Objective To investigate the epidemiologic features of HIV infections in voluntary blood donors in Zhejiang province.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 206 cases of HIV-positive blood donors who were found from 2008 to 2010 by blood screening in Zhejiang Province,and the demographic data of those HIV carriers were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software.Results The HIV-positive rates of voluntary blood donors in 2008,2009 and 2010 were 0.09‰(49/552 585 ),0.11‰( 64/601 639)and 0.15‰(93/600 893),respectively.There were five regions in Zhejiang province where HIV-positive rates exceeded 0.10‰,and the highest one was 0.21‰ in Wenzhou.HIV infection rate of male blood donors was 0.19‰,which was higher than that of female donors (0.02‰,x2 =96.21,P ＜ 0.01 ) ; donors with ages of ＞25-35 had the highest infection rate (0.19‰) among all age groups (x2 =41.94,P ＜0.01 ) ; blood donors with education of junior high school or lower had higher infection rate (0.21‰) than those with education of senior high school and undergraduate or above (0.11‰ and 0.02‰,x2 =78.62,P ＜0.01 ).Infection rate of first-time blood donors in 2008 was 0.12‰,higher than that of repeated donors (0.05‰,x2 =7.26,P＜0.01); while in 2009 and 2010,there was no difference between two groups (x2 =0.16 and 1.35,P ＞ 0.05 ).Blood donors who used mobile donation sites had higher infection rate than those using institutional donation (x2 =18.5,22.0 and 16.8 for 2008,2009 and 2010,P ＜0.01 ).Conclusions The risk of HIV infection is gradually increasing among voluntary blood donors in Zhejiang province.To ensure the blood safety,blood agencies should establish pre-donation health consultation for high-risk blood donors such as young men with low education.

Objective To study the probability of transferring the regulatory T cells induced by TGF-β1 to prolong the allograft survival and the mechanisms involved.Methods According to the different culture conditions.three experimental groups were established:control group(T cells from C57 BL/6 mice cultured with II-2),MLR group(T cells from C57BL/6 mice activated by alloantigen)and TGF-βgroup(T cells from C57BL/6 mice activated by alloantigen and cultured with 5.0 ng/ml TGF-β1).After the culture,the ratio of CI4+CD25+T and the Foxq3 expression were measured by FACS and RT-PCR,respectively.On 9th day,the pathologic analysis was performed and the ratios of TH1,TH2 and Treg and the proliferation of lymphocytes were measured.Results The ratio of CD4+CD25+T in TGF-β group was higher than that in control group and MLR group(P<0.05),and Foxp3 was expressed in CD4+CD25+T cell from TGF-βgroup.After transferring ofthe cells,the allografi survival time in TGF-β group was prolonged and its mean survival time(MST)was(22.8±1.9)d,which was longer than that in MLR group and control group (P0.05),lower than that of control group(P<0.05). And the ratio of CD4+CD25+T in TGF-β group was higher than that in control and MLR group obviously(P

Objective To investigate the relationship between the serum concentrations of brain derived neurotrophicfactor (BDNF) and its G196A polymorphism in the amphetamine induced-psychosis inpatients.Methods The cross-sectional study included 233 amphetamine abuses and 110 healthy participants who served as controls.The serum concentration of BDNF was measured by sandwich ELISA,and the genotype of BDNF G196A polymorphism was determined used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques.The data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 statistics software.Results The serum concentration of BDNF in case group((205.81±75.36) pg/ml) were significantly higher than that in control group((95.04±31.63) pg/ml;t=15.02,P＜0.01).There was no significant difference about the BDNF serum concentrations between the inpatients with the amphetamine induced psychosis and the inpatients with the amphetamine abuse (P＞0.05).The BDNF serum concentration showed no significant difference in the genotype distributions and allele frequencies (P＞0.05).The genotype distributions and allele frequencies of BDNF G196A showed no significant difference among three groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The BDNF serum concentration is correlated with methamphetamine abuse,while the BDNF G196A gene polymorphism may not be associated.

Objective To explore whether the antagonistic effect of decorin (DCN)on progression of glomeruloselerosis is associated with the inhibition of the expression of type I and type II transforming growth factor-? receptors (TGF-?R I and TGF-?R II )in mesangial cells (MsC). Methods RT-RCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of TGF-?R I and TGF-?R II mRNA and their proteins on cultured rat MsC stimulated by exogenous TGF-?1. Lipofectin-mediated method was used to transfect DCN vector into MsC. After screening and identifying of transfected MsC, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were adapted to detect the changes of TGF-?R I and TGF-?R II expression respectively. Results The expression of TGF-?R I and TGF-?R II mRNA and their proteins on normal MsC stimulated by exogenous TGF-?1 increased in time-dependent manner and reached the peak at 24th hour. Compared with normal and untransfected MsC (1P-1), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-?R I and TGF-?R II on MsC (3D-5, 7D-1) transfecled by DCN gene decreased significantly, and DCN gene transfection could antagonize the increase of mRNA and protein expression of both receptors caused by exogenous TGF-?1. Conclusions The expression of both TGF-?R I and TGF-?R II decreases obviously in MsC overexpressing DCN gene, which may be one of the importan antagonistic mechanisms of decorin involved in the development of glomeruloselerosis mediated by TGF-?.

Background:Esophageal cancer is a common gastrointestinal cancer with poor prognosis,and effective chemotherapy is lacking currently. Studies have shown that cardiac glycosides can inhibit tumor cells growth,but its mechanism has not been fully clarified. Aims:To investigate the effect and mechanism of ouabain in regulating proliferation of human esophageal carcinoma cells. Methods:OE19 human esophageal carcinoma cells were treated with ouabain,and cells in control group were treated with DMSO. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell counting method. mRNA expressions of Sox2,Sox4,Sox7,Sox9 and Sox10 were determined by real-time PCR. Protein expression of Sox4 was determined by Western blotting. Gene expressions of phospho-histone3( ph3),a cell proliferation marker and Sox4 were detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results:Ouabain( ≥ 40 nmol/ L)could significantly inhibit OE19 cells proliferation. mRNA and protein expressions of Sox4 were significantly decreased in OE19 cells in ouabain(40 nmol/ L)group than those in control group(P < 0. 05). No significant differences in mRNA expressions of Sox2,Sox7,Sox9 and Sox10 were found between the two groups(P > 0. 05). Gene expressions of ph3 and Sox4 in nucleus of OE19 cells were decreased in ouabain (40 nmol/ L)group than those in control group. Conclusions:Ouabain is effective in inhibiting human esophageal carcinoma cells proliferation,the underlying mechanism might be related with down-regulation of Sox4 expression and the subsequent cell cycle modulation.

Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of decorin(DCN) on rat mesangial cell (MsC) growth and on the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and p21 protein. Methods Lipofectin-mediated method was used to transfect DCN vector into MsC. After the screen and identification of transfected MsC, DCN-containing supernatant was collected and added into the culture medium of normal MsC, then flow cytometer was used to detect the cell cycle. Western blot analysis was used to explore the changes of MAPK and p21 protein. Immunofluorescence was adapted to detect the expression of p21 on cultured MsC. Results Compared with normal MsC, the number of G2-M cells treated with DCN-containing supernatant decreased to 35%(P

Psychiatric professional talents is specially needed in China.Our university was ratified by ministry of education of people's republic of China in 2011 to cultivate professional master degree postgraduates majoring in mental health and psychiatry.According to the social needs and requirements of ministry of education,we carried out comprehensive reform and exploration in cultivation direction and objective,time management and course offering,cultivating model,examination and evaluation system.Cultivation direction included clinical psychiatry,forensic psychiatry,community psychiatry,behavioral medicine and clinical psychology,which were closely related with social needs.The objective was to cultivate high-grade psychiatric special talents with higher political diathesis,competent clinical skills,certain teaching and research abilities and grasping one foreign language.The total time for cultivating clinical skills should no less than two years and a half.Course offering included degree course and non - degree course,clinical skills,academic activities,teaching practice,medical record arrangement or case analysis essay writing.We developed the cultivating model combining ‘ medicine,study and research' and developed multilevel and comprehensive examination and evaluation system.

Magnesium stents have gained increasing interest as an ideal stent of future intervention. In order to study the deformation behavior of magnesium alloy stents in the interventional treatment, the finite element method was used to analysis the effects of different crimp and expansion dimensions on the mechanical properties (maximum stress, radial recoil rate, longitudinal shortening rate and radial strength). The results showed that crimping and expanding have a minimal influence on the stent radial strength. When the expansion size is same, the maximum equivalent stress and recoil rate decrease with the crimp size. When the crimp size is same, in contrast with the radial recoil rate, the maximum equivalent stress and longitudinal shortening rate increase with the expansion size. In addition the paper verified the radial strength-radial displacement curve obtained by FEM. Results are basically consistent, indicating the finite element method can efficiently provide researchers with reliable, high-quality design.
Alloys ; Finite Element Analysis ; Magnesium ; Stents

The finite element method was used for simulating the mechanical performance and fatigue safety of three different structures of Nitinol stent. According to the actual situation, after proposing reasonable assumptions and simplification, the geometry model and finite element model establishment, material mode selection and boundary condition setting are completed. The strain and fatigue life of different stent edges wide (omega) or strut angle (theta) are computed. The result can provide a valuable reference for the optimal design of stent.
Alloys ; Finite Element Analysis ; Prosthesis Design ; Stents

OBJECTIVETo observe and compare the effects of two kinds of lung recruitment maneuvers, namely sustained inflation (SI) and incremental positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) (IP) on oxygenation, respiratory mechanics, and hemodynamics of dogs with severe smoke inhalation injury.

METHODSAfter being treated with conventional mechanical ventilation, 12 dogs were inflicted with severe smoke inhalation injury. They were divided into group SI and group IP according to the random number table, with 6 dogs in each group. Dogs in group SI were subjected to continuous positive airway pressure ventilation, with inspiratory pressure of 25 cmH2O (1 cmH2o = 0. 098 kPa), and it was sustained for 20 s. PEEP level in group IP was gradually increased by 5 cmH2O every 5 min up to 25 cmH2O, and then it was decreased by 5 cmH2O every 5 min until reaching 2-3 cmH2O. Then the previous ventilation mode was resumed in both groups for 8 hours. Blood gas analysis (pH value, PaO2, and PaCO2), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory mechanics parameters [peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), mean airway pressure, and dynamic lung compliance], and hemodynamic parameters [heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), and cardiac output (CO)] were recorded or calculated before injury, immediately after injury, and at post ventilation hour (PVH) 2, 4, 6, 8. Data were processed with analysis of variance of repeated measurement and LSD-t test.

RESULTS(1) At PVH 6 and 8, pH values of dogs in group SI were significantly lower than those in group IP (with t values respectively 2. 431 and 2. 261, P values below 0.05); PaO2 levels in group SI [(87 ± 24), (78 ± 14) mmHg, 1 mmHg =0. 133 kPa] were lower than those in group IP [ (114 ± 18) , (111 ± 17) mmHg, with t values respectively 2. 249 and 3.671, P <0.05 or P <0.01]; OI values in group SI were significantly higher than those in group IP (with t values respectively 2.363 and 5.010, P <0.05 or P <0.01). No significant differences were observed in PaCO2 level within each group or between the two groups (with t values from 0. 119 to 1. 042, P values above 0.05). Compared with those observed immediately after injury, the pH values were significantly lowered (except for dogs in group IP at PVH 6 and 8, with t values from 2.292 to 3.222, P <0.05 or P <0.01), PaO2 levels were significantly elevated (with t values from 4. 443 to 6.315, P <0.05 or P <0.01), and OI values were significantly lowered (with t values from 2.773 to 9.789, P <0.05 orP <0.01) in both groups at all the treatment time points. (2) The PIP level at each time point showed no significant differences between two groups (with t values from 0. 399 to 1. 167, P values above 0. 05). At PVH 4 and 8, the mean airway .pressure values of dogs in group SI were significantly higher than those in group IP (with t values respectively 1.926 and 1. 190, P values below 0.05). At PVH 4, 6, and 8, the dynamic lung compliance levels of dogs in group SI [(9.5 ± 1.9), (12.8 ± 2. 1), (13. 1 ± 1.8) mL/cmH2O] were significantly lower than those in group IP [(11.6 ± 1.2), (15.4 ± 1.8), (14.9 ± 0.8) mL/cmH2O], with t values respectively 2. 289, 2. 303, 2. 238, P values below 0.05. Compared with those observed immediately after injury, PIP and the mean airway pressure values of dogs in two groups were significantly lowered at each treatment time point (with t values from 2. 271 to 7. 436, P <0. 05 or P < 0.01); the dynamic lung compliance levels were significantly elevated in both groups at PVH 6 and 8 (with t values from 2. 207 to 4. 195, P < 0.05 or P <0.01). (3) Heart rate, MAP, and PAP levels at each time point between two groups showed no significant differences (with t values from 0. 001 to 1. 170, P values above 0. 05). At PVH 4, 6, and 8, CO levels in group IP [(0. 6 + 0. 3), (0. 6 + 0. 4), (0. 5 + 0. 7) L/min] were significantly lower than those in group SI [(1.5 0.7), (1.8 + 1.1), (1.6 +0.9) L/min], with t values respectively 3. 028, 2.511, 2.363, P values below 0.05. Compared with that observed immediately after injury, CO level in group IP was significantly lowered at PVH 4, 6, or 8 (with t values respectively 2. 363, 2. 302, 2. 254, P values below 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSBoth lung recruitment maneuvers can effectively improve oxygenation and lung compliance of dogs with severe smoke inhalation injury. IP is more effective in improving lung compliance, while SI shows less impact on the hemodynamic parameters.

Animals ; Blood Gas Analysis ; veterinary ; Dogs ; Hemodynamics ; Lung Compliance ; physiology ; Oxygen ; blood ; Oxygen Consumption ; physiology ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; methods ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Mechanics ; Severity of Illness Index ; Smoke ; adverse effects ; Smoke Inhalation Injury ; physiopathology ; therapy