Objective To explore the thyroid nodule in Shanghai among the health physical examination population.Methods A retrospective method was used to analyze the examination data of 61 725 cases of people,who had a health examination in Huadong Sanatorium in 2015,including 38 648 men and 23 077 women,aged from 12 to 91 years old,and the average age was (49.3 ± 11.3) years old.They came from every district of Shanghai,and covered every level of living standards.Thyroid color Doppler Ultrasonography was used in the examination,and thyroid nodules were diagnosed in accordance with "the Guidelines for Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (2015)".All patients with thyroid nodules were divided by age (＜ 21,21-,31-,41-,51-,61-,＞ 70 years old) and gender,and the detection rate of multiple nodules and micro-nodules (the maximum diameter was less than or equal to 1.0 cm) of each group was calculated to reveal the current situation of multiple nodules and micronodules among the patients with thyroid nodules.Results The detection rate of thyroid diseases was 54.5％ (33 654/61 725),and was conspicuously higher in female (62.6％,14 448/23 077) than in male (49.7％,19 206/38 648,x2 =971.706,P＜ 0.05).The detection rate of thyroid nodule was 50.4％ (31 126/61 725),and the detection rate of female (53.8％,12 420/23 077) was higher than that of male (48.4％,18 706/38 648,x2 =28.572,P ＜ 0.05).Start from the age of 21,thyroid nodule detection rates of male and female (22.5％,30.3％,42.9％,60.8％,71.1％,79.2％;29.5％,39.3％,54.5％,70.0％,78.5％,86.4％) were increased along with increasing age,and the detection rates of female among all age groups were higher than those of male (x2 =34.253,116.647,235.972,139.312,28.053,11.427,P ＜ 0.05).In patients with thyroid nodules,multiple nodules and micro-nodules were the main,and the detection rate of multiple nodules (57.5％,17 911/31 126) was higher than that of the single nodules (42.5％,13 215/31 126,x2 =152.933,P ＜ 0.05).The detection rate of micro-nodules was 84.4％ (26 282/31 126),and the detection rate of female (82.0％,10 181/12 420) was lower than that of male (86.1％,16 101/18 706,x2 =95.548,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The detection rate of thyroid nodule is relatively high in the group of people receiving physical examination in Shanghai,and this disease is closely correlated with age and gender.Among patients with thyroid nodules,multiple nodules and micro-nodules constitute the majority.