Objective To investigate the dynamic expression and clinical significance of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/CD80 in patients before and early after renal transplantation. Methods Thirty-two patients who received renal transplantation were enrolled in his study. All of them were primary recipients, and the level of panal reactive antibody less than 1%. The expression of TLR4 and CD80 in CD14, positive monocyte of peripheral blood from atients on the 1st, 4th, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th and 35 th days after transplantation were measured by three-color fluorescent taining flow cytometry. The pa-tients were divided into rejection roup(7 cases) and non-rejection group(25 cases) according to rejec-tion episode record within 2 weeks. Normal control group(10 cases) enrolled healthy adult volunteers. Diagnosis of acute rejection depended on clinical symptoms, lab test, color doppler onography and re-nal biopsy. Results Before ransplanstation, the ressions of TLR4 and CD80 were (8.03± 0.84)% and (0.85±0.31)% in rejection group, (6.14±0.85)% and (0.84±0.39)% in non-rejec-tion group, (6.37±0.56)% and (0.85±0.35)% in normal control group. The expression of TLR4 of rejection group was higher than those of non-rejection group and normal control group(P<0.01). The expressions of CD80 of 3 groups had no significant difference(P=0.995). After ransplanstation, the expressions of TLR4 and CD80 increased to (16.50±1.02)% and (7.82±1.66)% in rejection group, (11.60±0.98)% and (2.26±0.96)% in non-rejection group at the 4th day, and reached the peak levels at the 7th day: (36.40±4.86)% and (9.53±1.97)% in rejection group, (22.70± 3.45)% and (1.87±0.72)% in non-rejection group, then displayed downtrend, rejection group de-creased to (7.10±0.82)% and (0.87±0.57)% at the 35th day, non-rejection group decreased to (7.20±0.76)% and (0.81±0.37)% at the 21st day. Compared with non-rejection group, rejection group showed higher peak expression value of TLR4/CD80 (P<0.01) and longer lasting time. Con-clusions The high expression of TLR4 may increase the risk of acute rejection. The up-regulated TLR4/CD80 levels early after renal transplantation may ontribute to the happeness of acute rejection.

Objective:To observe the up-regulation of nuclear Clusterin (nCLU)gene on the biological behaviors of human non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 .Methods:Sense eukaryotic expression vector of nCLU was constructed by cloning the cDNA of nCLU into pIREShyg3 vector. A549 cells were transfected with pIRES-nCLU and pIREShyg3 vectors by lipofectAMINE~(TM) 2000 mediation, respectively. Stable transfected cells were selected by hygromycin B screening. CCK-8 assay was performed to evaluate the effect of nCLU over-expression on cell proliferation in vitro. The expression level of nGLU protein was examined by Western blotting. Cell cycle distribution was detected by FCM with PI staining. The alteration of migration and metastasis potential of A549 cells before and after nCLU gene transfection were assayed by cell chemotactic migration and invasion test. Results:The proliferation speed of the transfected A549 cell clones stably over-expressing nCLU was slowed down. FCM analyses revealed that the percentage of cells in G_0/G_1 phase dramatically increased from (33.54±2.10)% to (63.31±4.30)%. The cell chemotactic migration and invasion potentials were markedly reduced after nCLU gene transfection (P<0.05). Conclusion:Up-regulation of nCLU can greatly inhibited the proliferation and decreased the migration and invasion capabilities of A549 cells.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of InterTAN (IT) and dynamic hip screw (DHS) in treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures.Methods From July 2008 to November 2011,the patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures were treated by IT (IT group,21 patients) and DHS (DHS group,35 patients).The intraoperative data (operative time,intraoperative blood loss,incision length and hospitalization period),postoperative complications (wound infection,lower limb deep venous thrombosis,bedsore,urinary tract infection and pneumonia) and fracture healing (fracture healing time,femoral neck crispation,coxa vara and Harris scores) were compared.Results IT group was superior to DHS group in operative time,intraoperative blood loss,incision length and hospitalization period [(62.16 ± 15.26) min vs.(85.78 ± 19.50) min,(237.73 ± 108.51) ml vs.(490.87 ± 127.90) ml,(10.20 ±2.02) cm vs.(19.83 ± 2.98) cm and (10.23 ±5.52) d vs.(15.58 ±5.32) d,P ＜0.01].However,there was no significant difference in postoperative complications (P ＞ 0.05).There was significant difference between IT group and DHS group in femoral neck crispation,coxa vara [9.52％ (2/21)vs.28.57％ (10/35),14.29％ (3/21)vs.31.43％ (11/35),P ＜ 0.01].There was no significant difference in fracture healing time and Harris scores (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with DHS,IT has extensive application,shorter surgical time and reliable fixation effect.Therefore,IT is suitable to femoral intertrochanteric fractures.

Mild cognitive impairment is a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia. It is important in terms of recognizing memory loss in older people as well as identifying a group of individuals at high risk of developing dementia and who may benefit from preventive strategies. Ginkgo biloba extract has been shown to possess polyvalent properties, such as anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation. Ginkgo biloba extract appears to have a neuroprotective effect against neurodegenerative diseases.

BACKGROUND:Animal models of osteoporosis play an important role in the research of the pathogenesis, occurrence and development of osteoporosis, as wel as in the clinical diagnosis, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To summarize and discuss the establishment and research ideas of osteoporosis models, explore the current situation and advance of osteoporosis models, compare the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, and provide evidence for clinical investigation. METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in SinoMed, VIP, Wanfang and PubMed databases by using the key words of “animal model, osteoporosis” from January 1969 to October 2015. The language was limited to both Chinese and English. Relevant articles were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The documents about the methods of osteoporosis model preparation, method improvement as wel as their advantage and disadvantage were summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 576 articles were included. Among them, articles published earlier, duplicated, and similarly were excluded, and 53 articles were finaly included. Various animal models of osteoporosis may only focus on the certain causes, certain stage, some of the main symptoms and some pathophysiological changes of disease. Accordingly, appropriate modeling methods and experimental animals should be selected based on research objective. Rat undergoing castration is the most commonly used model in the modeling of osteoporosis. Among drug methods for constructing osteoporosis model, glucocorticoids is the most commonly used one. Disuse method and nutritional method have limitations, and always combined with castration and drug methods. The effects of gene transfer, gene mutation and brain-derived model deserve

The purpose is to obtain optimal cultural conditions for Ganoderma lucidum in the solid medium mainly containing the residual of Pteridium aquilinum,and to provide theoretical foundation for the further use of this material from Pteridium aquilinum.Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the main culture conditions including proportion of the residual compound in medium,water content in medium and culture temperature.The results showed that proportion of residual of Pteridium aquilinum in medium,water content in medium and cultural condition had noticeably significant effects on daily average growth rate of mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum(p

AIM: It is found that some active priciples of ginseng can enhance and activate body immune system, and have many bioactivities such as anti-tumor, anti-aging and anti-radiation. This study examined the effect of ginsenoside-Rh2 (GS-Rh2) on proliferation and apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia cell strain HL60, and analyzed the dose- and time-dependent manners of GS-Rh2. METHODS: Experiments were performed at the Department of Clinical Laboratory of Jilin Medical College from July to August in 2006. ①Rh2 was purchased from Hongjiu Biotech Co., Ltd. (batch number 050801), and prepared into 50 g/L stock solution by dissolving in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer saline. The HL60 cell strain was purchased from Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences. ②HL60 cells in logarithmic growth phase were inoculated into 3?108 L-1 cell suspension. After the cells were cultured for 6 hours, 100 ?L GS-Rh2 at different concentrations (5,10,20,40,80 mg/L) was added respectively. After the cells were administrated for 48 hours, cell inhibition ratio (IR) was evaluated by MTT colorimetric assay. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was worked out. HL60 cell was acted with this concentration for different time (6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours), cell inhibition ratio (IR) at different time points was evaluated by MTT colorimetric assay, and compare it to the control. After the IC50 of GS-Rh2 acted for 48 hours, HL60 cells were observed with an inverted microscope. HL60 cell was stained by Giemsa, and the typical apoptosis cells were discovered. RESULTS: ①Dose-effect relationship: When the concentration of GS-Rh2 was 5,10,20,40 mg/L, the IR of GS-Rh2 to the growth of HL60 cells was increased gradually in obviously dose-dependent manner. The IR was similar between 80 mg/L and 40 mg/L. After the cells were administrated for 48 hours, the IC50 value was 13.0 mg/L. ②Time-effect relationship: After the concentration of IC50 of GS-Rh2 (13.0 mg/L) acting on HL60 line at different time points (6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours), cell IR was increased gradually (F=9.32,P

Objective To investigate the correlation between the degree of pathogenetic condition and cogni-tive impairment in young OSAHS patients. Methods Sixty-three patients (18～44 years old) were divided into 3 groups according to the assessment criteria regarding the degrees of pathogenetic conditions of hypoxemia and its persistence time: mild group(the lowest SaO2 ≥ 85 %, n = 20 ), moderate group (the lowest SaO2 : 65 ～ 84 %, n =24), and severe group (the lowest SAO2<65%, n= 19). Twenty-five healthy young adults were selected as the control group. All the subjects were tested with event-related potential, namely P300, the polysomnogram and the mini-mental state examination scale(MMSE). Results P300 latency in patients of three OSAHS groups was sig-nificantly prolonged as 326.1±12.7, 346.9±19.1, and 34.9±18.3 ms, as compared with those of control group: 311.9±18.3 ms (P< 0.05, respectively). In severe group, P300 latency was markedly increased compared with mild and moderate groups(P<0.01, P<0.05, respectively). No obvious differences were observed between mild and moderate groups(P=0. 095). The difference of hypoxemia lasting time could influence the P300 latency, such as when the hypoxemia lasting time was 4～60 seconds, the latency was 338. 12±13.7 ms, and when the hypoxemia lasting time increased to 60 ～ 140 s, the latency was prolonged to 354.74±16.7 ms(P = 0. 031 ). There was no difference among all groups in the P300 amplitudes. The MMSE scores for all patients were within normal limits andthere were differences between serve and control group(RA -RB=9. 91, P= 0. 003). Conclusion Among patients with OS-AHS, the impairment of cognitive function is con'anon. The degrees of pathogenetic conditions of hypoxemia and its lasting time may be used to evaluate the impairment degree of cognitive function in patients with OSAHS.

BACKGROUND:Surgical treatment is commonly used for decompressing the spinal cord in multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy, but the optimum anterior cervical reconstructive method has not been determined. OBJECTIVE:To compare and analyze the biomechanical characteristics of four anterior cervical reconstructive techniques in the surgical management of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy utilizing the three-dimensional finite element model. METHODS:A three-dimensional finite element model of an intact C2–7 segment was developed and validated based on healthy adult male CT images. Four additional models were developed from the fusion model, including anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion, anterior cervical hybrid decompression and fusion and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with Cage alone. Von Mises stresses on the plate and the disc of adjacent levels (C2/3, C6/7) were comparatively analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The C2/3 disc stress in flexion, extension, lateral bending and rotation condition was significantly higher than the C6/7 disc in 4 anterior cervical reconstructive techniques, and the adjacent disc stress (C2/3, C6/7) was lowest in the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with Cage alone, and highest in the anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion. (2) The stress at the plate-screw interface was highest in the anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion, and lowest in the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. (3) In conclusion, among the four anterior cervical reconstructive techniques for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy, the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with Cage alone makes little effect on the adjacent disc stress, which might reduce the incidence of adjacent segment disease after fusion. However, the accompanying risk of the increased incidence of cage subsidence should never be neglected.

Objective To discuss the clinical value of magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (MR-DWI) in distinguishing tumor remnants from tumor necrosis of pancreatic carcinoma after cryoablation treatment.Methods Conventional MRI T1WI,T2WI scan,DWI sequence and dynamic enhanced MRI scan were performed in 26 patients with pancreatic carcinoma who were received cryoablation treatment.The changes in MRI signals after cryoablation treatment were recorded.The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the normal pancreas,preoperative tumor tissue,postoperative remnants and necrosis tissue were calculated,and the results were compared.The correlation between the ADC values and the size of the tumor was evaluated,and the differences in ADC values among the tumors that had different diameter,location and staging were statistically analyzed.Results Of the 26 patients,complete necrosis of tumor was obtained in 16.The necrotic tumor tissue displayed low-signal on T1WI,high-signal on T2WI and low-signal on DWI,with no enhancement on dynamic enhanced imaging.Active residual tumor tissue was detected in 9 patients,among them the residual tumor diameter ＞5 cm was seen in 7 patients;the residual rate was 34.6％.ADC values of the following tissue,from low to high in order,were preoperative pancreatic tumor tissue (1.022± 0.126)x10-3 mm2/s,postoperative residual tumor tissue (1.130±0.155)x10-3 mm2/s,normal pancreatic tissue (1.924±-0.124)×10-3 mm2/s and postoperative necrosis tissue (2.312-±0.214)×10-3 mm2/s.No statistically significant difference in ADC values existed between preoperative pancreatic tumor tissue and postoperative residual tumor tissue (P=0.452),while statistically significant difference in ADC values existed between normal pancreatic tissue and postoperative necrosis tissue (P＜0.001).The ADC values of pancreatic tumor tissue bore a negative correlation with the tumor size (R=-0.43,P=0.027 2),while the ADC values lacked the relationship to the tumor location as well as to the tumor staging (P=0.738 8 and P=0.089 5 respectively).Conclusion MR-DWI can effectively distinguish the residual tumor tissue from the necrotic tumor tissue of pancreatic carcinoma after cryoablation treatment,which provides reliable basis for further clinical diagnosis and treatment.