Objective To assess the safety and effectiveness of robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical cystcctomy and urinary diversion in the treatment of bladder cancer.Methods We collected the clinical data of one patient with bladder cancer who underwent RCRA with ileal neobladder from the Second Artillery General Hospital in Beijing on March,2010.Literature on this topic was analyzed.Results ( 1 ) Tbc operation duration of this procedure was 540 mins.The intra-operative blood loss was 200 ml,and no blood transfusion was needed.Postoperative pathologic examination indicated low-grade infiltrative urothelial carcinoma.The patient exhausted on the 3th post-operative day,had off-bed activities on the 4th post-operative day,and was discharged on the 28th post-operative day.(2) There were more than 400 patients underwent RARC worldwide.The RARC group had marginally lower complications rate (31％ vs.28％ ) and numbers of lymph node dissection ( 18.2 vs.13.0) than the LCR group.There were significant differences in the duration of operation (285.7 mins vs.372.0 mins),intraoperatie blood loss ( 286 ml vs.556.0 ml) and mean days of hospitalization ( 8.6 d vs.13.0 d) between the RARCA and the LCR groups.Conclusion RARC is a novel and effective procedure for the treatment of bladder cancer.As there is only a relatively small sample around the world and little experience on this procedure can be referred,more clinical practice with RARC and high quality research with long-term follow-up are needed to update the database and evaluate its effectiveness and safety.

To establish an orthotopic transplant mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) labeled with secretary luciferase and to study its response to anti-tumor treatment with interferon-beta gene therapy. We labeled the murine hepatoma Hepal-6 cells with secretary Gaussia princeps luciferase (Gluc), and then injected Gluc labeled Hepal-6 cells intrasplenically in C57BL/6 mice. We monitored blood Glue to evaluate the tumor development and anti-tumor effects of hydrodynamic injection with interferon-beta expressing plasmid. We successfully established the orthotopic mouse model of HCC by intrasplenic injection of Glue labeled Hepal-6 cells. The Glue blood assay could reflect the amount of cancer cells in vivo, tumor progression, as well as anti-tumor effect of interferon-beta gene therapy. In conclusion, Gluc labeled orthotopic transplant mouse model of HCC can ex vivo real-time monitor the tumor development and tumor response to treatments.
Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Genes, Reporter ; Genetic Therapy ; Interferon-beta ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; Luciferases ; blood ; genetics ; secretion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To explore the prognostic value of PD-L1 expression level in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).Methods:The clinicopathological and survival data of patients with mRCC in our hospital from Jan 2014 to Apr 2016 were retrospectively analyzed including 46 males and 15 females. The median age of these patients was 56 years(range: 29-75 years), with 41 patients ≤60 years and 20 patients >60 years. The baseline data before the systemic therapy showed 36 patients(59.0%)had 1 metastatic organ and 25 patients (41.0%) had equal or more than 2 organs to be metastasized. Among them, 17 patients(27.9%)had lung metastasis and 54 patients(88.5%)had liver metastasis. Abnormal baseline LDH occurred in 4 patients and 52 patients had normal LDH. Favorite and intermediate risk patients categorized by MSKCC risk stratification accounted for 59.6%(34 patients)and 40.4%(23 patients), respectively. Six patients(9.8%)experienced distant metastasis at initial diagnosis, with 4 of them undergoing primary site resection, and the other 55 patients undergoing radical nephrectomy. PD-L1 expression was detected by the immunohistochemical staining method. PD-L1 staining rate ≥1% detected on the tumor cell membrane was defined as positive expression. The correlation between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics were compared. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to compare the differences about DFS and OS under different factors. Cox proportional hazards regression model is used for multivariable analysis of survival data.Results:The detailed pathological types of the 61 patients with renal cell carcinoma were classified as 53 clear cell carcinomas, 3 papillary carcinomas, 1 collecting duct carcinoma, 2 translocation renal cell carcinomas and 2 being unclassified. There were 4, 20, 19 and 9 patients categorized as WHO/ISUP nuclear grade 1, 2, 3 and 4, and 26, 12, 20 and 2 patients were categorized as T 1, T 2, T 3 and T 4 stage, respectively. Five patients had regional lymph node metastasis(N+), and the other 56 patients had no regional lymph node metastasis(N-). The numbers of patients categorized as stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ diseases according to TNM staging system were 20, 11, 21 and 8, respectively. The total PD-L1 positive rate was 24.6%(15/61). The corresponding PD-L1 expression rate of patients with WHO/ISUP nuclear grade 1-4 were 0(0 patient), 5.0%(1 patient), 31.6%(6 patients)and 44.4%(4 patients), respectively; With the increasing WHO/ISUP nuclear grade, the positive rate of PD-L1 gradually escalated with a linear correlation ( P=0.006). The PD-L1 expression of the normal and abnormal LDH group were 19.2%(10 patients)and 75.0%(3 patients), respectively, with significant difference( P=0.035). Univariate analysis of disease-free survival time(DFS)showed that the prognostic factors include PD-L1( P=0.045), age group( P=0.014), WHO/ISUP nuclear grade( P<0.001), T stage( P=0.015), N stage( P=0.026)and TNM stage( P=0.005). However multivariate analysis only suggested WHO/ISUP nuclear grade as the independent prognostic factors for DFS( HR=1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.9, P=0.018). Either in univariate or multivariate analysis, PD-L1 was not a prognostic factor for overall survival (OS)of mRCC patients(univariate analysis: P=0.154; multivariate analysis: P=0.902). The independent prognostic factors of OS include WHO/ISUP nuclear grade( HR=3.0, 95% CI 1.1-8.0, P=0.033)and MSKCC risk stratification( HR=5.9, 95% CI 1.2-29.7, P=0.03). Conclusions:This study showed that the higher the WHO/ISUP nuclear grade of patients with mRCC, the higher the positive rate of PD-L1. PD-L1 expression was not the independent prognostic factor for DFS or OS of mRCC.

[Abstract] Objective: To explore the expression patterns of melanoma lineage antigens and nuclear antigen Ki-67 and their correlations with survival in melanoma patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted to analyze the pathological data of melanoma patients treated at the Department of Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital from February 2008 to August 2020, mainly including the expression patterns of melanoma lineage antigens (S-100, HMB-45, Melan-A) and Ki-67, demographics, clinical features and survival. The correlation between expression patterns of melanoma lineage antigens, Ki-67 and melanoma-specific survival (MSS) was analyzed. Results: In total, 603 patients were included in this study. The median follow-up time was 47.4 months. The positive rates of S-100, HMB, and Melan-A were 92.8%, 92.1% and 90.0%, respectively. The percentages of patients with melanoma lineage antigen scores (S-100, HMB-45 and Melan-A was scored each, as 1 when positive and 0 when negative) of 0, 1, 2, and 3 were 0.5%, 5.0%, 15.6%, and 78.8%, respectively. The percentages of patients with Ki-67 scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3 were 43.0%, 36.3%, 16.3%, and 4.5%, respectively. Ki-67 was highly expressed in mucosal and progressive melanomas. In a multivariate analysis, Ki-67 expression was an independent prognostic factor for poorer MSS (HR=1.506, 95%CI: 1.248-1.818, P<0.001) as the incidence of MSS event increased by 50% per 25% increase in Ki-67 expression, whereas there was no statistical correlation between melanoma lineage antigen expression and MSS (HR=0.991, 95%CI: 0.759-1.293, P=0.94). Conclusion: High expressions melanoma lineage antigens are ubiquitous in melanoma tissues, and Ki-67 is an independent prognostic factor for MSS.