞0.05).The regression equation of estimating the relative VO2max of the boy freshmen was y=34.812+0.015×vital capacity(ml)-40.403×body surface area(m2).No significant differences were found between the value calculated using this equation and that measured directly (P＞0.05).Conclusions The regression equation found in this study is simple,practical and efficient,and it can be used to estimate the relative VO2max of male freshmen majoring in physical education and social sports in epidemiologic study,so as to evaluate their cardiopulmonary fitness.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) in prophylaxis neutropenia after chemotherapy in patients with lymphoma. Methods: This was a multicenter, single arm, open, phase Ⅳ clinical trial. Included 410 patients with lymphoma received multiple cycles of chemotherapy and PEG-rhG-CSF was administrated as prophylactic. The primary endpoint was the incidence of Ⅲ/Ⅳ grade neutropenia and febrile neutropenia (FN) after each chemotherapy cycle. Meanwhile the rate of antibiotics application during the whole period of chemotherapy was observed. Results: ①Among the 410 patients, 8 cases (1.95%) were contrary to the selected criteria, 35 cases (8.54%) lost, 19 cases (4.63%) experienced adverse events, 12 cases (2.93%) were eligible for the termination criteria, 15 cases (3.66%) develpoed disease progression or recurrence, thus the rest 321 cases (78.29%) were into the Per Protocol Set. ②During the first to fourth treatment cycles, the incidences of grade Ⅳ neutropenia after prophylactic use of PEG-rhG-CSF were 19.14% (49/256) , 12.5% (32/256) , 12.18% (24/197) , 13.61% (20/147) , respectively. The incidences of FN were 3.52% (9/256) , 0.39% (1/256) , 2.54% (5/197) , 2.04% (3/147) , respectively. After secondary prophylactic use of PEG-rhG-CSF, the incidences of Ⅳ grade neutropenia decreased from 61.54% (40/65) in the screening cycle to 16.92% (11/65) , 18.46% (12/65) and 20.75% (11/53) in 1-3 cycles, respectively. The incidences of FN decreased from 16.92% (11/65) in the screening cycle to 1.54% (1/65) , 4.62% (3/65) , 3.77% (2/53) in 1-3 cycles, respectively. ③The proportion of patients who received antibiotic therapy during the whole period of chemotherapy was 34.39% (141/410) . ④The incidence of adverse events associated with PEG-rhG-CSF was 4.63% (19/410) . The most common adverse events were bone pain[3.90% (16/410) ], fatigue (0.49%) and fever (0.24%) . Conclusion During the chemotherapy in patients with lymphoma, the prophylactic use of PEG-rhG-CSF could effectively reduce the incidences of grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ neutropenia and FN, which ensures that patients with lymphoma receive standard-dose chemotherapy to improve its cure rate.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.