Cellulase system contains a series of complex components.There are still some problems remained unclear in cellulase and its mechanism of hydrolyzing lignocellulosic materials and its hydrolysis kinetics,so profound study is needed.The rapid development of many kinds of new interdiscipline such as biochemistry,molecular biology and gene engineering,has further clarified the structure and function of cellulase,and the relationshi Pof its gene expression and regulation,and furthermore resulted in derivative study methods about cellulase in more aspects.Cellulase system components according to synergistic catalytic mode and the sequence of the homology amino acids similarity,summarizes traditional detection methods of enzyme components,and emphasizes on research progress of various biosensors applied in detection of cellulase activity and gene expression was introduced.

BACKGROUND: Our team has built finite element dynamic bone models of different parts, but how to ensure the model’s precision and effectiveness, there still needs further study.OBJECTIVE: To provide accurate biomechanics model of Digital Human. METHODS: The CT data of Virtual Chinese Human --the male No.1 (VCH-M1) were imported into the MIMICS13.1 software authorized by the Materialise Company, and then the outcome document was entered into the ABAQUS6.7 software to perform finite element analysis. The result was observed and then the effectiveness of the models was tested. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The “.lis” document was chosen in the finite element analysis software ABAQUS6.7. Three dimension models of cervicalt were acquired. The model has 10 465 panel points and 52 752 units. It is verified that this model is effective. Results confirmed that the biomechanics model of Digital Human can be calculated for meeting the revolutionary requirement of the future digital medical science.

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the expression level and clinical significance of serum liver fibrosis-associated lncRNA1 (lnc-LFAR1) in patients with chronic hepatitis B cirrhosis, aiming to analyze its correlation with interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and liver function. Methods　Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) cirrhosis and CHB diagnosed and treated in Dongguan City People's Hospital from March 2016 to December 2019 were selected and divided into the liver cirrhosis group (n=80) and the CHB group (n=80), and 80 healthy people with physical examination during the same period were selected as healthy group. The serum levels of lnc-LFAR1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), albumin (ALB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and liver function indicators, including albumin (ALB) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured and analyzed. The correlation between serum lnc-LFAR1 expression level and IL-6, IL-1β was assessed, and the levels of lnc-LFAR1, IL-6, IL-1β, ALB and ALT were compared among patients with CHB cirrhosis of different Child-Pugh grades. Results The serum levels of lnc-LFAR1, IL-6, IL-1β and ALT in the patients with liver cirrhosis [(1.85± 0.62), (41.76±13.92) ng/mL, (7.78±1.95) pg/mL, (148.37±29.67) U/L] were higher than those in the CHB group [(1.42±0.47), (23.56± 7.85) ng/mL, (5.42±1.41) pg/mL, (87.59±17.52) U/L] and the healthy group [(1.01±0.34), (6.70±2.23) ng/mL, (3.13± 0.78) pg/mL, (15.44±3.10) U/L] (P<0.05), while the ALB levels (30.54±3.82) g/L were lower than those in the CHB group (37.27±4.34) g/L and the healthy group (45.26±5.66) g/L (P<0.05). Serum lnc-LFAR1, IL-6, IL-1β and ALT levels in the CHB group were higher than those in the healthy group (P<0.05), and ALB levels were lower than those in the healthy group (P<0.05); the serum levels of lnc-LFAR1, IL-6, IL-1β in patients with CHB cirrhosis were negatively correlated with ALB (P<0.05), and positively correlated with ALT (P<0.05); the serum expression level of lnc-LFAR1 in patients with CHB cirrhosis was positively correlated with IL-6 and IL-1β (r=0.598, 0.571, P<0.05); with the increase of Child-Pugh grade, the serum levels of lnc-LFAR1, IL-6, IL-1β, and ALT in patients with CHB cirrhosis gradually increased (P<0.05), and the level of ALB gradually decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions Serum lnc-LFAR1 expression level is higher in patients with CHB cirrhosis, which is obviously related to IL-6, IL-1β, ALB and ALT. Therefore, the evaluation of serum lnc-LFAR1 expression level is helpful in the clinical assessment of the condition of CHB cirrhosis patients.

Objective:To study the effectiveness and safety of different acupuncture therapies in treating Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)after Wenchuan‘5.12’earthquake.And choose a desirable acupuncture therapy.Methods:A total of 276 patients were recruited in this trial and randomly divided into four groups:scalp electric acupuncture group(group A),scalp electric acupuncture with moxibustion group(group B),scalp electric acupuncture with auricular acupuncture group(group C)and paroxetine hydrochloride group(group D).Each group was treated for 12 weeks.Patients were scored using Clinicianadministered Scale for DSM-IV(CAPS),Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD),and Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA).Results:The study was finished well with a balanced grouping and fine baseline.After the analysis of integrations of CAPS,HAMD,and HAMA,we found that the score differences before and after the treatment were of statistical significance in all four groups(P

Objective To investigate the operation technique, feasibility and clinical outcome of endoscopic clearance of axillary lymph node with liposuction(E-ALNC) in 32 patients with breast cancer. Methods From January 2005 to December 2008, a total of 32 patients with breast cancer were treated with E-ALNC.The clinical data of the patients were analyzed retrospectively and compared with those of 46 patients who have undergone traditional axillary lymph node clearance(T-ALNC)during the same period. Results Both groups were Ⅰ～Ⅱ breast cancer. There were no interim open surgery, massive bleeding, subcutaneous emphysema,fat embolism and other complications in E-ALNC. There was no significant difference between E-ALNC and T-ALNC in lymph number removed(15.5 in E-ALNC) and operation time(80 min in E-ALNC). But there was less bleeding (380ml) and lower postoperation complication rate in E-ALNC. Conclusions The E-ALNC and T-ALNC can have the same effect in the breast conserving surgery.The method makes patients attain a physiological and psychological minimal invasiveness. Besides assuring the quality of axillary lymph node clearance, the method can reduce the occurrence of surgical complication and improve the patients'life quality. E-ALNC can replace the routine surgery and can be carried out in the qualified hospitals.

Objective: To establish a multiplex PCR-microarray method for detecting important enteropahogens.Methods: Uniplex and multiplex PCR were performed to obtain the best primer sets for identifying the target bacteria at species and multi-species level.Fluorescent dyes were mixed into PCR reaction to determine whether it can affect the efficiency of amplification.To improve the efficiency of microarray,a 35 pairs primer-labeling system was optimized based on the hybridization results to find the best combination to avoid false negative results.Results: Specific PCR products were all obtained using species-specific primer sets.More preferential amplification may happen when more primer pairs were added to the reaction.The hybridization results showed a positive association between the efficiency of multiplex-PCR and signal intensity.Conventional PCR yielded more products than fluorescent dyes labeled PCR.Thirty-five primers were divided into three different combinations to label target respectively,hybridization results showed a high specificity.Conclusion: Mixing fluorescent dyes into PCR may reduce the efficiency of amplification and hybridization,but may have no effect on the analysis of hybridization results.The hybridization efficiency of microarray depends on the amplification efficiency of multiplex PCR.For microarray target labeling,three primer sets could be used to avoid negative hybridization led by preferential amplification of multiplex-PCR.It indicates that the multiplex PCR-microarray method is an attractive diagnosis tool for the high-throughput identification of enteropathogenic organisms especially for multiple causative agents and epidemiological investigations.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of 3-(4-~(18)F-fluorobenzyl)-8,9-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrochromeno [3,4-c]pyridin-5-one ( is F-FDTP) as a potential dopamine D4 receptor PET imaging agent.Methods ~(18)F-FDTP solution in ethanol-physiological saline was incubated with calf serum to test its in vitro stability through the determination of radiochemical purity.Normal rats were injected intravenously with ~(18)F-FDTP and then sacrificed at 2,5,10,15,30,60 and 120 min after anesthesia.Blood,organs and brain tissue samples were collected.All samples were weighed and measured for radioactivity.The uptake of samples was expressed as percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue ( % ID/g).Results The stability of ~(18)F-FDTP was satisfactory and its radiochemical purity was above 95% after incubation 120 min at 37℃ in calf serum.The biodistribution showed that ~(18)F-FDTP could penetrate through the blood-brain barrier and selectively accumulate in striatum,hypothalamus,frontal certex,hippocampus,cerebellum,where the D_4 receptor was reportedly located.The radioactivities in hippocampus,hypothalamus,striatum,frontal cortex,cerebellum,pons were (0.42±0.03),(0.46±0.05),(0.54±0.04),(0.39±0.04),(0.45±0.06),(0.35±0.04) %ID/g,respectively,2 min post injection.And there was difference between the normal biodistribution results and the blocking experimental results:(0.36 ±0.05),( 0.33±0.05 ),(0.55±0.05 ),(0.30±0.07 ),(0.34±0.07 ) and (0.32±0.04) % ID/g in hippocampus,hypothalamus,striatum,frontal cortex,cerebellum and pons,respectively.Conclusions ~(18)F-FDTP can penetrate through the blood-brain barrier and selectively accumulate in striatum,hypothalamus,frontal cortex,hippocampus,cerebellum,where the D_4 receptor was known to concentrate.These preliminary results suggest that ~(18)F-FDTP is a potential dopamine D_4 receptor imaging agent and further studies are needed.

Objective To investigate the current status of endemic fluorosis in Shandong province,and to provide a scientific basis for the development of preventive strategies.Methods In accordance with the requirements of the national Technical Implementation Plan for Endcmic Disease Control Project in 2009 and Drinking-Water-Borne Endemic Fluorosis Monitoring Program (trial),ten counties were selected to carry out the epidemiological investigation,to understand the progress and the effect of the water improvement projects; three villages were selected in each county,to determine fluoride content of drinking water,to check dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 and skeletal fluorosis of adults over the age of 25.Water fluoride content was determined by fluoride ion selective electrode method,children dental fluorosis was diagnosed with Dean method and adults skeletal fluorosis by the National Standard for Diagnosis of Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis (WS 192-2008).Results There were a total of 687 improved-water defluoridation projects of the 10 counties,the improved-water rate was 83.34％ (3247/3896).The investigation was taken place in 84 improved-water projects of the 10 counties,the projects running normally accounted for 98.81％ (83/84); 41 projects had water fluoride concentration ≤1.20 mg/L,and the pass rate was 48.81％(41/84),with the maximum water fluoride as 5.76 mg/L.In the 26 villages with improved-water projects of the 10 counties,villages with a mean water fluoride ≤ 1.20 mg/L were 15,which accounted for 57.69％ (15/26),＞ 1.20 mg/L were 11,which accounted for 42.31％ (11/26),with the maximum water fluoride as 5.58 mg/L.In the 4 yet to improve water quality villages of the 10 counties,1 village had mean water fluoride ≤ 1.20 mg/L,3 villages had mean water fluoride ＞ 1.20 mg/L,with the maximum water fluoride as 2.92 mg/L.A total of 1331 children aged 8 to 12 were checked in the 26 improved water villages,the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 59.73％ (795/1331),the index of dental fluorosis was 1.17 and the defect rate was 10.14％ (123/1331).A total of 138 children aged 8 to 12 were checked in the 4 yet to improve water quality villages,the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 51.45％(71/138),the index of dental fluorosis was 0.95 and the defect rate was 0.72％ (1/138).In water quality improved villages and yet to improve water quality villages,X-ray detection rates of skeletal fluorosis were 8.80％ (113/1284) and 3.05％ (6/197),respectively,in adults over the age of 25.Conclusions The water fluoride content of improved-water defluoridation projects exceeds the national standard seriously and fluorosis has not been effectively controlled in Shandong province.

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of Xuesaitong soft capsule (XST) and its effect on platelet counts, coagulation factor 1 (CF1) as well as hemorrheologic indexes in treating patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI).

METHODSTwo hundred and four patients with ACI were assigned into two groups, the control group (n = 96) and the treated group (n = 108). They were all treated with conventional Western medicines, including mannitol, troxerutin, citicoline, piracetam and aspirin, while to the treated group, XST was given additionally through oral intake, twice a day, 2 capsules each time for 8 successive weeks. The clinical efficacy was evaluated according to the nerve function deficits scoring and the changes of platelet count. CF1 and hemorrheological indexes were measured before and after treatment.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 87.0% in the treated group, and 87.5% in the control group, respectively, showing insignificant difference between them. But the markedly effective rate in the treated group (66.7%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (27.1%, P < 0.01). The count of platelet was not changed significantly in both groups after treatment, while CF1 in them evidently lowered at the end of the 4th and 8th weeks of treatment, but showed insignificant difference between the two groups. The hematocrit, whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity in both groups were all improved significantly after treatment, but also showed insignificant difference in comparison of the two groups.

CONCLUSIONXST has good efficacy in auxiliary treatment of patients with ACI, though its mechanism remains to be further explored.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Aspirin ; administration & dosage ; Blood Viscosity ; drug effects ; Capsules ; Cerebral Infarction ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Cytidine Diphosphate Choline ; administration & dosage ; Diuretics, Osmotic ; administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Hematocrit ; Hemorheology ; Humans ; Male ; Mannitol ; administration & dosage ; Middle Aged ; Nootropic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Piracetam ; administration & dosage ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; administration & dosage

Objective: To investigate the changes of myo cardial contractile function during myocardial stunning in calcium overload rats and the protective effects of tetrandrine. Methods: Forty-six rats were randomized into control, myocardial ischemia, myocardial stunning, low and high dose of tetrandrine groups. Another 10 rats were used to identify the calcium overload. vitamin D3 (0.3 million Unit/kg) and nicotinic acid were adm inistered. After 16 d when calcium overload occured, left anterior descending ar tery was ligated. Twenty minutes of myocardial ischemia followed by 60 min of re perfusion was induced. The contractile function parameters were determined dynam ically. At the end of experiment, myocardial cytosolic ［Ca2+］i was deter mined in various groups. In tetrandrine groups, tetrandrine (62.2 or 93.6 μmol/ kg ) was administered by gastrogavage daily.After 16 d, the rats undergone the e xperiments mentioned above. Results: Sixteen days after vitamin D3 , nicotinic acid were given, ［Ca2+］i increased by 2.6 folds (146.8±10.8 ) vs (368.5±22.6) nmol/L, (P<0.01). Whereas, ［Ca2+］i in tetrand rine groups were (210.8±16.4) and (198.6±15.3) nmol/L, which were significantl y lower than that of calcium overload group. Twenty minutes of myocardial ische mia resulted in the decrease of dp/dtmax and Vmax in all groups with the most si gnificant in stunning and calcium overload groups. The contractile function rest ored gradually after reperfusion. At all time points, dp/dtmax and Vmax in both tetrandrine groups were higher than those in both stunning and calcium overload groups. And effect with higher dose of tetrandrine were more significant than in low dose of tetrandrine. After 60 min of reperfusion, dp/dtmax in stunning, cal cium overload, low and high dose of tetrandrine groups were 49.7%, 51.5%, 71.0% and 83.4% of that in control, respectively， and Vmax were 55.0%, 49.8%, 73.9% and 77.5% of that in control, respectively. Conclusion: T he myocardial contractile function in vitamin D3-induced calcium overload gro up is impaired. On basis of myocardiocyte calcium overload, transient ischemia l eads to myocardial stunning. At the stage of ischemia, the impaired degree of my ocardial contractile function is similar to that in stunning group, suggesting a t this stage the effect of ischemia on myocardial function is greater than that of calcium overload. Tetrandrine chronically improves the myocardial function in Vitamin D3-induced calcium overload rats.