Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Fosfomycin trometamol(FMT)versus Norfloxacin(FPA)in elderly diabetic patients with acute urological tract infections.Methods From Jan.2012 to Mar.2013,eighty-six patients with uncomplicated and complicated urinary tract infection were randomized into FMT group(n =43)and FPA group(n =43).Patients in both groups were balanced with regard to baseline urinary tract symptoms,fever,leukocytosis,positive urinary culture and disease type(P＞0.05).Patients received FMT 3 g daily and Norfloxacin 0.4 g twice daily for a week.Extended treatment was given to 35 patients not cured within a week.Total treatment course should not exceed two weeks.Patient's symptoms,signs,complete blood count,urinalysis,urine culture,pharmacological sensitivity tests,renal and liver function tests were performed.Results After one week of FMT treatment,28(65.1％)cases were cured and 10 cases were improved(1 was with abnormal urinalysis,9 had positive urine culture).In total,in 38(88.4％)patients treatment was as effective;In FPA group,23(53.5％)were cured and 7 cases were improved(7 had positive urine culture).In total,there were 30(69.8％)patients classified as effective.Difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05 =.After 2 weeks of FMT treatment,38(88.4％)cases were cured and 2 patients were improved(1 was with abnormal urinalysis,1 had positive urine culture).In total,40(93.0％)patients were classified as effective.In FPA group,25(58.1％)cases were cured and in 8 patients were improved(8 had positive urine culture).In total,there were 33(76.7％)patients classified as effective;Difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05 =.Bacterial clearance rate in FMT and FPA group was 88.9％ and 72.7％,respectively.Difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05 =.The adverse reaction rates were 9.3％ and 14.0％,respectively.Difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusions FMT is an effective and safe antibiotic in the treatment of urinary tract infections in elderly diabetic patients.

Objective In order to choose the best surgical approach for minimally trauma varicocelectomy color Doppler ultrasound(CDU) was used to detect the anatomic relationships of spermatic vein in groin. Methods Sixty varicocele patients were randomly selected. Their spermatic veins were examined by CDU which beginning from superficial inguinal ring,passing the crossing point of spermatic vein and femoral artery ,and ending at the 3cm above the deep inguinal ring. The depths from skin to spennatic vein were measured and the relationships between spermatic vein and femoral artery were recorded. Results The average length of incision is 2.1cm and the average duration of operation is 22 minutes. The average depth from skin to spermatic vein was 1.1cm,1.55cm and 3.56cm respectively at the site of the superficial inguinal ring,the crossing point of spermatic vein and femoral artery,and the deep ingui-nal ring. Conclusion The best approach for minimally trauma varicocelectomy is at the crossing point of spermatic vein and femoral artery because here the spermatic vein is relative superficial and has merged into two or three vessels and the femoral artery can be easily touched by fingers.

Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of ureteral cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis of 24 cases of primary ureteral cancer treated from January 1990 to March 2005 was performed.The diagnostic value of ultrasound,IVU,CT,MRU and the patients' outcomes were reviewed. There were 19 males and 5 females aged 38-72 years(mean,59 years).The tumors were on the left side in 16 cases and on the right in 8.Of the 24 cases,17(71%)had gross hematuria and 7(29%)had micro- scopic hematuria.Urine cytology was performed in 16 cases with a positive rate of 6.3%.B-ultrasonic exami- nation showed hydronephrosis in 19 cases(79%)and low-echo space-occupying disease of middle-inferior ureter in 3(12%).IVU demonstrated hydronephrosis in 20 cases(83%)and filling defect of the diseased ureter in 3(12%).Retrograde pyelography showed filling defect of the diseased ureter in 16(76%)of 21 cases(5 cases had failure of intubation).CT scan was performed in 20 cases,indicating thickening of the ureteral wall and infiltration of the cancer in 14(70%).In 3 cases who had undergone spiral CT thin layer scan and 1 of 3 cases who had undergone MRU,the definite diagnosis was made.Results All the 24 pa- tients underwent surgical treatment.Among them,nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff or partial resection were performed in 18 cases,and nephrectomy and partial ureterectomy in 6 cases.Postoperative pathology showed transitional cell carcinoma in 23 cases,and adenoma in 1.Of the 14 cases during 1990-1999 peri- od,1,5,3,2,2 and 1 cases had survival time of 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 years,respectively.Of the 10 cases during 2000-2005 period,3 were lost to follow-up;2 survived for 3 years and 2,for 1 year;the other 3 who have survived near 5 years have been followed till now.Conclusions IVU and retrograde urography are the most common diagnostic measures for primary ureteral cancer.They can be used in combination with other imaging study to reduce missed diagnosis rate.The 5-year survival rate was lower because of late pathologic stage of the tumors in the patients of this series.

To develop a LC-MS/MS method for the determination of five kinds of trace ginkgolic acids in diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection materials, the column was Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse plus C18 (3.0 mm x 50 mm, 1.8 µm), and the mobile phase consisted of methanol-water (containing 0.2% formic acid) (95:5) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL · min(-1). The multiple reaction ion monitoring (MRM) with an ESI interface in the negative ion mode was selected. The results showed that the linear ranges of five kinds of ginkgolic acids were in the range of 0.2-36.0 µg · L(-1) (r ≥ 0.999 5). The lowest limit of quantification (LOQ) of ginkgo acid C13: 0, C15:1, C17:2, C15:0 and C17:1 were 0.18, 0.18, 0.21, 0.10 and 0.20 µg · L(-1), respectively. The average recovery was between 73.28% and 87.56%, and the average content of total ginkgolic acids in three batches of samples was in the range of 0.023-0.028 µg · g(-1), which was much lower than 2 µg · g(-1) prescribed in drug registration standards. This method is simple and rapid with high sensitivity, which can be used for the determination of five kinds of trace ginkgolic acids in diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection materials.
Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Ginkgolides ; analysis ; Injections ; Limit of Detection ; Salicylates ; analysis ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

Objective To explore the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) on the survival of patients after radical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Between March 2007 and March 2010,229 HCC patients who underwent radical resection were retrospectively studied.Patients who underwent resection alone were used as the control group (138 patients) while those who received post-operative adjuvant TACE was used as the interventional group.In order to balance the covariates between the groups,a matched comparison of the patients was done by selecting patients using the propensity score matching (PSM).Then,the efficacy of adjuvant TACE upon survival was evaluated.Results After PSM,we obtained 67 pairs of patients.The survival time for the interventional and the control groups were 32.1 months and 28.3 months respectively.The survival rates at year 1,2,3 post-resection were 94.0％,84.8％ and 75.3％ in the interventional group versus 83.6％,69.9％ and 61.5％ in the control group respectively.There were no significant differences between the two groups (P =0.062).Univariate analysis showed the serum level of AFP,tumor size,number of tumor,BCLC stage,and adjuvant TACE significantly affected the survival of HCC patients who received radical resection (P ＜0.05).Cox model suggested that AFP≥400 μg/L and tumor diameter ＞ 5 cm were independent risk factors of survival for HCC patients who received radical resection (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Postoperative adjuvant TACE had no positive effect on survival,and AFP level ≥ 400 μg/L and tumor size ＞5 cm were independent risk factors of survival of HCC patients who received radical resection.

Objective To enhance the oral bioavailability of breviscapine and investigate the feasibility of preparing the proliposome of breviscapine by fluidized bed coating method. Methods The fluidized bed coating method was used to prepare breviscapine proliposome and ultrafiltration-HPLC was applied to determination of the encapsulation efficiency. The influence factors on encapsulation efficiency including carriers, drug-lipid weight ratio, inlet air temperature, spray rate, and spray air volume were investigated. Results When the carrier was sorbitol and the drug-lipid weight ratio was under 1∶3, the encapsulation efficiency could be higher. Inlet air temperature, spray rate, and spray air volume had some effects on the encapsulation efficiency. By the method, the fluidity of the proliposome granules was well and the particle size distribution ratio of them was uniform; the mean particle size of liposomal formulation of breviscapine after rehydration was 98 nm, and the encapsulation efficiency was (63.1?2.8)% (n=3). Conclusion It is feasible to prepare the breviscapine proliposome with fluidized bed coating method.

Objective To explore the clinical outcomes of locking plate fixation of intertrochanteric fractures in patients with deformed proximal femur.Methods A retrospective review was made of the 25 patients with intertrochanteric fracture and deformed proximal femur who had been treated from January 2009 to July 2015.They were 17 men and 8 women,from 22 to 76 years of age (mean,45.2 years).The proximal femoral deformities were postpoliomyelitis syndrome in 6 cases,fibrous dysplasia in 4,malunion in 13,and hip varus caused by implant breakage following intramedullary nailing in 2.By AO classification,there were 4 cases of type 31-A2.1,3 ones of type 31-A2.2,16 ones of type 31-A3.1,and 2 ones of type 31-A3.2.All the patients were treated by open reduction plus locking plate fixation.At the final follow-up,function of the affected hip was evaluated by the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS),and quality of life of the patients was evaluated using the SF-36 health survey questionnaire.Results The 25 patients were effectively followed up for 12 to 24 months (mean,17.4 months).No infection,pneumonia,fat embolism,or deep venous thrombosis of lower limb was observed.The fractures healed without nonunion or refracture after a mean time of 5.9 months (range,from 3 to 6 months) in the 25 patients.By the HOOS evaluation at the final follow-ups,the 25 patients scored,on average,83.7± 15.6 in pain,55.6± 14.1 in symptoms,53.6 ± 9.5 in daily living function,52.7 ± 8.9 in sports and recreational activities and 62.4 ± 12.3 in quality of life;by SF-36 evaluation,they had a mean total score of 71.2 ± 13.8.Both the HOOS and SF-36 scores were not significantly different from the pre-injury values (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Locking plate fixation is a simple and effective way for the intertrochanteric fractures complicated with deformed proximal femur because intramedullary nailing is difficult or infeasible.

The concept of relieving exterior-interior syndrome combined with diaphoretic,harmonizing,clearing and purga-tive method is put forward for the treatment of influenza,which can be divided into the common syndrome and deteriorated syndrome based on syndrome differentiation.This preliminary scheme provides new thoughts and methods for treating influen-za from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine.

This paper summarized the recent 30 years research progress of the chemical constituents from Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix. The chemical constituents from Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix mainly consist of coumarins, polyene-polyacetylenes, sesquiterpenes, phenolic acids, while steroids and flavonoids were less reported. All constituents were confirmed and corrected through SciFinder. We also checked the Chinese name and English name and listed the CAS number of each compound. It can provide some guidelines for the research, development and utilization of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix in the future. Whether there is columbianin in the Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix need to be further researched.
Apiaceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Rhizome ; chemistry

This study is to establish an UPLC fingerprint of Resina Draconis from different manufacturers, which can provide a comprehensive evaluation for its quality control. The analysis was performed on a Phenomenex Kinetex 2.6 μ C18 100A column by agradientelution program with acetonitrile-water as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.7 mL x min(-1). The column temperature was 40 degrees C and the detection wavelengthwas 280 nm. The fingerprints of 18 batches of Draconis Resina were further evaluated by chemometrics methods including similarity analysis (SA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). As a result, there were 15 common peaks, 13 of which had been identified by LC-Q-TOF MS, and the similarity degrees of 15 batches of the samples was more than 0.9, and the samples were divided into 4 clusters by their quality difference. The method is reproducible, simple and reliablethat it can be used for quality control and evaluation of Resina Draconis from different manufacturers.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Dracaena ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Principal Component Analysis ; Quality Control