Cytomegalovirus ; genetics ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; virology ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the method of reducing error in estimating postmortem interval (PMI). METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-six solved murder cases from 2003 January to 2013 January in Changzhou and Nanjing City were collected, The PMI of all cases was estimated by traditional method and then compared with the real PMI obtained after the cases were solved. The cases were grouped according to the PMI, the accuracy was calculated, and the reasons of suboptimal PMI were analyzed. RESULTS: The accuracies of early PMI (less than 12h and 13-24 h) were 90% and 89%, respectively; while the accuracies of late PMI (1-7 d, 1-2 weeks, 3-4 weeks, 1-6 months, 7-12 months and 1-5 years) decreased over time, being 79%, 76%, 83%, 79%, 60% and 50%, respectively. The common reasons of estimating error included improper inference methods, water submerged body, extreme temperature, lack of objective evidence, intentionally abandoned body, and changed or destroyed scene, etc. CONCLUSION The multiple index data can reduce the error in estimating PMI.
Autopsy ; Cause of Death ; Forensic Pathology/methods* ; Homicide ; Humans ; Postmortem Changes ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons ; Temperature ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and endoscopic surgical intervention for small steoma of nasal sinuses causing nasal and facial pain. METHOD: A retrospective review was performed on 21 patients with nasal and facial pain caused by small osteoma of nasal sinuses, and nasal endoscopic surgery was included in the treatment of all cases. RESULT: The nasal and facial pain of all the patients was relieved. Except for one ase exhibiting periorbital bruise after operation, the other patients showed no postoperative complications. CONCLUSION Nasal and facial pain caused by small osteoma of nasal sinuses was clinically rare, mostly due to the neuropathic pain of nose and face caused by local compression resulting from the expansion of osteoma. Early diagnosis and operative treatment can significantly relieve nasal and facial pain.
Endoscopy ; Face ; Facial Pain ; Humans ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; Osteoma ; surgery ; Paranasal Sinuses ; pathology ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To investigate the surgical treatment and clinical outcome of patients with intracranial posterior circulation poor-grade aneurysms. Methods The clinical data of 35 patients with intracranial posterior circulation poor-grade aneurysms were collected. Seventeen patients were World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade IV and 18 patients were WFNS grade V. Twenty- nine patients were definitively treated with open microsurgery treatment(2 patients) and endovascular treatment (27 patients). Six patients received conservative treatment, including 4 patients only receiving external ventricular drainage to decrease intracranial pressure and 2 patients only receiving medical treatment. The nerve function were evaluated by Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at discharge from hospital and 1 and 12 months after operation. Results In the patients who received conservative treatment, 5 patients were dead in hospital, and 1 patient got good outcome after 12 months. In the patients who received surgical treatment, at discharge from hospital good outcome were achieved in 15 patients (51.7%), poor outcome in 9 patients (31.0%), and death happened in 5 patients (17.2%). At 1 month after operation, good outcomes were achieved in 14 patients (48.3%), poor outcome in 9 patients (31.0%), and death happened in 6 patients (20.7%). At 12 months after operation, good outcome were achieved in 18 patients (62.1%), poor outcome in 5 patients (17.2%), and death happened in 6 patients (20.7%). Conclusions Patients with posterior circulation poor-grade aneurysms have better prognosis after positive surgical treatment.

Objective To explore the relationship between insluin resistance(IR)and plasma fibrinogen, blood lipids levels in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GMD).Methods Totally 127cases pregnant women in their 24 -28 gestational weeks were divided into GDM group(n =37),gestational impaired glucose tolerance test (GIGT)group(n =30)and normal glucose tolerance(NGT)group(n =60)based on the American Diabetes Associ-ation(ADA)2009 GDMdiagnostic standards.All selected cases's height,weight,fasting blood glucose (FBG),fasting insulin (FIN),blood lipids and fibrinogen(FIB)level were tested,and their body mass index(BMI)and IR index (HOMA -IR)were calculated.Results During the mid -trimester,the levels of BMI,FIB,HOMA -IR,FBG,FIN, triglyceride (TG),cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein -cholesterol (LDL -C)in the GDM group were signifi-cantly higher than the GIGT and NGT groups.However,high density lipoprotein -cholesterol (HDL -C)was signifi-cantly lower (F =69.29,98.15,70.32、141.43、61.92,106.06,157.06,90.59,25.25,all P <0.01).FIB was sig-nificantly positively correlated with BMI,FBG,FIN,HOMA -IR,TC,TG,LDL - C (r =0.441,0.682,0.506, 0.599,0.493,0.591,0.633,all P <0.01 ),and negatively correlated with HDL -C(r =-0.419,P <0.01 ).Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that BMI,LDL -C,FBG and TG were independent risk factors affect-ing FIB(t =7.683,2.678,3.184,3.844,all P <0.01);FIB,BMI,FBG,FIN and TC were independent risk factors influencing HOMA -IR(t =68.784,3.201,29.702,58.100,2.904,all P <0.01).Conclusion Pregnant women have IR and blood lipid disorders during the mid -trimester,the overexpression of FIB is closely related to it.

Purpose To investigate the feasibility of 30 ml low-dose contrast medium in reducing the accumulation of contrast medium in venous system while maintaining enough artery enhancement in 256-slice CT angiography (CTA) of intracranial and cervical arteries.Materials and Methods Sixty patients with head and neck CTA were recruited prospectively,and they were randomly divided into group A and group B.The scan parameters of the two groups were identical,but the protocol of contrast medium injection was different.Group A was injected 60 ml contrast medium and 30 ml saline successively with the rate of 4.0 ml/s.Group B was injected 30 ml contrast medium and 50 ml saline successively with the rate of 5.0 ml/s.CT attenuation values of aortic arch,common carotid artery,subclavian artery,cerebral middle artery,superior vena cava,innominate vein,subclavian vein,internal jugular vein were measured,and the image quality was evaluated.Results The average CT values of superior vena cava,right innominate vein,right subclavian vein in two groups had significant differences (P＜0.05).The average CT values of left brachial vein,left subclavian vein,left and right internal jugular vein in two groups had no significant differences (P＞0.05).The average CT values of aortic arch,left and right common carotid artery,left and right subclavian artery,left and right cerebral middle artery in two groups had significant differences (P＜0.05).The scores of image quality in two groups also had significant difference (P＜0.05).Conclusion Head-and-neck CTA with 30 ml low-dose contrast medium is feasible and the images are satisfactory for diagnosis,which can reduce the dose of contrast medium and accumulation of contrast medium in venous system,while maintaining enough artery enhancement.

0.05)except that the tmax of the testing preparation was faster than that of the control drug.The relative bioavailability of the testing drug was(93.83?15.21)%.CONCLUSION:The AUC0～24,AUC0～∞and Cmax of 2 preparations are similar,but there is a significant difference in tmax.

OBJECTIVE:To focus on the phenomenon of medication socialization.METHODS:Referenced by the related literature,different social factors affecting medication socialization were analyzed from the perspective of social pharmacy.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The social factors affecting medication socialization were patients,pharmaceutical enterprises,governmental regulatory agencies,pharmacologists,new technologies,hospitals,doctors etc.To prevent medication from over-socialization effectively,medical professionals’roles should be brought into full play,people’s consciousness of rational drug use should be strengthened,enterprises’attention to the social effects should be emphasized,and governmental supervi-sion should be strengthened,meanwhile correct public opinion orientations should be followed.

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Clerodendrum ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; Urinary Tract Infections ; drug therapy

Brain ; pathology ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male