Objective To determine the prevalence of the polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTM3 genes in target population in Guangdong province and to investigate the linkage between the two genes and their association with the family history distribution of the target population. Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction (PCR)-2% agarose gel electrophoresis and PCR-12% PAGE electrophoresis approaches were employed to detect the genotype of the GSTM1 and GSTM3. The data was analyzed with SPSS10.0 software. Results The frequency of GSTM1(-) genotype was 56.8%(n=597). The frequency of genotype of GSTM3*A-*A,*A-*B,*B-*B were 62.3%,25.8%,11.9% respectively. Conclusion A linkage between the GSTM1 and GSTM3 gene is showed in the present paper. The analysis of logistic regression shows that the expression of homozygote for GSTM3*B-*B gene is correlated with the family history of coronary heart disease in the target population.

Objective To observe the toxicity of diesel exhaust particles extracts(DEPE) on V79 cell in cell viability, membrane and oxidative stress. Methods Cell exposed different concentrations of DEPE for different time , the change of cell viability, the leakage of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), intracellular glutathione(GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)content were determined respectively, and analyzed the relation between GSH and GPX. Results The results showed that the viability of V79 cell decreased and the leakage rate of lactate dehydrogenase increased gradually in according with the increasing dosage of DEPE,and that DEPE could impair V79 cell by oxidative stress, included intracellular GSH content decreased and the activity of GPX increased, indicating that GPX might play a important role in DEPE induced GSH depletion. Conclusion DEPE may impair cell viability and the cell membrane integrity, also impair cell by oxidative stress.

Objective To explore the effects of prenatal exposure to lead on learning and memory of rats' offspring. Methods The pregnant rats were randomly divided into 4 groups provided with double evaporated water, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L lead acetate solution via drinking water respectively. The lead-exposure period for exposure groups was limited from the 1st day after pregnancy to the 20th day when the offspring began to be weaned. For learning ability 20-day old offspring were tested by water maze. For active learning and memory ability, the 20-day old, 40-day old and 60-day old offspring were tested by Y maze. Results The frequency of the mistakes in water maze made by offspring increased with the increase of the prenatal lead-exposure doses of their mothers and showed significantly higher levels in 100 and 200 mg/L groups compared with that of control group (P0.05). But the qualified rates of 0-min and 24-h escape for 100 and 200 mg/L groups showed sigificantly lower levels compared with that of control group when they were 60-day old (P

Objective To investigate the distribution of genetic polymorphisms of human glutathione-S-transferase P1 and M1(GSTP1 and GSTM1) in Hakka population of Meizhou area in South China. Methods Co-amplifying GSTM1 and ?-Globin gene to detect the absence or presence of the GSTM1 gene, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) were used to identify the genotypes of GSTP1 gene,and the data were analyzed with SPSS10.0 software. Results The GSTP1 and GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms were examined in 512 samples. The frequency of null genotype of GSTM1 gene was 62.1%, while the frequency of GSTP1 A/A, GSTP1 A/G and GSTP1 G/G were 69.1%, 28.2% and 2.7% respectively, and the GSTP1 genetic polymorphism distribution was in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium rule. A significant difference was observed in GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms between drinkers and non-drinkers. The drinkers had higher frequency of absence GSTM1 gene. There was also a significant difference in the GSTP1 genetic polymorphisms between smoking group and non-smoking group. Compared with non-smokers, the smokers had a higher frequency of mutate genotype of GSTP1 gene and lower frequency of wild genotype. However there were no differences shown on the frequency of the GSTP1 genotypes in the aspect of cumulative tobacco consumption. Logistic regression analysis results showed that there was a weak association between the GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms and family history of hypertension. Conclusion There are significant differences in the GSTP1 genetic polymorphisms among different smoking status and in GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms between drinkers and non-drinkers. A weak association has been observed between the GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms and family history of hypertension.

BACKGROUND:Intertrochanteric fracture is one of the common fracture, and accompanied by osteoporosis and high energy injury. The fracture line often descended, and induced A3 intertrochanteric fracture. This type of fracture is difficult to treat. Common intramedulary fixation includes proximal femoral nail anti-rotation and InterTan, which have high stability, are minimaly invasive, and have been extensively used. OBJECTIVE: To compare the biomechanical stability of A3 intertrochanteric fracture fixed with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation and InterTan by finite element analysis. METHODS:Three three-dimensional finite element models of the AO3.1, AO3.2 and AO3.3 intertrochanteric fracture fixed with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation and InterTan were established. Fixation was completed according to the requirement of Department of Orthopedics. Stress distribution of femur and fixator of different models was observed. Stress peak at different areas was compared in femur and fixation models. Biomechanical stability was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The maximum pressure concentration area in AO3.1 intertrochanteric fracture with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation was located in the lateral proximal femur, and with Intertan was located in the medial proximal femur. The AO3.2 had little differences between two types of nails. The AO3.3 intertrochanteric fracture with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation was located in the medial proximal femur and the medial distal implant. There was no significant pressure concentration with InterTan. The von Mises pressure of six models was concentrated in the medial distal implant, and higher maximum von Mises pressure was found in the proximal femoral nail anti-rotation. There was significant difference of von Mises distribution between the lateral and medial implant with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation. Except the AO3.3 intertrochanteric fracture with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation, the maximum pressures of remaining models were located in the main nail and interlocking nail infal. These results concluded that the fracture fixed with InterTan exhibited fine fixation stability in the AO3.1 and AO3.3 intertrochanteric fracture. There was no significant difference of fixation stability between proximal femoral nail anti-rotation and InterTan in AO3.2. The von Mises distribution of InterTan for intertrochanteric fracture is more reasonable.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the associations of genetic polymorphisms in GSTs genes of the Hakka population of south China with family histories of certain chronic diseases.

METHODSFive hundred and thirty-nine healthy Hakka natives of Meizhou city of Guangdong province in south China were involved. The genotypes of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GSTM3, and GSTA1 were determined using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The observed polymorphisms were analyzed by Chi-square and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associations of the distributions of GST genotypes with family history of certain chronic diseases.

RESULTSThe distributions of polymorphisms in GSTP1, GSTM3, and GSTA1 conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Compared to the Cantonese, the Hakka had a lower distribution of the GSTM3 deletion genotype (3.15% vs. 11.9%). A weak association was observed between the GSTM1 genetic polymorphism and family history of hypertension. Alcohol drinkers had a higher frequency of the null-GSTM1 genotype, while smokers had a higher frequency of a variant GSTP1 genotype.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that the Hakka is a special and distinctive Han Chinese ethnic group with different GSTs genetic polymorphisms. Smoking and drinking might be related to the distribution of GST genotypes.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alcohol Drinking ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; ethnology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; Humans ; Hypertension ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Smoking ; genetics ; Young Adult

Autoimmune or infectious diseases often instigate the undesirable damages to tissues or organs to trigger immune-related diseases, which involve plenty of immune cells, pathogens and autoantibodies. Nanomedicine has a great potential in modulating immune system. Particularly, biomimetic nanomodulators can be designed for prevention, diagnosis and therapy to achieve a better targeted immunotherapy. With the development of materials science and bioengineering, a wide range of membrane-coated nanomodulators are available. Herein, we summarize recent advancements of bioinspired membrane-coated nanoplatform for systemic protection against immune-related diseases including autoimmune and infectious diseases. We also rethink the challenges or limitations in the progress of the therapeutic nanoplatform, and discuss the further application of the nanomodulators in the view of translational medicine for combating immune-related diseases.