A new method for analysis of cobalt phthalocyamine sulfonates(CoSPC) by thin layer chromatography/flame ionization detector (TCL/FID) was investigated. Different compounds in CoSPC can be separated by TLC, and structure can be further identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight-muss spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Experimental results indicated that commercial CoSPC has three compounds, cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPC) mono-sulfonates with two isomers, CoPC di-sulfonates with five isomers and CoPC- tri-suflonates, TCL/FID could be used to determine the amount of different compounds. This method is featured by its ease operation, quick response, good separation and satisfactory results.

Psoriasis vulgaris is notoriously difficult to treat and prone to recurrence. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， however， has shown considerable efficacy in mitigating or suppressing such recurrence. The underlying reason lies in the TCM concept of "latent pathogens"， which are prone to be reactivated by external pathogenic factors， thereby triggering relapse. At the early stage of recurrence， manifestations of "latent fire" often appear externally. If treatment is not thorough， the condition may shift into a state of "stalemate between healthy Qi and pathogenic factors"， in which the disease appears on the skin but is rooted in deeper pathological layers， remaining unresolved and accumulating internally. Over time， blood stasis arises from fire， and the fire further congeals due to stasis， leading ultimately to recurrent flare-ups. This aligns with the modern immunological concept of "immunological memory" mediated by tissue-resident memory T cells （T_RM） in the skin， which corroborates the TCM view of "latent fire inducing blood stasis". The interaction between T_RM and keratinocytes （KC） parallels the entanglement of latent fire and latent stasis， both of which are deeply entrenched and difficult to resolve. The core pathogenesis of recurrent psoriasis vulgaris lies in "latent fire causing blood stasis". The hallmark is the deep concealment and persistence of latent fire and stasis， which linger and await an opportunity to reemerge. Based on this understanding， Xijiao Dihuangtang is employed to cool the blood， resolve stasis， and eliminate latent pathogens， and treatment is tailored according to the disease stage through three-phase syndrome differentiation. In the progressive stage， both exterior and interior are treated， with emphasis on clearing latent fire. In the stationary stage， the focus shifts to dispelling latent stasis and simultaneously regulating the Zang-fu organs. In the regressive stage， efforts are made to prevent the retention of latent pathogens and to strengthen healthy Qi. Accordingly， drugs effective in dispersing wind and clearing heat， pungent-moistening and dredging the collaterals， and tonifying deficiency and moistening dryness are often employed to achieve optimal outcomes. The precise mechanisms by which Xijiao Dihuangtang treats recurrent psoriasis vulgaris remain to be fully elucidated. Current research suggests it may intervene in the recurrence process through inhibiting KC proliferation via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and glycolysis， regulating the Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cell balances to restore immune homeostasis， suppressing inflammatory cytokine production to alleviate the inflammatory response， modulating angiogenesis-related factors， such as vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGF-A） and matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）， to control disease progression， and restructuring the gut microbiota to modulate systemic immunity and thereby influence the course of disease recurrence.

Objective To investigate the efficiency of Trichostatin A (TSA) in inducing cell apoptosis and altering the Notch pathway genes expression in PANC-1 cells line.Methods The survival rate and apoptosis of PANC-1 cells were measured by MTT assay and Hoechst 33258 staining,respectively.mRNA expression levels of the genes,numb,gcn512,dll3,hes6,eaf2,cytohesins,in PANC-1 cells were assessed by real-time quantitive PCR.Western blot was used to measure the expression of bcl-2,bax,actived caspase-3 and NICD protein which was the biologically active form of Notch-1.Results After culturing with 0.1,0.2,and 0.4 μmol/L TSA for 24 hours,the cellular survival rate of PANC-1 cells significantly decreased to 72％,58％ and 39％,respectively.The survival rate of PANC-1 was negatively correlated to time length of culture with TSA.Increased apoptosis of PANC-1 cells after 12,24 and 36 h culture with TSA was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining.Western blotting showed that the expression of bax,actived caspase-3 and NICD protein increased while the bcl-2 protein decreased after culture with TSA.In real time quantitive PCR assessment,the mRNA expression of numb and hes6 in PANC-1 cells were upregulated by TSA (P ＜ 0.05),while the mRNA expression of gcn512 and dll3 were down-regulated by TSA (P ＜ 0.05).While mRNA expressions of eaf2 and cytohesin1,2,3,4 were not affected by TSA.Conclusions TSA induces apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1.The Notch signal pathway may be involved in inducing cellular apoptosis of PANC-1 when cultured with TSA.

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the safety of Tianzhi granules used in the treatment of mild-to-moderate vascular dementia. MethodA randomized， double-blind， double-simulated， positive drug/placebo parallel controlled multi-center phase Ⅳ clinical trial and an open multi-center phase Ⅳ clinical trial of Tianzhi granules in the treatment of mild-to-moderate vascular dementia were conducted. Safety data of 1 492 patients were included and analyzed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main evaluation measures were the incidence rate of adverse events/adverse reactions， laboratory indicators， vital signs， and electrocardiogram （ECG） results. ResultA total of six adverse events possibly related to the test drug occurred in 520 patients of the double-blind trial， and the symptoms were all mild and recovered. The incidence of adverse events was not statistically different among Tianzhi granules， donepezil， and placebo groups. Nine adverse events possibly related to the test drug were observed in 972 patients of the open trial， and the symptoms were mild and recovered. Laboratory tests （blood routine， urine routine， liver function， kidney function， and coagulation） and vital signs were compared before treatment （baseline） and after treatment of 12 and 24 weeks， respectively. There was no statistical significance in the main indicators before and after treatment. In the double-blinded trial， there was no significant difference in safety indicators between different groups before and after treatment. The most frequent adverse reaction was gastrointestinal discomfort， with an incidence rate of 6.64‰. ConclusionAdverse reactions occasionally occur in patients using Tianzhi granules， and it is safe to use Tianzhi granules to treat mild-to-moderate vascular dementia clinically.

Objective To observe the protective effect of Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu Capsule(Zhilong Capsule)on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury(MIRI)in mice,and explore its regulatory mechanism using metabolomics.Methods Using a random number table method,30 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the following three groups:sham operation group,model group,and Zhilong Capsule group(6.24 g/kg),with 10 mice in each group.In mice in the model group and the Zhilong Capsule group,a mouse MIRI model was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch,while mice in the sham operation group underwent threading without ligation.The Zhilong Capsule group began modeling one week after pre-administration and continued to receive intragastric administration for two weeks after modeling once daily.The cardiac function,including the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and left ventricular fraction shortening(LVFS),was assessed by color echocardiography.The myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis were observed by Masson staining and TUNEL staining,respectively.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the serum contents of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP).Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with multivariate statistical method was performed for serum metabolite detection and identification analysis.Results Compared with the model group,the mice in the Zhilong Capsule group exhibited an increase in LVEF and LVFS,a reduction in cardiac tissue structure disorder,a decrease in myocardial fibrosis,a decrease in cell apoptosis rate,and a decrease in serum LDH and BNP contents(P<0.05).Metabolomics result showed that intervention with Zhilong Capsule significantly regulated 30 differential metabolites related to MIRI.Important metabolic pathways involved 20 pathways related to tyrosine metabolism,arginine and proline metabolism,and vitamin digestion and absorption.Conclusion Zhilong Capsule has a protective effect on MIRI,and it may achieve this effect by regulating pathways related to tyrosine metabolism,arginine and proline metabolism,and vitamin digestion and absorption.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of Astragaloside IV (AS-IV)in rats with myocardial infarction.METHODS The myocardial infarction model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. The rats were randomly divided into sham, DMSO, model group, AS-IV and CID755673 groups. The rats were sacrificed 4 weeks later, and segmental heart samples were used for hematoxylin and eosin staining and masson staining. The expression of PKD1, HDAC5 and VEGF were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription poly-merase chain reaction and western blot. RESULTS Compared with the sham operation and DMSO groups,morphology of myocardium in model group was disordered,accompanied with necrotic myocar-dial cells and obvious collagen tissues. After treatment with AS-IV, the morphology of myocardium was obviously improved, and the number of new blood vessels increased significantly. However, after treatment with CID755673, the myocardial tissue of rats became disordered again, the necrotic cells increased, and some vessels closed. The expression levels of PKD1, HDAC5 and VEGF mRNA and protein in myocardial tissue of model group were significantly lower than the other four groups(P<0.05), whereas these levels in the AS-IV group were significantly higher than those in the other four groups (P<0.01). Additionally, the CID755673 group had significantly higher levels of PKD1, HDAC5 and VEGF mRNA and protein than the sham group, DMSO group and model group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION AS-IV may partly promote the angiogenesis of myocardial tissue in rats with myocardial infarction via the PKD1-HDAC5-VEGF pathway.

Objective:To explore the effect of the wearing time of cervical collar on the rehabilitation of patients with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) .Methods:The data of 97 patients with cervical spondylosis who were admitted to the Neurosurgery Spine Group of Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University and underwent 1-2 segment ACDF from January 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the wearing time of cervical collar after operation, the patients were divided into 1-4 weeks group (39 cases) , 5-8 weeks group (22 cases) , and 9-12 weeks group (36 cases) .The scores of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Score (JOA) , Axial Symptom Score (AS) , and Neck Disability Index (NDI) were compared among the three groups before operation and 3 months after operation.Results:The postoperative JOA scores of the three groups were improved compared with those before the operation, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) ; however, there was no significant difference among the three groups before operation and 3 months after operation ( P> 0.05) . Compared with preoperative, the postoperative AS scores in 1-4 weeks group and 5-8 weeks group has no significant difference ( P> 0.05) , but the AS score of the 9-12 weeks group decreased compared with that before operation, and the difference was statistically significant ( P< 0.05) . After operation, the difference of AS scores among three groups was statistically significant ( P< 0.05) . The postoperative NDI scores of the three groups were improved compared with those before operation, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The improved effect of NDI in the 5-8 weeks group was better than that in the 1-4 weeks group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The incidence of axial symptoms in patients with 1-2 segment ACDF increases with the wearing time of cervical collar. The cervical collar wearing time for 5 to 8 weeks has the best effect, the patients have the lowest disability index, and did not significantly increase the patients ' axial symptoms.

ObjectiveTo improve the current standard of Belladonnae Herba in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. MethodTaking hyoscyamine sulfate， atropine sulfate and scopoletin as reference substances， and ethyl acetate-methanol-concentrated ammonia（17∶4∶2）as developing solvent， thin layer chromatography （TLC） was applied in the qualitative identification of Belladonnae Herba. The moisture， total ash and ethanol-soluble extract of Belladonnae Herba were determined based on the general principles in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （volume Ⅳ）. The contents of hyoscyamine sulfate and scopolamine hydrobromide were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） with mobile phase of acetonitrile-54 mmol·L^-1 phosphate buffer solution （14∶86）， flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-1 and detection wavelength at 210 nm. ResultThe spots in the TLC were clear with good separation and specificity. Hyoscyamine sulfate and scopolamine hydrobromide showed a good linearity with peak area in the range of 0.024 7-0.789 6 g·L^-1 （r=0.999 9） and 0.003 9-0.124 0 g·L^-1 （r=0.999 9）， the average recoveries of these two ingredients were 100.29% （RSD 1.6%） and 99.04% （RSD 1.4%）， respectively. The limits for moisture， total ash in Belladonnae Herba should be less than 13.0% and the limit for the ethanol-soluble extract should be more than 10.0%. Due to the low content and wide variation of scopolamine hydrobromide， the content of hyoscyamine sulfate should not be less than 0.098%. ConclusionThe established method is simple， specific and reproducible， which can be used to improve the quality control standard of Belladonnae Herba.

As a typical representative of heat-clearing and detoxifying prescriptions， Huanglian Jiedutang （HJT） has various pharmacological activities and is widely used in clinical practice. The articles concerning the effect and clinical application of HJT published in recent years were retrieved from such databases as China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and PubMed to figure out HJT efficacy， especially in anti-inflammation， the corresponding action pathways， and its clinical application. It was found that the anti-inflammatory effect mainly resulted from HJT regulation of multiple pathways including interleukin-17 （IL-17） signaling pathway， tumor necrosis factor （TNF） signaling pathway， Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） signaling pathway， and neutrophil chemotaxis. The inflammatory cytokines in the serum were reduced via these pathways and thus the inflammation was inhibited. Because of its unique anti-inflammatory advantage， HJT has been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases， digestive system diseases， skin inflammation， sepsis， and other infectious diseases. In view of this， the paper reviewed the anti-inflammatory effect and clinical application of HJT， aiming to provide a reference for further research.

Opsin3 (OPN3) is a photoreceptor membrane protein with a typical seven-alpha helical transmembrane structure that belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily and is widely expressed in brain. In recent years, it has been reported that OPN3 is also highly expressed in adipose tissue, and the protein is associated with the production of skin melanin. We found that the N82 site is the glycosylation site of OPN3. SNAP-tag^TM has diverse functions and can be applied to a variety of different studies. By constructing a SNAP-tagged OPN3 recombinant protein, the distribution position of SNAP-OPN3 in cells can be clearly observed by fluorescence confocal microscopy using SNAP-Surface^® 549 and SNAP-Cell^® OregonGreen^®, which provides a new method for studying the function of OPN3. It also shows that SNAP-tag does not affect the function of OPN3. Using the SNAP tag we found that OPN3 cannot be taken up to the cell membrane after glycosylation site mutation.
Cell Membrane ; Glycosylation ; Melanins ; Membrane Proteins ; Skin