BACKGROUND:Due to anisotropic CT volume data, triangular meshes extracted from bone CT images often contain staircase surface, which wil affect the subsequent medical diagnosis. OBJECTIVE:To reconstruct patient-specific bone model based on digital geometry processing technique. METHODS:Firstly, registration was performed in image registration algorithm based on mutual information for bone CT slices, and then contours were extracted by image segmentation and a stack of contours were converted into point clouds. The normals of point clouds were estimated based on Gaussian weighted principal component analysis and the noise from point clouds was removed by trilateral filtering. Final y, bone triangular meshes were constructed by adaptive spherical cover. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In this paper, the proposed method could generate smoothing bone surface meshes, triangular mesh shape which was formed by the rules and adaptive distribution, for finite element analysis, computer aided manufacturing and three-dimensional printing to provide accurate three-dimensional models.

AIM:To investigate the potential of differentiatng into myocytes of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)-mobilized CD34 + cells. METHODS: Three hours after intraperitoneal injecction of isoprenaline(ISO) to develop acute ischemic model, rats' bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells were mobilized to the site of myocardial infarction by G-CSF. The techniques of immunohistochemisty and HE stain were used to detect the infiltration of CD34 + cells and the regeneration of myocytes in the infarct zones. RESULTS: 24 hours after administration of ISO , a large amount of infiltrative monocytes and regenerative myocytes which were CD34 positive expression could be found in the infarct zones of the G-CSF treatment group, while majority of the infiltrative inflammatory cells in control group were neutrophils and there was no infiltrative cells and myocytes which were CD34 positive expressio, 2 weeks after administration of ISO, there were a plenty of scar in control group, but not in the G-CSF treatment group. CONCLUSION: G-CSF-mobilized CD34 + cells possess the potential to differentiate into myocytes and it may be used in treating acute myocardial infarction.

Objective To evaluate the risk of plague occurrence via surveying and analyzing indoor rat density and flea index in natural villages having previous plague experience. Methods During August to September 2007, 30 natural villages experiencing previous plague were selected based on the surveillance data, and then all households were coded with numbers and 20 households in each village were randomly selected via computer. Cages and sticky papers were set in 600 selected households to capture rats and fleas. Rat density, flea prevalence, flea index and median were estimated. Results One hundred thirty-three Rattus flavipectus and 33 Suncus murinus were caught and averaged rat density was 2.8 rats per one hundred cage. nights (166/6000), the median was 5 rats each village. One hundred and one mice infected fleas, flea prevalence on rats was 60.8% (101/166), 296 Xenopsylla cheopis and 48 Leptopsylla segnis were collected. Rat flea index was 2.1 fleas per rat (344/166). A total of 315 dissociated flea was caught, average dissociated flea index was 0.026 fleas per sticky paper (315/11888). The median was 5.5 dissociated fleas per village. Of dissociated fleas, Ctenocephalides felis felis (205) and Xenopsylla cheopis (103) accounted for 97.8% (308/315). The proportion for species of the rat flea and the dissociated flea was different(Fisher test: P < 0.01). The rat flea was significantly associated with the rat density(r = 0.68, P < 0.01), but the dissociated flea was significantly associated with neither the rat density(r = -yield than fried wheat batter(χ2 = 5.59, P < 0.05). Conclusions In these villages having previous plague experience of Lianghe County, Rattusflavipectus was dominant species of indoor rats, Xenopsylla cheopis and Ctenocephalides felis felis were dominant species of rat flea and dissociated flea, respectively. Mengsong, Bangdu, and Tangjiatun village had potential risk of plague emergence.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and distribution characteristics of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 - 12 in Wushan and Fengjie counties of Chongqing and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of the disease.MethodsTwenty townships(towns) in Fengjie county and 18 in Wushan county were selected as survey points by random cluster sampling in 2010.Dental fluorosis of all the children aged 8 - 12 was examined with Dean index.The detection rate of children's dental fluorosis,defect rate and dental fluorosis index were compared between the two counties.Results Totally 38 209 children aged 8 - 12 were investigated.The total detection rate of dental fluorosis was 43.09％( 16 466/38 209) in the two counties.The detection rates of dental fluorosis in Wushan and Fengjie were 48.98％ (9397/19 186)and 37.16％(7069/19 023),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(x2 =544.03,P ＜ 0.01 ).Total detection rates of dental fluorosis of the five age groups(8,9,10,11,and 12-year-old age groups) were 32.52％(2157/6632),40.07％(2672/6668),43.67％(3420/7831 ),46.01％ (3861/8391) and 50.14％ (4356/8687),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =510.50,P ＜ 0.01),Dental fluorosis indexes in Wushan and Fengjie were 0.713 and 0.485,respectively.Defect rates of dental fluorosis in Wushan and Fengjie were 4.05％ (777/19 186) and 1.57％(298/19 023),respectively.Conclusions The total detection rate of dental fluorosis of the two counties is still high,which gradually increases with age.Wushan is still an endemic area of dental fluorosis,and Fengjie is at the edge of the

Objective To construct and express the recombinant plasmid pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32 of Schistosoma japonicum(Sj) in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Methods Total RNA was extracted from Sj adult worms by ultrasound-breaking, Sj26GST and Sj32 antigen gene was respectively amplified by RT-PCR from the total RNA; Sj26GST-Sj32 fusion gene obtained with gene splicing by overlap extension(SOEing) was cloned into prokaryotic expression plasmid pET28α and transformed into Escherichia coli BL2 (DE3) to construct pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32;BL21 (pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32) was induced with isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranosid (IPTG), and the expressed products were analyzed and identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electropheresis (SDS-PAGE)and Western blotting. Results The 1991 bp Sj26GST-Sj32 fusion gene was successfully amplified by gene SOEing and cloned into pET28α by restriction analysis and PCR identification, the recombinant plasmid pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32 was successfully constructed; the relative molecular mass of the expressed recombinant protein was approximately 69 × 103 by SDS-PAGE, and the amount of the expressed protein was 25% of the total bacterial proteins; the fusion protein could be recognized by sera from rabbits infected with Sj by Western blotting.Conclusions The recombinant plasmid pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32 is successfully constructed and highly expressed in Escherichia coli in fused form with His-tag, and the expressed fusion protein shows specific antigenicity.

Objective To construct and express the recombinant plasmid pET32α-Sj26GST of Schistosoma japonicum(sj)in Escherichia coli(E.coli)B121(DE3).Methods The total RNA was extracted from sj adult worms by ultrasound-breaking,Sj26GST antigen gene was amplified by RT-PCR from the total RNA,then cloned into prokaryotic expression plasmid pET32α(+) and transformed into E.coli B12(DE3)to construct pET32α-Sj26GST;BL21(pET32α-Sj26GST)WaS induced with isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranosid(IPTG),and the expressed products were analyzed and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.Results The 676 bp Sj26GST gene was successfully amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pET32α(+)by restriction analysis and PCR identification,the recombinant plasmid pET32α-Sj26GST was successfully constructed;the relative molecular mass of the expressed recombinant protein was approximately 49×103 by SDS-PAGE,and the amount of the expressed protein was 24%of the total bacterial proteins;the fusion protein could be recognized by sera from rabbits infected with sj by Western blot.Conclusions The recombinant plasmid pET32α-Sj26GST is successfully constructed and highly expressed in E.coli in fused form with Trx-tag and His-tag,and the expressed fusion protein shows specific antigenicity.

Objective To monitor the quality changes of iodized salt and analyze its impact factor in Chongqing between 2001 and 2009. Methods Salt samples were collected according to the east, west, south,north and center locations in iodized salt production, wholesale and household sectors. Two units in iodized salt production and wholesale segment were sampled from north, south, east and west places and only 1 unit was sampled from the central place. Nine samples were collected every month in each place. If the place had less than 9 units, and then taken all the units. About resident household, 2 townships were sampled from north, south, east and west places, and 1 township was sampled from the central place, then 20 samples were collected from each township. Iodine content was detected by oxidation-reduction assay. The index of mean iodine, qualified rate from factories and wholesale, coverage rate and taking rate of qualified iodized salt in residents were calculated.Significance was analyzed by trend test, analysis of variance and X2 test. Results The qualified rate of iodized salt from the manufacturers was 92.9%(13/14) in 2001 and the rate was 100.0% each year from 2002 to 2009. The qualified rates of iodized salt from the wholesale were 88.7%(282/318) - 99.8%(431/432). The rates of 2001 and 2002 were lower than that of other years(X2 = 4.98 - 45.69, all P< 0.05 or < 0.01). The coverage rate and taking rate of qualified iodized salt in residents were 94.2% (11 154/11 841 ) - 98.9% ( 14 061/14 217), 83.5% (9 887/11 841 ) -95.8% (13 449/14 039), respectively. The rates showed an increasing tendency (F = 9.27, 26.39, all P < 0.05).The districts(counties) with qualified iodized salt consumption rate > 90% kept increasing. The mean iodine from the manufacturers and wholesale were 29.71 - 36.25, and 31.26 - 36.13 mg/kg, respectively. The iodine level showed a descending trend(F = 35.45, 140.59, all P < 0.01 ). The mean iodine level from the inhabitants were 28.84 - 30.98 mg/kg which remained stable (F = 3.05, P > 0.05 ). The iodine level from manufacturers, wholesale to inhabitants showed an descending trend(F = 38.46 - 671.23, all P < 0.01 ). Conclusions The surveillance results of iodized salt shows an increasing tendency in quality of iodized salt, eoverage rate and taking rate of qualified iodized salt. Factors that affect the quality of iodized salt is that the enterprise does not add iodine to salt strictly by the standard.

Objective: To investigate the effects of astragalus polysaccharide (AP) on cardiac dysfunction in rabbits with severe scald injury. Methods: Sixty-four New Zealand white rabbits were divided into pure scald group and AP group according to the random number table, with 32 rabbits in each group. Rabbits in the two groups were all inflicted with 30% total body surface area full-thickness scald on the back. Immediately after injury, rabbits in two groups were intraperitoneally injected with lactated Ringer′s solution once for antishock. Rabbits in AP group were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mL AP solution with the dosage of 200 mg/kg 10 min after injury and the following 6 days respectively, once a day. Rabbits in pure scald group were injected with 10 mL normal saline instead. Eight rabbits of each group were respectively selected before injury hour (BIH) 1 and on post injury day(PID) 1, 3, 7, and 14 to collect blood samples from ear marginal vein, and then sacrificed immediately to collect hearts at each time point post injury. The morphology of myocardium was observed after HE staining. The serum content of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum content of aspartate transaminase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), CK isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was detected by fully automatic chemistry analyzer. The content of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) in serum and myocardium was detected with radioimmunoassay and the content of endothelin 1 (ET-1) in serum and myocardium was detected by ELISA. Another 8 normal rabbits were sacrificed to detect the content of Ang Ⅱ and ET-1 in the myocardium as the value of the two groups of scalded rabbits at BIH 1. The serum content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) was detected by ELISA. The values of whole blood viscosity (ηb), reductive viscosity of whole blood (ηr), plasma viscosity (ηp), hematocrit (HCT), erythrocyte rigidity index (TK), erythrocyte aggregation index (EAI), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were detected by fully automatic hematology analyzer. Data were processed with analysis of variance of factorial design, independent sample t test, and Dunnett test. Results: (1) Compared with those in pure scald group, the degrees of cardiomyocyte swelling, steatosis, necrosis and rupture of muscle fiber were significantly alleviated in rabbits of AP group on PID 1 and 3. There was no obvious increase in cell size, no breakage of muscle fiber or infiltration of inflammatory cells in myocardial interstitium on PID 7. The myocardial tissue structure and muscle fiber arrangement returned to normal condition on PID 14, with no interstitial fibroblast hyperplasia or excessive extra cellular matrix deposition. (2) Serum content of cTnI, CK, and LDH of rabbits in AP group was significantly lower than that in pure scald group on PID 1, 3, and 7 (with t values from 2.69 to 13.99, P<0.05 or P<0.01), while there was no significant difference between the two groups on PID 14 (with t values from -0.32 to 0.68, P values above 0.05). Serum content of AST and CK-MB of rabbits in AP group was significantly lower than that in pure scald group on PID 1 and 3 (with t values from 2.21 to 12.65, P<0.05 or P<0.01), while there was no significant difference between the two groups on PID 7 and 14 (with t values from 0.03 to 1.67, P values above 0.05). (3) Serum content of Ang Ⅱ of rabbits in AP group was significantly lower than that in pure scald group from PID 1 to 14 (with t values from 3.38 to 32.58, P values below 0.01). Serum content of ET-1 of rabbits in AP group was significantly lower than that in pure scald group from PID 3 to 14 (with t values from 3.54 to 11.02, P values below 0.01), while there was no obvious difference on PID 1 (t=0.39, P>0.05). Content of Ang Ⅱ and ET-1 in myocardial tissue of rabbits in AP group was significantly lower than that in pure scald group from PID 1 to 7 (with t values from 1.27 to 13.79, P values below 0.01), while there was no obvious difference on PID 14 (with t values respectively 0.07 and 0.81, P values above 0.05). (4) Serum content of SOD of rabbits in AP group was respectively (15.65±2.64), (14.67±0.74), and (8.43±0.56) ng/mL on PID 1, 3, and 7, which was significantly higher than (6.35±0.83), (2.62±0.75), and (2.84±0.41) ng/mL in pure scald group (with t values from -29.79 to -9.10, P values below 0.01); while there was no obvious difference on PID 14 [with (4.02±0.26) ng/mL in pure scald group and (4.11±0.52) ng/mL in AP group, t=-0.01, P>0.05]. Serum content of MDA of rabbits in AP group was respectively (1.31±0.61), (1.72±0.64), and (0.65±0.42) μmol /mL on PID 1, 3, and 7, which was significantly lower than (1.68±0.57), (2.34±0.79), and (1.06±0.32) μmol/mL in pure scald group (with t values from 1.63 to 3.16, P<0.05 or P<0.01), while there was no obvious difference on PID 14 [with (0.31±0.09) μmol/mL in pure scald group and (0.24±0.08) μmol/mL in AP group, t=2.11, P>0.05]. (5) Values of ηb1 and EAI of rabbits in AP group were significantly lower than those in pure scald group from PID 1 to 7 (with t values from 2.718 to 11.170, P<0.05 or P<0.01), while there were no obvious differences on PID 14 (with t values respectively 2.078 and -1.423, P values above 0.05). Values of ηb2 and ηr2 of rabbits in AP group were significantly lower than those in pure scald group on PID 3 and 7 (with t values from 2.178 to 19.205, P<0.05 or P<0.01), while there were no obvious differences on PID 1 and 14 (with t values from -0.730 to 1.320, P values above 0.05 ). Values of ηr1 and ESR of rabbits in AP group were significantly lower than those in pure scald group on PID 3, 7, and 14 (with t values from 3.021 to 8.058, P values below 0.01), while there were no obvious differences on PID 1 (with t values respectively 1.200 and 1.263, P values above 0.05 ). Value of ηp of rabbits in AP group was significantly lower than that in pure scald group on PID 1 (t=2.430, P<0.05), while there were no obvious differences on PID 3, 7, and 14 (with t values from 0.002 to 1.446, P values above 0.05 ). Value of HCT of rabbits in AP group was close to that in pure scald group on PID 1 (t=1.079, P>0.05), and the values were significantly lower than those in pure scald group on PID 3 and 14 (with t values respectively 3.849 and 4.208, P values below 0.01), while the value was significantly higher than that in pure scald group on PID 7 (t=-4.925, P<0.01). Value of TK of rabbits in AP group was lower than that in pure scald group on PID 7 (t=2.847, P<0.05), while there were no obvious differences on PID 1, 3, and 14 (with t values from -1.102 to 0.875, P values above 0.05). Conclusions AP can alleviate the damage of myocardium of rabbits with severe scald by reducing the production of vasoactive substances Ang Ⅱ and ET-1, decreasing oxidative stress injury by increasing the content of SOD and decreasing the production of MDA, improving blood flow performance and microcirculation perfusion.

Objective To find out the current thyroid volume of school children and its influencing factors in Chongqing.Methods Probability sampling method(PPS) was used to select 30 counties in Chongqing in 2011.Forty children aged 8-10of 1 randomly selected school from every county chosen were enrolled in the study.Thyroid volume of children was examined by B-ultrasonograghy.Body height and body weight were measured.The relationship between gender,age,height and weight and thyroid volume was analyzed,respectively.Results One thousand three hundred and twenty-two children aged 8-10 were investigated.The median of thyroid volume was 3.53 ml.The goiter rate was 5.52％ (73/1322).Thyroid volume of female and male was 3.55 and 3.51 ml,respectively.There was no significant difference of thyroid volume between female and male (H =0.68,P ＞ 0.05).Thyroid volume of children aged 8,9 and 10 was 3.30,3.53 and 3.76 ml,respectively.There was a significant difference of thyroid volume among different age groups(H =52.49,P ＜ 0.01).Thyroid volume of children height (110-,120-,130-and ≥140 cm,respectively) was 2.96,3.22,3.59 and 4.13 ml.There was a significant difference of thyroid volume among different height groups (H =149.23,P ＜ 0.01).Thyroid volume of children weight(17-,20-,30-and ≥40 kg,respectively) was 2.71,3.31,3.91 and 4.74 ml.There was a significant difference of thyroid volume among different weight groups(H =138.44,P ＜ 0.01).For the coefficients of simple and partial correlation,there was a significant correlation between thyroid volume and age,height and weight (P ＜ 0.05).The Spearman coefficient was 0.2411,0.3950 and 0.4285,respectively.The partial correlation coefficient was 0.0640,0.1154 and 0.2319,respectively.The standard partial coefficient of age,height and weight was 0.640,0.1154 and 0.3410,respectively.The proportion of the standard partial coefficients was 1 ∶ 1.8 ∶ 5.3.The function of body weight to thyroid volume was 5.3 times that of age and 3.0 times that of body height.Conclusions The goiter rate of schoolchildren in Chongqing is relatively high.Thyroid volume is affected by age,body height and body weight.The relationship between thyroid volume and iodine nutrition needs further study.

Objective To investigate the nutritional status of iodine among residents in Chongqing, and to facilitate scientific prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders. Methods Select 9 towns in each of the 40 districts (counties) in Chongqing, and collect 40 resident edible salt samples in each of the selected town to detect salt iodine by direct titrimetry. Select 5 towns on the site of the east, west, south, north and middle of every district (county), select 20 children aged 8 to 10 in each of the selected town to collect urine samples and detect urinary iodine by As-Ce catalytic spectrophotometric assay. Results The median of iodine of 14 217 salt specimens by household was 292 mg/kg with a coverage rate of qualified iodized salt of 98.90%( 14 061/14 217). The consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 95.59%( 13 590/14 217). The median of urinary iodine for 4050 children aged 8 to 10 was 247.20μg/L, of which < 50 μg/L accounted for 4.60%(186/4050), 50-99μg/L accounted for 7.28% (295/4050), 100 - 199 μg/L accounted for 26.44% (1071/4050), 200 - 299 μg/L accounted for 25.58% (1036/4050), 300 μg/L or more, accounted for 36.10% (1462/4050). However, no significant difference was observed between different age groups(x2 = 3.77, P > 0.05). At district (county) level, the median of urinary iodine in 10(25.00%) districts (counties) was 100 - 200 μg/L, that in other 23(57.50%) districts (counties) was 200 - 300 μg/L, and that in other 7(17.50%) districts/counties was greater than 300 μg/L, and statistical significance was observed between different districts/counties (x2 = 441.95, P < 0.01). Conclusions Current iodine nutrition among residents in Chongqing is adequate. While there is excess, need to reduce the amount of salt iodization.