Objective: To study the effects of soluble multi-peptide agent,marked “Gu Kang Tai Ling”,derived from bone tissue on rat bone fracture healing.Methods 80 right tibia defects of rats were sawed.The “Gu Kang Tai Ling”were intramuscularly injected to the rats.The quality of the defect healing was investigated continuously and respectively by the defect bone histomorphometry,biomechanics,X-ray film,and bone mineral density(BMD).Results: Under the treatment of the agent,at early stage trabecular bone volume (TBV)ratio increased 24.7%,and osteoblast surface(OBS)26.7%,at late stage mean trabecular healing surface rate(MTHSR)was increased 38.8%,tibia anti-fracture strength 0.4527～1.4350N，and BMD 7.65% compared with the control group.Conclusion: “Gu Kang Tai Ling”can accelerate rat fracture healing and improve the quality of healing.

BACKGROUND:Anticancer drugs-loaded magnetic nanopartides,as a novel targeting drug delivery system,are characterized by high drug loading dose,targeting location transport,heat effect of magnetic grains,and biological degradation.Thus,this system brings new hopes for chemical therapy with high efficiency and low toxic and side effects.OBJECTIVE:To observe in vitro toxic effects of complexing cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (CDDP)-loaded magnetic nanopartides on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) CNE2 cells.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The in vitro controlled study was performed at the Laboratory of Pharmacology,Northern Region,Sun Yet-sen University in March 2005.MATERIALS:CDDP was provided by Shandong Qilu Pharmaceutical factory.CDDP-loaded magnetic nanoparticles (CDDP-SAMNP),43-52 nm in particle diameter.Utilization rate of CDDP was about 65%.NPC CNE2 cell line was supplied by the Laboratory of Cell Pathology,Cancer Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University.METHODS:This study contained medication and control groups.The medication group was assigned to CDDP and CDDP-SAMNP groups.CDDP and CDDP-SAMNP were diluted by RPMI-1640 medium.Drug concentration was in accordance with CDDP content.The control group was divided into RPMI-1640 medium and SAMNP groups (adding ferroso-ferric oxide,magnetic nucleus concentration was 7 g/L,diluted by the medium).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:MTT assay was used to observe kill and wound rate of 1.89-11.34 mg/L CDDP and corresponding dose of CDDP-SAMNP on NPC CNE2 cells following 24 and 48 hours.Uptake of CDDP-SAMNP by CNE2 cells was investigated under a transmission electron microscope.RESULTS:SAMNP as the medium group had no effect on killing or wounding CNE2 cells (P＞0.05).With the increment of CDDP and CDDP-SAMNP dose,the kill and wound rate presented an obvious dose-effect relationship.At the same dose,the same medicine showed an increasing kill and wound rate with the extension of reaction time,presenting an obvious time-effect relationship.At 24 hours after reaction,the kill and wound rate of CDDP-SAMNP and CDDP were similar (P＞0.05).At 48 hours,at the dose from 1.89 to 5.04 mg/L,the kill and wound rate of CDDP-SAMNP was lower than that of CDDP (P＜0.05),but when increased to 6.93 mg/L,the kill and wound rate of CDDP-SAMNP was dose to that of CDDP.SAMNP and CDDP-SAMNP could be easily taken into CNE2 cells.CONCLUSION:Effect of CDDP-SAMNP on killing and wounding NPC CNE2 cells is close to that of cis-diaminedichloroplatinum at the same high dose.The active sources are the cis-diaminedichloroplatinum released from the nano-camers.The stability of modified CDDP-SAMNP has been increased and its therapy effect has not been influenced.

Objective:The therapeutical effects of salpingocatheterism and the states of tubal function were studied after different middle ear operations and within different middle ear pathological changes.Method:Total 71 patients with tubal occlusion, 18 of myringoplasty, 20 of reconstruction of ossicolar chain followed tympanoplasty, 14 of combined approach tympanoplasty, 10 of radical mastoidectomy followed tympanoplasty, 9 of re-radical mastoidectomy followed tympanoplasty were implemented salpingocatheterism. The patients were followed up for evaluation of the postoperative therapeutical effects and the state of tubal function. Result:The causes of operation failure in different middle ear operations or different middle ear pathological changes had no significantly difference. The major cause for postoperative tympanic membrane perforation and tubal occlusion was the pathogenic damage being not cleared up thoroughly and/or there being nasal cavity or pharyngeal cavity pathogenic changes accompanied.Conclusion:Salpingocatheterism is effective for preventing eustachian tube postoperative adhesion.

Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of Semen Cassiae application on navel in treating essential hypertension. Methods Totally 1674 cases of hypertension, according to visiting sequence, were randomly divided into treatment group (864 cases) and control group (810 cases). The control group was given hydrochloride enalapril 10 mg orally, 2 times a day. The treatment group was treated with Semen Cassiae application on navel, replaced per 24 h. The two groups were treated with moderate exercise, reasonable diet, and the course was 6 months. The clinical symptoms, blood pressure, blood lipid and blood rheology of the two groups were measured before and after treatment. Results To compare the symptoms efficacy, total effectiveness of treatment group was 95.14%(822/864), the control group was 71.11%(576/810), there was a significant difference (P<0.01). To compare antihypertensive effects, the total effective rate of the treatment group was 95.60% (826/864), the control group was 73.46% (595/810), there was a significant difference (P<0.01). The change of blood pressure in the treatment group was significantly better than the control group (P<0.01). TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and blood rheology of the treatment group was significant different between before and after treatment (P<0.01). Conclusion On the basis of western medicine, Semen Cassiae application on navel played a double effect of acupoint and drug. It is more effective in lowering blood pressure, improving the clinical symptoms, blood lipid and blood rheology indexes.

BACKGROUND: Epidural block(EB) is one of the effective and widely used remedies for lumbar disc herniation(LDH) . Animal experiments have been conducted to study the changes in the local tissue structure in the spinal canel after several treatments with EB.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of EB for LDH on the local tissue structures in the spinal canel.DESIGN: A non-randomized and controlled clinical observation.PARTICIPANTS: Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Electron Microscope of an Affiliated Hospital of a University.SUBJECTS: Forty patients with LDP, who failed to respond to EB treatment and subsequently received discectomy in the Department of Orthopaedics,First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from May 1992 to December 1997, were enrolled in this study, with 20 patients receiving discectomy but not EB treatment serving as the control group.METHODS: From the 60 cases, totally 120 specimens of yellow ligament and the disc tissues were obtained during discectomy for optical microscopical examination. A portion of the yellow ligament and the lumbar disc tissues were chosen from EB group(12 cases) and non-EB group(10 cases), respectively, for electron microscope examination(involving altogether 44specimens) . The changes in histology and ultrastructnres in the specimens were compared between the two groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Main results: the reactive proliferation of the tunica adventitia and inflammatory reaction of the intervertebral disc and yellow ligament; ② Secondary results: changes in the ultrastructure of the anulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus and yellow ligament.RESULTS: No significant difference was found between the two groups either in light microscopy or electron microscopy in the degree of smoothness and the inflammatory reaction of the cavosurface of the yellow ligament and the disc tissues, nor in the cellular ultrastructures and fibrous arrangement.CONCLUSION: There is no direct relationship between lumbar EB and epidural scar adhesion formation. EB does not affect the ultrastructures of the local tissues in the spinal canal, but care must be taken of the sterilization in the surgical procedure, as chronic inflammatory reaction in the yellow ligament and disc tissues can be present in some patients.

Objective To investigate the rs501120 and rs17465637 gene polymorphisms,and their relationship with the risk of coronary heart disease(CHD)in Chinese Han population.Methods 775 CHD without treatment and 775 age and gender matched controls were selected for this study,the genotypes of two single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)rs501120 and rs17465637 were tested with TaqMan-MGB probes.Results There was no significant difference in the frequency of genotypes of the 2 SNPs between CHD group and control group(P ＞0.05).Stratified analysis showed that SNP rs501120 had significant protection with CHD in people younger than 60 years old(OR 0.4,95% CI 0.2-0.9,P ＜ 0.05)or people with diabetes(OR0.3,95%CI0.1-0.7,P ＜0.05).Conclusions The results suggested that rs501120 was tightly associated with CHD in people younger than 60 years or had diabetes.

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture on urodynamic alteration in rats after complete T10 spinal cord transection.Methods Thirty-one female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into a sham operation group (n=10),a model group (n=11) and an electroacupuncture (EA) group (n=10).The spinal cords of the rats in the latter two groups were completely transected at the T10 level.Pressure was applied to the rats'lower abdomens every day while in the EA group electroacupuncture with continuous wave electricity was applied to the guanyuan (RN4) and sanyinjiao (SP6) acupoints for 15 min.The treatment was carried out daily for consecutive 7 days.Urodynamic examinations were carried out after the treatment course had finished.Results At the 9th day after the operation,average residual urine volume and bladder capacity in the EA group were both significantly lower than in the model group.Residual urine volume and bladder capacity were lowest in the sham operation group.Average voided volume and voiding rate in the EA group were significantly higher than in the model group.The average voiding rate was highest in the sham operation group.The average vesical pressure of the urine leak point and bladder compliance of the EA group rats were significantly lower than those of the model group The average vesical pressure of the urine leak point and bladder compliance of the sham operation group were lowest of all.All of these differences were statistically significant at the 1％ level of confidence.Conclusion EA can improve the lower bladder's detrusor reflex state and urinary tract function soon after complete T10 spinal cord transaction,at least in rats.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of mirror therapy in treating the upper limbs of patients with stroke.Methods The PUBMED,MEDLINE,EMbase,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL),ISI Web of Knowledge,OVID,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang Data databases were searched for reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of mirror therapy in the treatment of the upper limbs of patients with stroke from the date of establishment of each database to April 2012.The bibliographies of the studies retrieved were also searched.Two independent researchers evaluated the included studies using the risk of bias provided by Cochrane Library.The extracted data were analyzed using RevMan 5.1 software and version 3.6 of the GRAED profiler.Results Reports of 9 trials were discovered.Meta-analysis showed that compared to the group that didn't have visual feedback,mirror therapy did not significantly increase Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) (Upper Limb) scores after 4 weeks of treatment compared with groups that did not have visual feedback.Mirror therapy also did not significantly increase average scores on the action research arm test (ARAT) after 6 weeks of treatment.Mirror therapy did,however,increase average Brunnstrom stage scores for the hand after 4 weeks of treatment and at a 6-month follow-up.Mirror therapy did not increase average scores on the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) after 4 weeks of treatment,but increased MAS scores were observed at a 6-month follow-up compared with a group which had no visual feedback.Mirror therapy increased functional independence measure (FIM) self-care scores after 4 weeks of treatment and at a 6-month follow-up,and it also increased modified Barthel index (MBI) scores after 4 weeks of treatment.In the GRADE system,the scores of Brunnstrom stages for the hand after 4 weeks of treatment were of moderate quality,but those scores and the MAS scores at the 6-month follow-up were of low quality.The FIM selfcare scores after 4 weeks and at the 6-month follow-up and the MBI scores measured after 4 weeks were of very low quality.Conclusion This evidence shows that mirror therapy can improve upper limb function and quality of daily life to some extent after stroke.However,because of the limitations of the previous studies such as poor quality,different end points,different rating scales and different courses of stroke,more high-quality,randomized,controlled trials with larger samples are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of mirror therapy in the rehabilitation of upper limb function after stroke.

BACKGROUND:With the development of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, 3D printed porous titanium scaffolds as bone substitutes have become a research hotspot. OBJECTIVE:To introduce and discuss the effects of each parameter of 3D printed porous titanium scaffolds on bone ingrowth, and to sum out the optimal parameters for bone ingrowth. METHODS:The first author retrieved PubMed, Springerlink and Medline databases with“three-dimensional (3D) printing, scaffold, titanium, bone ingrowth”as keywords for relevant articles published from 2006 to 2016. 125 articles were retrieved initial y, and final y 42 eligible articles were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Pore size, porosity, pore structures and surface modifications of 3D printed porous titanium scaffolds al make effects on bone ingrowth or osteoblasts in scaffolds. Scaffolds with appropriate pore size and porosity can promote the vascularization and provide adequate nutrition and oxygen supplement, to ensure high cel viability. Regulations of cel performances, such as cel attachment, proliferation and differentiation, are also affected by pore structures and nano-scale surface modification. Herein, a detailed combination of the parameters, as mentioned above, can create a better porous scaffold for better bone ingrowth. Hence, the high-stability interface between bone and scaffolds may be obtained through the parameter adjustment.

Purpose: To explore the effect of intravesical electrical stimulation (IVES) on urinary adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nitric oxide (NO) in rats with detrusor underactivity (DU) induced by bilateral pelvic nerve crush (bPNC), and to determine the underlying peripheral mechanism. Methods: Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into 3 groups: sham; bPNC; and IVES. Rats in the IVES group began to receive IVES treatment 10 days after bPNC (20 minutes per day for 14 consecutive days). After the 14th IVES, rat urine was collected and cystometry was performed. The serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urinary ATP and NO levels were measured, and a routine urinalysis was performed. Results: The maximum cystometric capacity (MCC), maximum changes in bladder pressure during filling (∆FP), and postvoid residual urine (PVR) in the IVES group were significantly lower than the bPNC group, and the maximum changes in bladder pressure during voiding (∆VP) was significantly higher than the bPNC group. Compared with the sham group, the MCC, ∆FP and PVR were significantly increased, and the maximum voiding pressure (MVP) and ∆VP were significantly decreased in the bPNC group. After bPNC, urinary ATP was significantly decreased, and urinary NO was significantly increased. In IVES-treated rats, urinary ATP was significantly higher than the bPNC group, and NO was significantly lower than the bPNC group. In addition, the ATP-to-NO ratio of the rats in the bPNC group was significantly lower than the sham and IVES groups. Correlation analysis showed that the ATP and NO were not correlated with the MCC, ∆FP, MVP, ∆VP, and PVR. Conclusions Promoting the release of urothelial ATP and inhibiting the release of urothelial NO may be one of the peripheral mechanisms underlying IVES in the treatment of DU. Specifically, IVES may shift the balance between excitation and inhibition toward excitation.