OBJECTIVE:To understand the current situation and problems of the human resources of herbalists in Chongqing, and to provide reference for the relevant departments in formulating development plan for herbalists and promoting the healthy and sustainable development of Chinese medicine industry. METHODS:Chongqing municipal health and family planning commission is-sued the questionnaires to investigate the post distribution,educational background,job title and advanced study of medicine staff in Chongqing medical institutions. RESULTS:Questionnaires were gathered and reported by county health bureaus with effective re-covery rate of 100%. There were totally 19 713 Chinese medicine practitioners in Chongqing,including 1 739 herbalists,account-ing for 8.8%. Only 1.7%of the herbalists were graduate degrees,and the proportion of highly educated herbalists was low. The pri-mary professional position of the herbalists accounted only 59.5% and senior professional position was only 4.7%,the professional titles of herbalists were generally on the low side. The proportion of further education for herbalists was only 3.2%. There were sig-nificant differences in the ages,working time,highest education,professional positions and post properties and further studies among different economic areas(P<0.05). Herbalists of one-hour economic circle had higher educational level and higher profes-sional position than other two areas. CONCLUSIONS:Chongqing is lack of herbalists,and lack of the senior professional posi-tions,their education level is low and further education rate is low. In order to promote the development of Chinese medicine,it is necessary to strengthen the training and introduction of outstanding and young talents,strengthen the continuing education and regu-lar standardized training,improve the salary and welfare treatment for authorized strength and positions and balance the training for herbalists in different economic areas.

Objective: To study the expression of Survivin protein and its relationship with apoptosis in oromaxillofacial sarcoma(OMFS). Methods:The expression of Survivin protein and apoptosis were assessed by immunohistochemical staining and TUNEL method in 37 OMFS samples and 14 oral benign mesenchymal tumor(BMT) samples.Results:The Survivin positive rate in oromaxillofacial sarcomas was 81.08% and none in benign tumors(P

Objective·To investigate and analyze periodontal health knowledge and behaviors in medical students and the relationship of these knowledge and behaviors with periodontal health status, and to determine the periodontal health level of this population. Methods·A total of 602 medical students were included in this cross-sectional epidemiological study. The questionnaire covered sociodemographic information, periodontal health-related behaviors and knowledge, experience about themselves, and periodontal health of parents, etc. Meanwhile, periodontal health indices of index teeth were examined, including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP), etc. Results·Of 570 subjects aged 16-26 who completed the survey, 79.82% never used dental floss, and 78.25% never underwent periodontal debridement. 50.25% of the index teeth had BOP, and only 0.70% of the subjects had no BOP. 81.05% of the subjects had some degree of periodontal attachment loss. Male students were more susceptible to periodontitis (P=0.027) and gingivitis (P=0.012) than female students. Conclusion·No new risk factors affecting the periodontal health are identified. Regular periodontal cleaning and protection are important for young people to prevent periodontitis.

Objective: To understand the relationship between perceived social support, psychological capital and job satisfaction, and analyze the mediating effect of psychological capital between perceived social support and job satisfaction. Methods: In 2017, June to July, we use cluster random sampling method to evaluate 888 medical staff from 5 hospitals in Jinan and Yantai in Shandong provience by Perceived Social Support Scale、PsyCap Questionnaire and MinnesotaSatisfaction Questionnaire. Results: Correlation analysis showed that perceived social support was significantly positively correlated with self-efficacy, hope, resilience, optimism and job satisfaction (r=0.42, 0.42, 0.56, 0.47, P<0.05) . There was a significant positive correlation between job satisfaction and self-efficacy, hope, resilience and optimism (r=0.45, 0.50, 0.43, 0.46, P< 0.05) . The structural equation model shows that hope and optimism play a significant partly mediating effect between perceived social support and job satisfaction. Conclusion Perceived social support is a positively predictive factor of job satisfaction in medical staff. The Increase of perceived social support and psychological capital are conducive to improving job satisfaction of medical staff's.

Objective To evaluate complete mesocolic excision in laparoscopy-assisted right hemicolon carcinoma radical resection. Methods Laparoscopy-assisted right hemicolon carcinoma radical resection with complete right-side mesocolic excision was performed in 36 cases between June 2010 and July 2011 at Zhongshan Hospital,Xiamen University. Results The operations were completed successfully without conversion to open surgery.The mean operative time was (134 ±22) min.The blood loss was (95 ±53 ) ml.The median number of total lymph nodes removed was 15.7.The average time for passage of flatus was (3.1 ± 1.2) d.The postoperative complications were observed in 6 of 36 cases (17％) including lymphatic fistulas in 4 patients,pulmonary infection in 1 patient and postoperative bleeding in 1 case.Conclusions Laparoscopy-assisted complete right-side mesocohc excision can be successfully performed for right hemicolon carcinoma,and the lymphoid tissue could be eliminated maximally.The long-term results need further evaluation.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of harmine on osteosarcoma cell proliferation and apoptosis by down regulating cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression.Methods Human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS was cultured in vitro and randomly divided into control group,study group 1,study group 2 and study group 3.The cells were cultured in 0,5 μmol/L,10 μmol/L and 20 μmol/L concentration of harmine for 48 hours.Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method and flow cytometry were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis.The expression level of COX-2,proliferation and apoptosis related proteins and mRNA were detected by Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR),respectively.Results After cultured with different concentrations of harmine for 12,24 hours and 48 hours,the cell viability of the three study groups were significantly lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05),while that of the study groups 2 and 3 were significantly lower than that of the study group 1 (P ＜ 0.05).The apoptosis rate of the three study groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (P ＜0.05),while that of the two groups were significantly higher than that of the study group 1 (P ＜ 0.05).After 48 hours of culture,the levels of COX-2,cyclin D1,proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA),B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein and mRNA expression in study group 2 were significantly lower than those in control group,while the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and BCL2-Associated X (Bax) in study group 2 were significantly higher than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Harmine can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting the expression of COX-2 and regulating the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis related protein.

Objective To investigate the attitude of PhD nursing students towards clinical work. Methods A qualitative research was made to ten full-time PhD students in nursing from six universities in a semi-structured interview,with the data so acquired analyzed using Colaizzi phenomenological methedology. Results Four themes were extracted from the analysis.They are their evaluation on nursing career and clinical work;their role in clinical work;their concerns for engaging in clinical work;and their expectations for clinical work.Conclusions Some of the nursing PhD students intend to engage in clinical nursing work after graduation, yet not without concerns, namely decent positions and career development.In this consideration,nursing administrators should take into full account of the students′career expectations and value their important role in this field.In addition, a scientific hierarchical management system should be established,suitable positions should be set up, and new fields of clinical nursing practice explored, in order to fully leverage their talents and promote disciplinary progress to the field of nursing.

Objective: To study the therapy of cordyceps-astragalus-salvia miltiorrhiza in treating acute lung injury and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis induced by paraquat poisoning. Methods: All 120 adult Wister male rats were randomly assigned to three groups, the paraquat poisoning group (rats were intragastric administration paraquat 50 mg/kg body weight once at the beginning) , the cordyceps-astragalus-salvia miltiorrhiza therapy group (rats were given cordyceps-astragalus-salvia miltiorrhiza 90 mg/kg body weight intragastric administration half an hour after paraquat was given, then the same dose was given once a day) ; control group (rats were intragastric administration with physiological saline) . At 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day rats were sacrificed postanesthetic respectively after paraquat exposure, sample of lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) , and venous blood were collected. GSH, SOD, TNF-α, TGF-β1, and HYP in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) , and the lung homogenates were determined. Optical microscope was performed to examine pathological changes in lung. Results: Each experimental time point paraquat group and the treatment group rats serum SOD content significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05) . Each experimental time point the treatment group rats serum SOD levels increased significantly than that of paraquat group (P<0.05) . Each experimental time point paraquat group rats serum GSH content significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05) . Treatment group rats 7 days time GSH content significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05) . Treatment group 21 days, 28 days GSH content was increased significantly than that of the paraquat group (P<0.05) . Each experimental time point paraquat group rats alveolar lavage SOD content was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05) . Treatment group 7 days, 14 days time SOD content was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05) , Treatment group 21 days, 28 days SOD content was increased significantly than that of the paraquat group (P<0.05) . Each experimental time point paraquat group and the treatment group rats alveolar lavage GSH content significantly were lower than that of the control group (P<0.05) . Treatment group days 14 and 21 days, 28 days GSH content was increased significantly than that of the paraquat group (P<0.05) . Each experimental time point paraquat group rats alveolar lavage TNF α levels was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05) . Treatment group 7 days, 14 days the rat alveolar lavage TNF α levels was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05) . Treatment group 21 days, 28 days TNF α content significantly was decreased than that of paraquat group (P<0.05) . Paraquat group days 14 and 21 days, 28 days HYP content was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05) . Treatment group 21 days HYP content was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05) . Treatment group 28 days time HYP content in lung tissue of rats was significantly decreased than that of the paraquat group (P<0.05) . Each experimental time point paraquat group rat lung tissue (tissue homogenate) TGF-β1 content was higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Under optical microscope, the tissue damage of lung was aggravated, and reduced after cordyceps-astragalus-salvia miltiorrhiza was administrated. Conclusion Cordyceps-astragalus-salvia miltiorrhiza can reduce inflammation factor releasing, and relieve lung injury. It has therapeutic effect on lung injury induced by paraquat poisoning.

Objective: To establish to paraquat poisoning acute lung injury animal model to study the therapeutic effect of Salvia polyphenols acid salt of paraquat-induced acute lung injury. Methods: Adult male Wister rats 120, were randomly divided into three groups: the paraquat exposure group, the start of the experiment to give a one-time 20% paraquat dope orally 50 mg/kg body weight of rats; salvianolate treatment group, the start of the experiment paraquat to give a one-time 20% the stock solution orally 50 mg/kg body weight of rats, and then given daily intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg body weight of rats salvianolate; blank control group was given the same amount normal saline. The exposure group, the treatment group and control group rats were sacrificed after anesthesia in the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st day from the beginning of the experiment respectively, and taken out and preserved venous blood specimens and lung tissue to be tested. Venous detection heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) , the lung tissue detection heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) , hydroxyproline (HYP) . And do biopsy specimens from some of the lung tissue, HE and Masson staining observed by optical microscope. Results: Compared with control group, model group 7, 14, 21 days had elevated levels of serum and lung tissue HO-1 (all P<0.05) ; Treatment group 3, 7, 14, 21 days increased (all P<0.05) , and 3, 7, 14 days is higher than the model group (compared with model group, P<0.05) . Compared with control group, treatment group 3 days and model group, 14, 21 days HYP content in lung tissue increased significantly (all P<0.05) ; 21 days, compared with model group, HYP content of treatment group reduce obviously, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Optical microscope observation, lung tissue damage and aggravated with the experimental increase in the number of days, inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar septal fibrosis gradually formed. The treatment group experimental animal lung tissue to reduce inflammation, lung fibrosis relief. Conclusion Paraquat (50 mg/kg body weight) to fill the stomach can be induced model of acute lung injury in the rats. The serum HO-1 expression and HO-1, HYP content in lung tissue increased obviously in model rats. Salvia miltiorrhiza polyphenols acid salt to a certain degree and stage influenced the expression of HO-1 and HYP, relieve acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis, has certain curative effect in the treatment of paraquat poisoning.

Extended inflammation and cytokine production pathogenically contribute to a number of inflammatory disorders. Formosanin C (FC) is the major diosgenin saponin  found in herb Paris formosana Hayata (Liliaceae), which has been shown to exert anti-cancer and immunomodulatory functions. In this study, we aimed to investigate anti-inflammatory activity of FC and the underlying molecular mechanism. RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or pretreated with FC prior to being stimulated with LPS. Thereafter, the macrophages were subjected to analysis of the expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6, as well as two relevant enzymes, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The analysis revealed that FC administration blunted LPS-induced production of NO and PGE in a dose-dependent manner, while the expression of iNOS and COX-2 at both mRNA and protein levels was inhibited in LPS-stimulated macrophages pre-treated with FC. Moreover, LPS stimulation upregulated mRNA expression and medium release of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, whereas this effect was blocked upon FC pre-administration. Mechanistic studies showed that inhibitory effects of FC on LPS-induced inflammation were associated with a downregulation of IκB kinase, IκB, and p65/NF-κB pathway. Taken together, these data suggest that FC possesses an inflammation-suppressing activity, thus being a potential agent for the treatment of inflammation-associated disorders.