Epigenetics refers to non-coding sequence changes such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromosome remodeling and non-coding RNA regulation.Histone modifications include acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination and ADP ribosylation.The combinations of different histone modifications, known as "histone code", are dynamic during development and differentiation and play important roles in the regulation of gene expressions in spatial-temporal manners.The modification on a particular residue in a histone affects not only the modifications at different residues in its own protein but also other histones.The histone modifications is a complicated network and the regulation remains elusive.

BACKGROUND:High-density lipoprotein is related to lipid metabolism, but its function cannot be restricted to the scope of lipid metabolism. Simultaneously, exercise regulation has effects on the activity and amount of high-density lipoprotein, but the optimal movement pattern needs to be studied. OBJECTIVE:To offer the theoretical support for formulating fitness training and prospect the possible direction and reference in fol ow-up studying the biological function and exercise regulation of high-density lipoprotein. METHODS:PubMed database was searched for relevant articles published from 1990 to 2015 using the keywords of“HDL and exercise, HDL and biological function”in English. Final y, 44 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The biological functions of high-density lipoprotein mainly include high-density lipoprotein-mediated metabolism of glucose, protein and fat, anti-inflammation, antioxidation and insulin secretion, and at the same time, we summarize the effects of exercise on the concentration, numbers of molecular and components of high-density lipoprotein. The results indicate that the combination of resistance and endurance training is the best way for raising the concentration and functional effects of high-density lipoprotein.

10 points or if the progressing osteoarthritis was proved by the T nnis grade.And the remaining patients would join in the satisfied group.The differences of preoperative clinical and radiographic factors between unsatisfied group and satisfied group were identified.[Result]Ten hips in the unsatisfied group had significantly more WOMAC pain score(t=3.969,P

Objective Harvest of autogenous bone from iliac crest has long been held as the gold standard for anterior lumbar arthrodesis. This technique is accompanied by an added morbidity to the pelvis. The present study was to validate the experimental result showing that harvesting bone tissue from an adjacent vertebral body for bone graft followed by replacing the defect by ?-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) plug could be a feasible procedure in lumbar interbody fusion procedure. Methods 20 patients underwent single- or multiple-level circumferential lumbar fusion with anterior cages and posterior pedicle screws in one institution. All cages were filled with cancellous bone harvested from the adjacent vertebral body, with the resulted vertebral body defect filled with a TCP plug. Results Bone grafts were successfully harvested from 28 vertebral bodies in all the patients. There was no major vascular injury, and blood loss of the anterior procedure averaged 250ml (50-350ml). One TCP plug was broken during its insertion, and one endplate was broken, both due to wrong surgical technique. These incidences did not affect the final outcome. At the last follow-up (mean 28 months), a solid lumbar spine fusion was demonstrated in all the patients. At 2-year follow up, ODI and VAS were remarkably improved (P

Objective To investigate surgical strategy and outcome for cervical metastasis in different anatomical segments.Methods Data of 31 patients,who had undergone surgical treatment for cervical metastasis from 2001 to 2009,were retrospectively analyzed.Two anatomical regions were defined:upper cervical spine (C1 and C2)and subaxial cervical spine plus cervicothoracic junction (C3-T1).VAS score,Frankel grade,Tomita score and Karnofsky performance scale were used to evaluate pain,neurological status,expected survival time and general health.The improvement of symptoms,survival time and characteristics of surgical strategies for different anatomical regions were analyzed.Results Twenty-four patients were followed up successfully.An effective recovery in neck pain and quality of life was found after operation.The median survival time was 45.0 months.In upper cervical spine group,the surgical strategies included posterior occipitocervical fixation combined with 125I seed brachytherapy and other surgical methods,and the median survival time 48.0 months) of patients who underwent 125I seed brachytherapy was longer than that 22.0 of patients treated with other surgical methods.In C3-T1 metastasis group,patients who underwent combined anterior-posterior approach total spondylectomy had a longer survival time than those treated with anterior corpectomy.Conclusion Surgical treatment can effectively relief neck pain,maintain or improve neurological function and improve quality of life.Doctors should choose different surgical strategies according to anatomical region of cervical metastasis.For upper cervical spine,the main purpose of surgery is to stabilize the cervical spine; the posterior occipitocervical fixation is usually chosen,and the 125I seed brachytherapy is useful in local control of metastasis.For subaxial cervical spine and cervicothoracic junction,the anterior corpectomy is usually chosen,and a combined anterior-posterior approach total spondylectomy can be used for patients with corresponding conditions.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of stellate ganglion block(SGB) on the stress ulcer in burn patients and explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods:40 patients with burn injury induced stress ulcer were randomized to two groups:SGB group (n=20) and Control group (n=20).SGB group was treated with conventional symptomatic therapy,SGB group underwent SGB every two days for 1 week on the basis of Control group.And the levels of plasma ET-1 and NO were detected using ELISA before and after therapy.And the clinical efficacy of the two groups was observed after the treatment.Results:Compared with the Control group,the levels of plasma ET-1 and NO were markedly lower in the SGB group (P＜0.05),while the clinical efficacy was higher(P＜0.05).Conclusion:SGB could enhance the clinical efficacy stress ulcer in bum patients,which might be related to the decrease of plasma ET-1 and NO levels.

Objective To observe the perioperative complications for metastatic cervical tumor,and explore their possible risk factors.Methods From January 2012 to January 2016,57 patients undergoing surgery for cervical spine metastasis were retrospectively analyzed,who were followed-up for at least 12 months or until death.Data collected included pain (a 10-point visual analogue scale,VAS),Karnofsky performance status score,neurologic status according to Frankel scale,perioperative complications,postoperative mortality and so on.Results The VAS score decreased significantly postoperation (P＜0.001).The Frankel grade was significantly improved (P=0.025).The Karnofsky score was also significantly improved (P＜0.001).The rate of local recurrence was 12.3％.Perioperative mortality rate (30 days after surgery) was 3.5％.Perioperative complication incidence was 24.6％.Univariate analysis found that comorbidity,preoperative Karnofsky score ＜60,multisegmental resection,and intraoperative blood loss ＞300ml were significant risk factors for the complication.Multivariable analysis showed that iIntraoperative blood loss ＞300ml and preoperative Karnofsky score ＜60 were the independent predictors for the complication.Conclusions Surgical management for cervical spinal metastasis is effective in terms of neurological recovery,pain control,and performance status recovery.However,the surgery had a high risk of complications that special attention should be paid to.Furthermore,complications might be related to preoperative Karnofsky score and intraoperative blood loss.

Objective To explore the imaging appearances of adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in spine and improve the awareness of this disease.Methods Imaging appearances of 29 patients with adult LCH in spine confirmed by clinic and pathology were analyzed retrospectively and the lesions number,location,the type of bone destruction,paravertebral and intraspinal and MRI signal and enhancement characters were evaluated.Results The total sum of spine lesions was 48 including 26 cervical lesions,17 thoracic lesions and 5 lumbar-sacrum lesions among 29 cases,and 11 cases involved multiple segments.Bone destruction was located in vertebral body in 15 cases accounting for 51.72％ (15/29),and 14 cases involved posterior arch accounting for 48.28％ (14/29).Sclerosis rim was found in 10 cases (10/29,34.48％) and bone sclerosis was found in 4 cases (4/29,13.79％).75.86％ (22/29) LCH extended to paravertebral space and the incidence of compressed fracture was 48.28％ (14/29),4.13％ (7/29) appeared as vertebra plana.On T2-weighted image,LCH showed iso-or-hypointensity (11/19,57.89％),hyperintensity (6/19,31.58％),heterogenous signal (2/19,10.53％).On MR enhanced scan,94.12％ (16/17) cases was significant enhanced,5.88％ (1/17) was moderate enhanced.Conclusion Cervical was commonly found in adult LCH,and bone destruction was mainly in vertebrae.It may involve one or multiple spine segments and bone destruction may be continuous or skip distribution.Vertebra plana was not rare.Bone sclerosis around bone destruction may be helpful for diagnosing LCH.

Commonly, the interbacterial transfer of circular plasmids is initiated by nicking at an internal sequence, oriT, followed by transferring one strand as single-stranded DNA through a type Ⅳ secretion channel on cell membrane. In contrast, Streptomyces conjugative linear plasmids, containing a free 3'-end but a protein-capped 5'-end, can potentially undergo cell-to-cell transfer by transfer of non-nicked DNA. It was reported that circular derivatives of the Streptomyces lividans linear plasmid SLP2, as well as the parental linear plasmid itself can transfer efficiently. And the genetic requirements for such transfer was described. Efficient transfer of plasmid requires six co-transcribed SLP2 genes, encoding a Tra-like DNA translocase, cell wall hydrolase, two cell membrane proteins that interact with an ATP binding protein, and a protein of unknown function. Reduced transfer efficiency of plasmid from SalⅠ R-/M-to Sal Ⅰ R/M hosts argues that transfer of both the circular and linear forms of the plasmid involves double-stranded DNA. These results suggest that conjugal transfer occurs by a similar mechanism for SLP2-derived linear and circular plasmids, and cellular membrane/wall functions in the transfer process.

[Objective]This study was aimed to evaluate treatment outcomes and toxicity of continuous-infusion EPOCH regimen for NK/T-cell lymphoma(NK/TCL).[Methods]From June 2003 to June 2008,34 patients including 30 nasal NK/TCL (88.2%)and 4 nasal type NK/TCL(11.8%)received doxorubicin,vincfistine,etoposide over 96 hours infusion with bolus eyelophosphamide and oral predinisone(EPOCH)chemotherapy as first-line treatment.Median cycles of EPOCH administered were 2.5(1-6 cycles).Additional involved field radiation therapy(IFRT)was administered to patients with localized nasal focus after chemotherapy.[Results]Among 34 patients,33 were eligible for response evaluation.The response rate(RR)was 60.6% (20/33)with complete remission(CR)rate of 45.5%(15/33).The RR of patients with nasal NK/TCL was 66.7%(20/30)with CR rate of 50%(15/30).Only one of the 3 nasal type NK/TCL patients achieved stable disease(SD),the other 2 had progressive disease(PD)during chemotherapy.After a median follow-up of 22(2-68)months,the estimated 3-year overall survival rate(OS)was 52.2%.For patients with nasal NK/TCL,the estimated median survival time was not reached,the 3-year OS was 59.4%.For patients with nasal type NK/TCL,the estimated median survival time was only 7 months.The CR rate was 75.0% for localized nasal NK/TCL who received initial EPOCH chemotherapy followed IFRT with the 3-year OS of 75.0%.Major adverse effect was myelosuppression.The incidence of grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ neutropenia was 30.9%.No treatment-related mortality occurred.[Conclusions]EPOCH regiment was effective and well tolerant for nasal NK/TCL.Combined EPOCH chemotherapy followed by IFRT produced promising outcome for patients with localized disease.However,patients with nasal type NK/TCL responded poorly and more efficacious treatment strategies are urgently needed.