Objective To explore the influence of different anesthetics on emergence agitation (EA) after general anesthesia. Methods 134 EA patients after general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups. Group A (n=42), Group B (n=45) and Group C (n=47) was given intravenously parecoxib 40 mg, butorphanol 20μg/kg and tramadol 1 mg/kg, respectively. The improvement of agitation, VAS score and Ramsay score were compared and analyzed among the groups. Results After treatment, the degree of EA in Group A, Group B was significantly lower than that in Group C ( <0.05) . VAS score in all the cases was reduced, and Ramsay score was increased compared with that before treatment ( <0.05) . VAS score in Group C was significantly higher than that in Group A, Group B (<0.05) . Ramsay score in Group B was significantly higher than that in Group A, Group C (<0.05) . After treatment, awaking time and postanesthesia care unit (PACU) stay in Group B was significantly higher than that in Group A, Group C (<0.05) .Conclusions Parecoxib is safe and effective for EA after general anesthesia, it can effectively improve the degree of EA, increase postoperative sedative effect, and shorten PACU stay.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus ozone injection in treating neuralgia due to acute herpes zoster.Method Sixty patients with neuralgia due to acute herpes zoster were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by intravenous injection of Acyclovir, muscular injection of Mecobalamin, and external application of Acyclovir cream. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture plus zone injection in addition to the treatment given to the control group. The time taken for the blisters to cease, crust, and decrust was observed, as well as the change of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the clinical efficacies were compared between the two groups. Result There were significant inter-group differences in comparing the time for the blisters to cease, crust and decrust (P<0.01, P<0.05). The VAS scores were significantly changed after treatment in both groups (P<0.01). After treatment, the VAS score in the treatment group was significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate was 96.7% in the treatment group versus 83.3% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture plus zone injection is an effective method in treating neuralgia due to acute herpes zoster.

Objective: To explore the relationships among learning style, academic self-concept and academic achievement. Methods: In this research we employed scale of learning style and scale of academic self-concept to survey 609 middle-school students and primary students, and explored the relationships among learning style, academic self-concept and academic achievement. Results: ①Academic self-concept has correlation with academic achievement between 0.079 and 0.321; ②Different learning style students have differences in academic achievement; ③Different learning style students have significant differences in mathematical self-concept and academic self-concept total; ④Learning style and academic self-concept have significant predictive effect on academic achievement in total, mathematical achievement and Chinese achievement. Conclusion: Learning style and academic self-concept have effect on academic achievement and have significant predictive effect.

Objective: To examine the parents’rearing and educating patterns and their relationship to the characteris- tics of self- concept of adolescents. Methods: A sample of 313 adolescents was tested by the Self- concept Scale and the revised EMBU. Results: Physical self and character self of boys are higher than those of girls. Family self of adolescents whose father has high education level is higher than that of adolescents whose father has low education level(P

The most severe adverse effect of lead is neurotoxicity. The brain in development is extremely sensitive to lead. The present paper reviewed the research advances in cell mechanisms of lead neurotoxicity achieved in recent years , namely the competition effect with calcium ion, the impact on neurotransmitter, the lipid peroxidation damage on hippocampus neuron.

Objective:To examine the relationship of parental rearing,self-concept and personality traits of spring bud classes.Methods:A sample of 113 students,including spring buds' 30,non-spring buds' 30,and middle schools' 43,was tested by NEO-PI-R,CAPI,EMBU and Self-concept scale.Results:①Punishment of father,rejection and denial of mother and parental partiality of control group was higher than those of spring bud classes.②Family self-concept of spring bud classes was higher than that of non-spring bud classes.③Neuroticism of control group was higher than that of spring bud classes,but extraversion,human relationship orientation and flexibility of spring bud classes were higher than those of control group.④Partiality of father had positive correlation to extraversion and face of spring bud class students.Personality,moral and family self-concept had positive correlation to harmonious of spring bud class students.Conclusion:Personality and family self-concept of spring bud class students is greatly affected by parental rearing.

Objective:To examine the difference of undergraduates' gender belief in sex and gender role stereotype.Methods:A sample of 552 undergraduates was tested by BSRI and gender belief stereotype scale.Results:①Traditional gender belief of academic,occupation and family has difference on sex and gender role stereotype.②Men college students have higher traditional gender belief of academic,occupation and family than women college students.③College students of masculinity and undifferentiation have higher traditional gender belief of academic and occupation than college students of androgynous and femininity.College students of masculinity have higher traditional gender belief of family than college students of femininity,androgynous and undifferentiation.Conclusion:College students of men and masculinity have higher gender belief of academic,occupation and family.

Objective To investigate the clinical applicative of short 5 Fr pancreatic duct (PD) stents in difficult biliary cannulation of ERCP. Methods 131 patients who underwent difficult biliary cannulation during routine ERCP were randomized to receive prophylactic short 5 Fr PD stents (stent group, 66 patients) and not (control group, 65 patients) from January 2012 to October 2015. The success rate of biliary cannulation for the first ERCP, scores of abdominal pain, the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) and hyperamylasemia and severe post-ERCP pancreatitis were analyzed. Results The success rate of biliary cannulation for the first ERCP was significantly higher with the stent group than the control group. The scores of abdominal pain of the stent group was significantly lower than the control group. The postoperative serum amylase value at 3 h and 24 h were obviously lower in PD stents group than those in control group. The incidence of hyperamylasemia, post-ERCP pancreatitis, severe post-ERCP pancreatitis were also significantly lower with PD stents group than the control group. 3 cm long 5 Fr PD stents has high success rate of placement, high spontaneous migration rate, low complications, decreases the need for endoscopic removal. Conclusion In difficult biliary cannulation during ERCP, placement of short 5 Fr PD stent is safe and effective, enhance the success rate of biliary cannulation, relieve the abdominal pain, reduces the rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis efficiently.

Buprenorphine,one kind of new drugs,is abused in recent years.In this review,some determination and extraction methods for buprenorphine are introduced.The relative merits of liquid-liquid extraction,solid phase extraction,hydrolysis and derivatization methods are compared.The analytical methods such as TLC,GC,GC/MS and LC,LC/MS are discussed.

Objective To investigate the effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on gaseous transmitter molecule of the hippocampus in rats with global cerebral ischemic-reperfusion(I-R) injury.Methods Twenty-four Wistar male rates were randomly divided into 4 groups of sham operation (group S),I-R control(group I-R),I-R plus sodium nitroproside(SNP) 2 mg/kg(LSNP) or plus SNP 4 mg/kg(group HSNP) with 6 rats each.Global cerebral I-R model was established by 4-vessel occlusion.SNP was injected at 30 min before clamping the bilateral carotid arteries in groups of LSNP and HSNP.The carotid arteries were clasped for 20 min.The rats were killed after cerebral reperfusion for 6 h.The concentrations of hydrogen sulfide(H_2S),NO and CO,the activity of cystathionine beta synthase(CBS),HO and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),as well as the expression levels of CBS mRNA,iNOS mRNA and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA in the hippocampus were measured.Results Compared to group S,the concentrations of H_2S,NO and CO,the activities of CBS,HO and iNOS and the expressions of CBS mRNA,iNOS mRNA and HO-1 mRNA in group I-R were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01) ,which were all higher in groups of LSNP and HSNP than those in group I-R(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Exogenous NO can induce the expressions of CBS mRNA and HO-1 mRNA,activate CBS and HO in rats with global cerebral I-R injury,indicating that NO has a modulation effect on the CBS/ H_2S and iNOS/NO systemes.