AIM: It is found that some active priciples of ginseng can enhance and activate body immune system, and have many bioactivities such as anti-tumor, anti-aging and anti-radiation. This study examined the effect of ginsenoside-Rh2 (GS-Rh2) on proliferation and apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia cell strain HL60, and analyzed the dose- and time-dependent manners of GS-Rh2. METHODS: Experiments were performed at the Department of Clinical Laboratory of Jilin Medical College from July to August in 2006. ①Rh2 was purchased from Hongjiu Biotech Co., Ltd. (batch number 050801), and prepared into 50 g/L stock solution by dissolving in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer saline. The HL60 cell strain was purchased from Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences. ②HL60 cells in logarithmic growth phase were inoculated into 3?108 L-1 cell suspension. After the cells were cultured for 6 hours, 100 ?L GS-Rh2 at different concentrations (5,10,20,40,80 mg/L) was added respectively. After the cells were administrated for 48 hours, cell inhibition ratio (IR) was evaluated by MTT colorimetric assay. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was worked out. HL60 cell was acted with this concentration for different time (6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours), cell inhibition ratio (IR) at different time points was evaluated by MTT colorimetric assay, and compare it to the control. After the IC50 of GS-Rh2 acted for 48 hours, HL60 cells were observed with an inverted microscope. HL60 cell was stained by Giemsa, and the typical apoptosis cells were discovered. RESULTS: ①Dose-effect relationship: When the concentration of GS-Rh2 was 5,10,20,40 mg/L, the IR of GS-Rh2 to the growth of HL60 cells was increased gradually in obviously dose-dependent manner. The IR was similar between 80 mg/L and 40 mg/L. After the cells were administrated for 48 hours, the IC50 value was 13.0 mg/L. ②Time-effect relationship: After the concentration of IC50 of GS-Rh2 (13.0 mg/L) acting on HL60 line at different time points (6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours), cell IR was increased gradually (F=9.32,P

BACKGROUND:Animal models of osteoporosis play an important role in the research of the pathogenesis, occurrence and development of osteoporosis, as wel as in the clinical diagnosis, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To summarize and discuss the establishment and research ideas of osteoporosis models, explore the current situation and advance of osteoporosis models, compare the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, and provide evidence for clinical investigation. METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in SinoMed, VIP, Wanfang and PubMed databases by using the key words of “animal model, osteoporosis” from January 1969 to October 2015. The language was limited to both Chinese and English. Relevant articles were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The documents about the methods of osteoporosis model preparation, method improvement as wel as their advantage and disadvantage were summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 576 articles were included. Among them, articles published earlier, duplicated, and similarly were excluded, and 53 articles were finaly included. Various animal models of osteoporosis may only focus on the certain causes, certain stage, some of the main symptoms and some pathophysiological changes of disease. Accordingly, appropriate modeling methods and experimental animals should be selected based on research objective. Rat undergoing castration is the most commonly used model in the modeling of osteoporosis. Among drug methods for constructing osteoporosis model, glucocorticoids is the most commonly used one. Disuse method and nutritional method have limitations, and always combined with castration and drug methods. The effects of gene transfer, gene mutation and brain-derived model deserve

BACKGROUND:Surgical treatment is commonly used for decompressing the spinal cord in multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy, but the optimum anterior cervical reconstructive method has not been determined. OBJECTIVE:To compare and analyze the biomechanical characteristics of four anterior cervical reconstructive techniques in the surgical management of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy utilizing the three-dimensional finite element model. METHODS:A three-dimensional finite element model of an intact C2–7 segment was developed and validated based on healthy adult male CT images. Four additional models were developed from the fusion model, including anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion, anterior cervical hybrid decompression and fusion and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with Cage alone. Von Mises stresses on the plate and the disc of adjacent levels (C2/3, C6/7) were comparatively analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The C2/3 disc stress in flexion, extension, lateral bending and rotation condition was significantly higher than the C6/7 disc in 4 anterior cervical reconstructive techniques, and the adjacent disc stress (C2/3, C6/7) was lowest in the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with Cage alone, and highest in the anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion. (2) The stress at the plate-screw interface was highest in the anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion, and lowest in the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. (3) In conclusion, among the four anterior cervical reconstructive techniques for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy, the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with Cage alone makes little effect on the adjacent disc stress, which might reduce the incidence of adjacent segment disease after fusion. However, the accompanying risk of the increased incidence of cage subsidence should never be neglected.

Objective To search for starfishes with hopoglycemic activity and orientate the bioactive fractions .Methods Firstly, the crude extracts of four starfishes were subjected to oral glucose tolerance test on normal and diabetic mice .And then the in vitroα-glucosidase activity assay was introduced to confirm the bioactive fractions .Results The crude extract of Asterias rollestoni could lower the blood glucose of normal and diabetic mice after 0.5 h and 1 h.Furthermore, its n-BuOH fraction exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitoary activity .Conclusion The n-BuOH extract of Asterias rollestoni had a potent α-glucosidase inhibitoary activity .

Bone defects caused by different causes such as trauma, severe bone infection and other factors are common in clinic and difficult to treat. Usually, bone substitutes are required for repair. Current bone grafting materials used clinically include autologous bones, allogeneic bones, xenografts, and synthetic materials, etc. Other than autologous bones, the major hurdles of rest bone grafts have various degrees of poor biological activity and lack of active ingredients to provide osteogenic impetus. Bone marrow contains various components such as stem cells and bioactive factors, which are contributive to osteogenesis. In response, the technique of bone marrow enrichment, based on the efficient utilization of components within bone marrow, has been risen, aiming to extract osteogenic cells and factors from bone marrow of patients and incorporate them into 3D scaffolds for fabricating bone grafts with high osteoinductivity. However, the scientific guidance and application specification are lacked with regard to the clinical scope, approach, safety and effectiveness. In this context, under the organization of Chinese Orthopedic Association, the Expert consensus for the clinical application of autologous bone marrow enrichment technique for bone repair ( version 2023) is formulated based on the evidence-based medicine. The consensus covers the topics of the characteristics, range of application, safety and application notes of the technique of autologous bone marrow enrichment and proposes corresponding recommendations, hoping to provide better guidance for clinical practice of the technique.