Cellulase system contains a series of complex components.There are still some problems remained unclear in cellulase and its mechanism of hydrolyzing lignocellulosic materials and its hydrolysis kinetics,so profound study is needed.The rapid development of many kinds of new interdiscipline such as biochemistry,molecular biology and gene engineering,has further clarified the structure and function of cellulase,and the relationshi Pof its gene expression and regulation,and furthermore resulted in derivative study methods about cellulase in more aspects.Cellulase system components according to synergistic catalytic mode and the sequence of the homology amino acids similarity,summarizes traditional detection methods of enzyme components,and emphasizes on research progress of various biosensors applied in detection of cellulase activity and gene expression was introduced.

Objective To develop an assessment indicator system of function for standardized patients in the objective structured clinical examination for nursing specialty,which provides the basis for the standardized training and assessment of standardized patients.Methods The Delphi method was used to determine this indicator system.Results After two rounds of the Delphi procedure,the assessment indicator system was drawn-up,which included 3 first-class indicators and 12 second-class indicators and 35 third-class indicators with weights.Conclusions The achievements of this study may provide reference for nursing educators to screen standardized patients strictly and improve the quality of standardized patients continuously,and also provide the basis for development of scale or instrument in the further.

Objective Patients with severe acute pancreatitis ( SAP) always suffer decrease in gastrointestinal motility , even gastrointestinal failure.The article aimed to investigate the changes of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the myenteric plexus of the gastric antrum in rats with severe acute pancreatitis ( SAP) complicated by gastrointestinal dysmotility . Methods Twenty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into two groups:control group and SAP group .Acute pancreatitis was induced by intraductal infu-sion of 5%sodium taurodeoxycholate .24 h after operation , records were made on pathological evaluation of pancreatic lesion , amylase, C-reactive protein ( CRP) , gastric emptying rate and the percentage of VIP neurons in the total neurons . Results Compared with the control group, the gastric emptying rate in the SAP group was significantly lower ([31.49 ±3.96]% vs [70.99 ±1.82]%).The score of pancreatic lesion, amylase, CRP and the percentage of VIP neurons was significantly higher ([14.63 ±1.06]score vs [1.60 ± 0.52]score, [2061.25 ±434.86]U/L vs [360.20 ±30.29]U/L, [140.10 ±17.07]μg/mL vs [35.71 ±6.43]μg/mL, [22.45 ± 4.10]%vs [10.72 ±1.92]%)(P<0.05). Conclusion Plas-ticity took place in VIP neurons in the myenteric plexus of gastric an-trum in rats with SAP complicated by gastrointestinal dysmotility , which was connected with neural mechanism underlying SAP compli-cated by gastrointestinal dysmotility .

Objective To investigate the effect of ANX A1 on the biological characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinom cells by interfering with the expression of Annexina A1 (ANX A1) in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells through small interfering RNAs (siRNA).Methods The designed highly efficient siRNA was used to conduct the specific interfence on ANXA1 expression in the papillary thyroid carcinoma TPC-1 cells.The effect of ANXA1 on TPC-1 apoptosis in PTC was observed by flow cytometry.Results The designed siRAN could efficiently inhibit the expression of ANXA1 mRNA in PTC,enhanced the cell apoptosis in TPC-1 cells in vitro.Conclusion siRNA can interfere with the expression of ANXA1 and promote the apoptosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma which suggesting that ANXA1 may be an important biological target for the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Objective To study the effect of the long-term administration of hemocoagulasein vitro and in vivo,whether it may cause hypofibrinogenemia and changes of cytokine interleukin-6(IL-6) expression level which related to fibrinogen synthesis.Methods Totally 50 healthy subjects pooled plasma was chose in vitro experiments,which was divided into 7 groups.After that,added various of dilutions of injection hemocoagulase and incubated at 37 ℃,detected FIB concentration every 12 h.In vivo experiments,80 rats with six-week old were randomly divided into 4 groups:negative control group,high-dose group,middle-dose group,low-dose group,After 3 weeks administration,the serum level of Ⅴfactor,Ⅷ factor,PT,activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT),FIB,IL-6 was detected.Results Hemocoagulase in vitro had a strong role to reduce fibrin,and showed a significant dose-dependent and time-dependent;Hemocoagulase prolonged low-dose use might reduce the concentration of FIB in mice,but theⅤfactor,Ⅷ factor,PT,APTT,TT were not significantly affected.Compared with the negative control group,FIB and IL-6 concentration decreased in high-dose group,middle-dose group,low-dose group and had statistically significant differences (P<0.05);The level of FIB among the groups had statistically significant differences (P<0.05).The APTT of the middle and high dose groups was slightly prolonged,which was significantly different from that of the negative control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Hemocoagulase has a strong effect to reduce the concentration of fibrin,when there is a long-term medication,fibrin concentration of the patient should be closely monitored,hemocoagulase not only directly decomposed fibrin,but also may affect the synthesis of IL-6,the specific mechanism needs further study.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect and application value of laparoscopy combined with holmium laser in the treatment of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 22 cases with intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones who treated with laparoscopy choledo-choscopy combined with holmium laser lithotripsy(the observation group),and 21 cases who treated with laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopic lithotomy(the control group).The clinical curative effect was compared between the two groups.Results In the observation group,the residual stones completely removed in 21 cases(95.4%),the mean operation time was (130 ±13)min,the intraoperative bleeding volume was (85 ±20)mL,the average hospitali-zation time was (8.3 ±2.0)days,without conversion to open surgery,no incision infection,1 case had residual stones after operation,through T tube sinus tract choledochoscopy took a stone again.In the control group,took net calculi in 13 cases(61.9%),the average operation time was (135 ±20)min,the intraoperative hemorrhage volume was (70 ± 15)mL,the average hospitalization time was (14.5 ±2)days,6 cases converted to laparotomy,incision infection in 2 cases,8 cases had residual stones after operation,through T tube sinus combined with choledochoscopy again take stone,which 2 secondary mirror lithotomy in 6 cases,3 cases of 2 stones.The differences of the two groups in stone from the net rate,conversion rate,average hospitalization time were statistically significant(χ2 =2.203,2.897,t =4.293,P =0.033,0.006,0.017).The differences of mean operation time,intraoperative hemorrhage had were not statistically significant(t =1.176,1.629,P =0.246,0.111).Conclusion It is safe,effective and minimally invasive for the treatment of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones with holmium laser combined with endoscopic holmi-um laser.

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the expression level and clinical significance of serum liver fibrosis-associated lncRNA1 (lnc-LFAR1) in patients with chronic hepatitis B cirrhosis, aiming to analyze its correlation with interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and liver function. Methods　Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) cirrhosis and CHB diagnosed and treated in Dongguan City People's Hospital from March 2016 to December 2019 were selected and divided into the liver cirrhosis group (n=80) and the CHB group (n=80), and 80 healthy people with physical examination during the same period were selected as healthy group. The serum levels of lnc-LFAR1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), albumin (ALB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and liver function indicators, including albumin (ALB) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured and analyzed. The correlation between serum lnc-LFAR1 expression level and IL-6, IL-1β was assessed, and the levels of lnc-LFAR1, IL-6, IL-1β, ALB and ALT were compared among patients with CHB cirrhosis of different Child-Pugh grades. Results The serum levels of lnc-LFAR1, IL-6, IL-1β and ALT in the patients with liver cirrhosis [(1.85± 0.62), (41.76±13.92) ng/mL, (7.78±1.95) pg/mL, (148.37±29.67) U/L] were higher than those in the CHB group [(1.42±0.47), (23.56± 7.85) ng/mL, (5.42±1.41) pg/mL, (87.59±17.52) U/L] and the healthy group [(1.01±0.34), (6.70±2.23) ng/mL, (3.13± 0.78) pg/mL, (15.44±3.10) U/L] (P<0.05), while the ALB levels (30.54±3.82) g/L were lower than those in the CHB group (37.27±4.34) g/L and the healthy group (45.26±5.66) g/L (P<0.05). Serum lnc-LFAR1, IL-6, IL-1β and ALT levels in the CHB group were higher than those in the healthy group (P<0.05), and ALB levels were lower than those in the healthy group (P<0.05); the serum levels of lnc-LFAR1, IL-6, IL-1β in patients with CHB cirrhosis were negatively correlated with ALB (P<0.05), and positively correlated with ALT (P<0.05); the serum expression level of lnc-LFAR1 in patients with CHB cirrhosis was positively correlated with IL-6 and IL-1β (r=0.598, 0.571, P<0.05); with the increase of Child-Pugh grade, the serum levels of lnc-LFAR1, IL-6, IL-1β, and ALT in patients with CHB cirrhosis gradually increased (P<0.05), and the level of ALB gradually decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions Serum lnc-LFAR1 expression level is higher in patients with CHB cirrhosis, which is obviously related to IL-6, IL-1β, ALB and ALT. Therefore, the evaluation of serum lnc-LFAR1 expression level is helpful in the clinical assessment of the condition of CHB cirrhosis patients.

To reveal the effect of rotation cropping and bacterial manure on the growth of Chrysanthemum morifolium and screen the beneficial endophytic, the diversity of endophytic and dominant genera of different treatment groups were analyzed. Four different treatments were continuous cropping, rotation, self-made organic fertilizer and commercially available fertilizer, respectively. Endophytic bacterial diversity and dominant genera in different organs were examined using Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP). The results showed that enzyme Hae III was more appropriate than enzyme Hinfl because the number of TRFs digested by enzyme Hae III was more than that of enzyme Hinfl. In comparison of diversity, the endophytic bacterial communities' diversity index in group of cropping rotation and fertilizer was higher than that of continuous cropping which indicated that the addition of exogenous microorganism in soil could increase the diversity of plant endophyte. 18 dominant species were selected, including 3 kinds of Firmicutes, 4 kinds of Actinomycetes and 11 kinds of Proteobacteria. The results of dominant species comparison showed that the number of dominant species in continuous cropping of Ch. morifolium was significantly less than that of the rotation group. Some dominant bacteria in rotation group and fertilizer group such as Arthrobacter, Streptomyces, Streptomyces, Flavobacterium and Mycobacterium were not found in the continuous cropping of Ch. mortfolium group. Dominant species of fertilizer treatment group was similar with the rotation group, and the continuous cropping group's dominant species was more abundant. It indicates that these bacteria may be able to mitigate hindrance in continuous cropping, especially the Flavobacterium which can decompose the pathogenic fungi is worthy of further attention. Compared with leaves, there are more dominant species in roots and stems. The diversity of edophytic bacterial communities in continuous cropping of Ch. morifolium stays below than that in the rotation of Ch. morifolium, and fertilizer treatment can increase the diversity of continuous cropping so that it could mitigate hindrance in continuous cropping.
Actinobacteria ; physiology ; Agriculture ; Biodiversity ; Chrysanthemum ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific ; Endophytes ; Fertilizers ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; physiology ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves ; Plant Roots ; microbiology ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Proteobacteria ; physiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; chemistry ; genetics ; Soil ; Soil Microbiology

Objective To evaluate the preliminary outcome of postoperative three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy(3DCRT)as compared with conventional radiation therapy(CRT)in stageⅢA non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods From December 1994 to February 2002,114 such patients received postoperative radiotherapy in M.D.Anderson Cancer Center,with 63 patients in CRT group and 51 in 3DCRT group.The median radiation dose was 53.5 Gy/27f/5-6w and 52.8 Gy/26f/5-6w in CRT and 3DCRT group, respectively.Results The median follow-up time was 28 and 13 months in CRT and 3DCRT group.The 1-,2- year overaLl survival were 80%,62% and 93%,70%.The 1-,2-year disease free survival was 62%,44% and 58%,32% in CRT group and in 3DCRT group,respectively.There was no significant difference between CRT group and 3DCRT group in terms of overall survival,disease-free survival,local-regional control,distant metastasis-free survival or treatment-related complication.There was significant difference in the death cause between two group,with 4 patients having died of cardiac complication in the CRT group and none in the 3DCRT group.Conclusions Postoperative three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy can reach the same immediate results of conventional radiotherapy in stageⅢA NSCLC,with a lower incidence of cardiac complication. However,the long-term results need further follow-up.