Objective To introduce a method of distal digital replantation with a venous drainage through medullary cavity.Methods Normal saline mixed with methylene b lue were perfused into digital arteries in 5fresh finger specimens and medullary cavities in 10fresh finger specimens.Then microanatomic al observation of vessels was performe d in the specimens.From April 1999to June 2000,15severed fingers in14cases were replanted with a venous drainage through medullary cavity.Medullary cavities of the distal and middle phalanx were drilled and made unobstructed after the distal joint of the finger was removed.The bones were fixed using only a single straig ht Kirschner wire in each finger.One or two digital arteries or the branch es of the terminal arteries were anasto mosed and two digital nerves sutured in each finger.Results Mi-croanatomical observation showed t hat a venous drainage through medullary cavity was dominating without su-perficial venous drainage and the di gital medullary cavity closely connected with the profunda digital vein s and the superficial digital veins by the venous system of the bone.All replan ted fingers survived in 14cases.The average postoperative follow-up wa s 7.8months,ranging from 6to 10mont hs.Nearly normal appearance and satisfactory sensation of the dista l phalanx were obtained with 2-PD of 5-9mm.Conclusion Distal digital replantation with a venous d rainage through medullary cavity is a new method.It has following advan-tages:simple and reliable operatio n,high survival rate and enlarged in dication of distal digital replanta tion.[

Objective To investigate the expression of survivin in T lymphocytes that were stimulated by Con A and alloantigens in renal grafts in vitro and in vivo. Methods According to the different treatments, the experiment was divided into three parts. (1) The C57BL/6 mice splenocytes stimulated by Con A (10 mg/L) were cultured in the RPMI-1640 medium. Following the proliferation blockade or not, the expression of Survivin in the splenocytes was detected. (2) The GVHR model was established by transfusing the C57BL/6 mice splenocytes into Balb/c× C57BL/6 F1 mice, and the expression of Survivin in the donor splenocytes was detected at the different time points. (3) Seventythree cases of clinical renal allograft biopsy specimens were collected, pathologically diagnosed and classified according to the Banff 97 classification, and then the expression of Survivin was detected.Results Survivin was expressed in the CD3+ splenocytes that received Con A stimulation. The positive cell count reached the peak on the day 3, and subsequently declined. In the GVHR model, the lymphocytes infiltration and Survivin expression were detected around the portal vein and portal area on the post-splenocytes-transfused day (PSTD) 4 to 12. But on the PSTD 14, the Survivin expression could not be detected in the infiltrated lymphocytes. In the renal allograft biopsy specimens,lymphocytes did not express Survivin in 13 specimens of the group without acute cellular rejection.was difference between the two groups (P＜0. 01 ). Conclusion The activated T cells possess the capacity to express Survivin, and the expression is time-dependent. For the characteristics of Survivin expression of T cells, it may be applied as an approach to diagnose the acute cellular rejection and judge its degree and stage in the clinical allograft biopsy specimens.

Objective To report our self-designed guide module for placement of posterior column lag screws in anterior-posterior column acetabular plate using CT reconstruction data.Methods The CT scan data of 50 normal adult pelves were collected from February 2012 to April 2013,involving 30 males and 20 females with an average age of 46.4 years(range,from 25 to 69 years).The data were imported into Mimics 10.01 software for reconstruction of semi-pelvic models.Virtual cylindrical implants were placed intraosseously in both the left and the right posterior columns.The perpendicular distance (OP) from the insertion point O of the virtual cylindrical implant to the arcuate margin (P) and the distance (PI) from the point P to the point I,the crosspoint of the extension line of the ischial ramus and the arcuate margin were measured respectively.The angle (∠φ) between the direction of screws and the plane of guide module and the angle (∠θ) between the direction of screws and the long axis of guide module were also measured respectively.Results The average length of PI was 0.98 ± 0.13 cm,with 1.08 ± 0.22 cm in females and 0.95 ± 0.27 cm in males.The difference between genders was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The average length of OP was 1.09 ± 0.26 cm,with 1.06 ± 0.29 cm in females and 1.12 ± 0.24 cm in males.The gender difference was not statistically significant either (P ＞ 0.05).The mean value of ∠ φ was 55.43° ± 3.64°,with 55.33° ± 4.00° in females and 55.50° ±3.43° in males.The difference between genders was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The ∠θ value in females was 39.21 ° ± 2.45° and 35.58° ± 2.31 ° in males.The gender difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions In design of the guide module,the nail holes should be located about 1 cm away from both the posterior edge and the medial edge,the angle between the screw direction and the module plane should be approximately 39° in females and 35° in males,and the angle between the screw direction and the long axis of the module approximately 55°.

In order to investigate the effect of ligustrazine (Lig) i.p. on peritoneal permeability in peritoneal dialysis and its side effects, creatinine was given intravenously and continuously to maintain the high plasma creatinine level. All the rabbits were divided into three groups: normal control group (group A), group B treated with 0.12% Lig and group C treated with 0.24% Lig. The peritoneal dialysis of all rabbits lasted 2 h. The plasma and dialysate levels of glucose, protein and creatinine were observed immediate, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 120 min after dialysis. Creastinine dialysate/plasma ratio (D/P), protein D/P ratio, glucose D/Do at different time points after dialysis and creatinine mass transfer area coefficient (MTAC) at 120 min were calculated. The structures of peritoneum were observed under optical microscope and electron microscope after continuously intraperitoneal injection of Lig for 14 days. The results showed that the 90-min and 120-min creatinine D/P ratios in the group C were higher than in the group A. The 120-min creatinine MATC in the group C was higher than in the group A. The rabbits treated with Lig did not show significant structure changes of peritoneum and signs of peritoneal irritation. It was suggested that Lig could increase mass transfer ability of peritoneum without significant side effects.
Biological Transport ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Creatinine/blood ; Dialysis Solutions/chemistry ; Peritoneal Dialysis/*methods ; Peritoneum/*metabolism ; Pyrazines/*pharmacokinetics ; Pyrazines/pharmacology

Objective To observe the effect of inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) on prevention of bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS). Methods Ten sheep were divided into 2 even groups, BCIS and LVCF intervention ones. First IVCF was implanted into the inferior vena cava through cervical vena-right atrium pathway under fluoroscopic monitoring to observe the influence of IVCF on BCIS. Then BCIS was es-tablished in the same sheep by compressing 10 mL of bone cement into a sheep medullary canal after mutilation of the left femur. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure (CVP) and blood gas were monitored, while an ultrasonic device was utilized to monitor fat embolisms in the right atriums of the sheep. Oil red staining was performed to detect fat embolisms in pulmonary arteries after the sheep were executed. Results In BCIS group, dotted uneven resonances were found in the right atrium and right ventricle when the medullary canal pressure was increased to 120 mm Hg, indicating embolisms in the right chambers. The dotted resonances were increased to ponderous, snowflake-like ones as the medullary canal pressure climbed up. At the same time, blood pressure and Pa02 dropped significantly, the systolic blood pressure dropped to (80±11) mm Hg and PaO<.2> to the minimum 25 minutes after cone cement implantation. The heart rate and CVP increased continuously. The blood gas assay indicated respiratory and metabolic acidosis. The oil red staining showed bulk fat embolus in pulmonary arteries. But in IVCF group, the similar resonances were not observed throughout the surgery and the medullary canal pressure climbed to 400 mm Hg, reaching the maximum of our pressure gage range. The blood pressure, PaO2, heart rate and CVP did not change much compared to those before implantation. The blood gas and pulmonary oil red staining showed few changes either. Conclusion IVCF implantation can prevent the genesis of BCIS.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the left ventricular (LV) longitudinal systolic and diastolic function in patients treated by epirubicin by velocity vector imaging (VVI) and to discuss the important clinical value of VVI in quantitatively evaluating the regional longitudinal function. METHODS: Thirty patients with breast cancer treated with epirubicin chemotherapy and 30 normal controls were included in the study. Dynamic images of apical long axis, four-chamber and two chamber view were obtained in all subjects, and the longitudinal systolic and diatolic parameters were measured in all subjects, including systolic maximum velocity (Vs), systolic maximum strain (SS), systolic maximum strain rate (SSR), diastolic maximum velocity (Vd), and diastolic maximum strain rate (DSR). The parameters were compared between the 2 groups. The conventional echcardiographic parameters were also obtained. RESULTS: There was no significant change in all baseline parameters before the chemotherapy in 30 breast cancer patients compared with the normal controls (P>0.05). After the second chemotherapy cycle, DSR was lower in every segment, Vd was lower in the free wall, mainly the lateral, anterior and inferior wall (P<0.05), while Vd didn't change significantly in the septum wall (P>0.05). After the third chemotherapy cycle, Vd, DSR and SSR decreased significantly in all segments (P<0.05). Vs and SS didn't change significantly (P>0.05). CONCLUSION VVI can monitor the epirubicin cardiotoxicity early and is more sensitive than echocardiograph.
Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; drug therapy ; Cardiac Volume ; Case-Control Studies ; Echocardiography ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Epirubicin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ; chemically induced ; diagnostic imaging

This study was aimed to construct a plasmid expressing siRNA specific for the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene and to evaluate the ability of small interference RNA(siRNA) for inhibiting telomerase activity in HeLa cells. 64 nucleotides, in which 19 nt were homologous with hTERT gene, were chemically synthesized, annealed and linked into pSUPER to get pSUP-hTE. Then pSUP-hTE was digested with enzyme. We obtained its fragmant concluding promoter and 64nt. So we cloned it into pEGFP-C1 for constructing pEGFP-hTE which contains neo gene and the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Recombinant pEGFP-hTE was transfected to HeLa cells. These cells were screened with medium containing G418. When stable colonies appeared, G418-resistant cells were harvested and propagated. At the different cell generations, hTERT mRNA and protein expression, telomerase activity and cell growth activity were analyzed. Compared with control cells, HeLa cells transfected with pEGFP-hTE showed that hTERT mRNA level and hTERT protein expression decreased and telomerase activity reduced by 38%, but the cells growth activity displayed no changes. So pEGFP-hTE could specifically inhibit expression of hTERT and telomerase activity. These results suggested that siRNA targeting hTERT gene might provide a new strategy for cancer biotherapy.
Base Sequence ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plasmids ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Telomerase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; Transfection

In order to investigate the effect of ligustrazine (Lig) i.p. on peritoneal permeability in peritoneal dialysis and its side effects, creatinine was given intravenously and continuously to maintain the high plasma creatinine level. All the rabbits were divided into three groups: normal control group (group A), group B treated with 0.12% Lig and group C treated with 0.24% Lig. The peritoneal dialysis of all rabbits lasted 2 h. The plasma and dialysate levels of glucose, protein and creatinine were observed immediate, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 120 min after dialysis. Creastinine dialysate/plasma ratio (D/P), protein D/P ratio, glucose D/Do at different time points after dialysis and creatinine mass transfer area coefficient (MTAC) at 120 min were calculated. The structures of peritoneum were observed under optical microscope and electron microscope after continuously intraperitoneal injection of Lig for 14 days. The results showed that the 90-min and 120-min creatinine D/P ratios in the group C were higher than in the group A. The 120-min creatinine MATC in the group C was higher than in the group A. The rabbits treated with Lig did not show significant structure changes of peritoneum and signs of peritoneal irritation. It was suggested that Lig could increase mass transfer ability of peritoneum without significant side effects.
Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Creatinine ; blood ; Dialysis Solutions ; chemistry ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; methods ; Peritoneum ; metabolism ; Pyrazines ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Rabbits

BACKGROUND:The therapeutic regimen of intraarticular calcaneal comminuted fractures commonly selects plate and screw fixation. However, for case of posterosuperior calcaneal fracture, the weakness of achil es tendon stretch and plate screw fixation results in difficulty or maintenance of reduction. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effects of open reduction and internal fixation with steel screw and Steinmann pins for comminuted calcaneal intra-articular and posterosuperior fractures. METHODS:From December 2009 to December 2013, forty patients with fractures of comminuted calcaneal posterosuperior fractures were randomly divided into two groups. In the control group, patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation by plate screw only. In the experimental group, patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation by combination of plate screw and Steinmann pin. The Gissane and Bohler angles of the calcaneus were measured from lateral radiograph before and 4 weeks after surgery, and the MARYLAND score was assessed at the last fol ow-up. Gissane and Bohler angle and MARYLAND score were compared in each group and among different groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al patients were fol owed up for 9-23 months. BOHLER and GISSANE angles were significantly bigger at 4 weeks after surgery compared with pre-treatment in both groups (P<0.05). BOHLER and GISSANE angles were significantly bigger in the experimental group than in the control group at 4 weeks after surgery (P<0.05). During final fol ow-up, the average score by MARYLAND Foot Score was 78 in the experimental group and 67 in control group, with their excellent and good rate of 80%and 73%. The excellent and good rate was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05). These data indicated that open reduction and internal fixation with combination of plate screw and Steinmann pin has better efficacy in treatment of the comminuted calcaneal intra-articular and posterosuperior fractures compared with plate and screw fixation alone. Their fixation is firm. Functional exercise can be performed earlier. Postoperative recovery of function of the affected limbs is better than plate and screw fixation alone.

This study sought to measure accurately the thickness of the frontal, parietal and occipital bones of the alive human skull based on CT images. The images were treated with a series of processes by coding into a program: image segmentation and binary coding; eliminating edge interference; rectifying image deviation and clarifying boundary edge; redrawing the boundary and reference point fixing; and finally thickness measurement. The new method can measure not only the different points in one CT image but also the same point in massive CT images. The measurement results are of great practical value in the fields of anatomy, clinical medicine, biomechanics study, head injury analysis, etc.
Cephalometry ; methods ; Humans ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; methods ; Skull ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed