This paper was aim to optimize the purification technology of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata extract with macroporous adsorption resin. With the content of manninotriose as index, the absorptive flow and time were investigated, as well as kinds, amount, flow of eluent. D-101 type macroporous adsorption resin was the best choice for the purification of manninotriose. The optimized parameters were as follows: the content of manninotriose at 161.16-53.72 mg x g(-1), absorption time 240 min, eluting solvent of purified water, volume flow at 1.5 BV x h(-1), and eluant volume at 6 BV. D-101 type macroporous adsorption resin could significantly increase the purity of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata extract with the advantage of high absorption, remove most part of impurity, and the effect of semi-works production was better.
Adsorption ; Chemical Fractionation ; Chromatography, Liquid ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Rehmannia ; chemistry ; Resins, Synthetic ; chemistry

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; adverse effects ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; adverse effects ; Female ; Hematocrit ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period

Hypercoagulability state is the result of the interplay of genetic predisposition and risk factors. Many key enzymes and reactions in coagulation and anti-coagulation system are involved. Hereditary antithrombin deficiency is one of the major risk factors of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE), whereas hyperhomocysteinemia may also play a role. This article reviews the recent researches on the contributions of these two factors to VTE.
Antithrombin III Deficiency ; complications ; Humans ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; complications ; Venous Thrombosis ; etiology

AIM: To evaluate the anatomic and visual outcomes of 25-gauge vitrectomies combined with air tamponade for the treatment of idiopathic macular hole (IMH).METHODS: Thirty eyes of 27 patients with IMH were included in this prospective interventional study.All patients underwent 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with phacoemulsification and air tamponade.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, logMAR), perimetry and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) were conducted before and after the operation.Anatomical changes were evaluated with optical coherence tomography (OCT).RESULTS: The macular holes closed successfully in 28 eyes after the primary vitrectomy.The mean BCVA improved from 0.72±0.22 logMAR preoperatively to 0.29±0.18 logMAR postoperatively (P<0.001).In the visual field of central 10°, the average mean deviation (MD) decreased from-3.59±1.83 dB preoperatively to-2.51±1.36 dB postoperatively (P<0.001) and the average pattern standard deviation (PSD) decreased from 1.86±0.68 dB preoperatively to 1.33±0.32 dB postoperatively (P=0.001).The retinal response densities of mfERG in the foveal and perifoveal area increased significantly, and implicit times of rings 4-6 prolonged significantly (P<0.05).The symptom duration and baseline N1 amplitude densities at ring 1 had a significant impact on postoperative BCVA (P<0.001, P=0.001, respectively).CONCLUSION: The 25-gauge PPV and air tamponade with 1 day prone positioning produce favorable anatomic and functional outcomes.

?AlM: To investigate repeatability and accuracy of a latest Keratograph for evaluating the tear film stability and to compare its measurements with that of traditional examination methods.
?METHODS: The results of noninvasive tear film break-up time ( Nl-BUT ) including the first tear film break-up time ( BUT-f ) and the average tear film break-up time ( BUT - ave ) were measured by Keratograph. The repeatability of the measurements was evaluated by coefficient of variation ( CV ) and intraclass correlation coefficient ( lCC) . Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test was used to compare Nl-BUT with fluorescein tear film break-up time ( FBUT) to confirm the correlation between Nl-BUT and FBUT, Schirmer l test values. Bland-Altman analysis was used to evaluate consistency.
?RESULTS: The study recruited 48 subjects ( 48 eyes ) (mean age 38. 7±15. 2 years). The CV and lCC of BUT-f were respectively 12. 6% and 0. 95, those of BUT-ave were 9. 8% and 0. 96. The value of BUT-f was lower than that of FBUT. The difference had statistical significance ( 6. 16±2. 46s vs 7. 46±1. 92s, P<0. 01). There was significant positive correlation between Nl-BUT and FBUT, Schirmer l test values ( P< 0. 01 ). The scope of 95% limits of agreement (LoA) was 4. 46s in BUT-f and FBUT, while the scope of LoA was 3. 64s in BUT-ave and FBUT.
?CONCLUSlON: Keratograph can provide Nl-BUT data that has a better repeatability and reliability, which has great application prospects in diagnosis and treatment of dry eye and refractive corneal surgery.

To combine the fibrinolytic with anticoagulant activities for therapy of thrombotic deseases, a fusion protein made of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and hirudin was constructed and expressed in chia pastoris. To improve thrombolytic properties of t-PA and reduce bleeding side effect of hirudin, FXa-recognition sequence was introduced between t-PA and hirudin molecules.The anticoagulant activity of hirudin can be target-released through cleavage of FXa at thrombus site. t-PA gene and hirudin gene with FXa-recognition sequence at its 5'-terminal were obtained by RT-PCR and PCR respectively. The fusion protein gene was cloned into plasmid pIC9K and electroporated into the genome of Pichia pastoris GS115. The expression of fusion protein was induced by methanol in shaking flask and secreted into the culture medium. Two forms of the fusion protein, single-chain and double-chain linked by a disulfide bond (due to the cleveage of t-PA at Arg275-Ile276), were obtained. The intact fusion protein retained the fibrinolytic activity but lacked any anticoagulant activity. After cleavage by FXa, the fusion protein liberated intact free hirudin to exert its anticoagulant activity. So, the fusion protein is a bifunctional molecule having good prospect to develop into a new targeted therapeutic agent with reduced bleeding side effect for thrombotic diseases.
Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Electroporation ; Hirudins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Pichia ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Professor LUO Cai-gui's experience of acupuncture at acupoint "Baliao" with twisting manipulation for treatment of low back pain is introduced. This method has significant efficacy on improving low back pain and numbness of lower extremities, which is characterized with short-time manipulation, quick de-qi and long effective time. The acupuncture methods, manipulations, precautions, etc. are elaborated in details. A typical case is added.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo compare the spatiotemporal pattern of event-related potentials (ERPs) of relational memory retention between color-location binding and semantics-location binding.

METHODSThe ERPs of 19 channels were recorded from 14 healthy subjects while performing the two binding delayed-match-to-sample tasks. A paired-sample t test was used for analysis of both the behavioral performance and ERPs, and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) of the t values was applied to ERPs.

RESULTSBehavioral performances (reaction time and accuracy) in color-location binding were significant better than those of semantics-location binding. The SPM(t) of the ERPs showed significant effects in the middle frontal region and most areas of the parietal lobe (about 200 ms), the bilateral prefrontal and frontal regions (260 approximately 320 ms), and the left occipital region (500 approximately 580 ms).

CONCLUSIONRetention of semantics-location relation involves more brain regions than that of color-location relation, and the largest effect occurs in the frontal region.

Electroencephalography ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; physiology ; Frontal Lobe ; physiology ; Humans ; Memory ; physiology ; Retention (Psychology) ; physiology ; Task Performance and Analysis

OBJECTIVETo study the alteration of protein Z (PZ) in patients with cardio-cerebral thrombotic diseases, its clinical significance and relations with FX.

METHODSPZ and FX:Ag were measured by ELISA, and plasma FX:C by first stage method. In 170 patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), 40 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 60 healthy adults as contrast, PZ, FX:C and FX:Ag were measured and compared between incipience and recurrence, different ages and genders.

RESULTSIn AIS and AMI groups, PZ levels decreased significantly to (940.02 +/- 229.82) microg/L and (1071.44 +/- 180.52) microg/L, respectively \[the contrast group was (2257.97 +/- 479.76) microg/L, P < 0.001\]. But FX:C and FX:Ag raised to (136.73 +/- 34.93)% and (135.54 +/- 54.39)% in AIS group; and to (139.53 +/- 29.18)%, (129.75 +/- 21.91)% in AMI group, respectively, while in the contrast group they were (94.33 +/- 22.00)% and (77.22 +/- 13.19)% (P < 0.001). In the comparative research between the AIS group, AMI group and the contrast group, PZ level was clearly found to negatively relate to the level of FX:C and FX:Ag (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, PZ level, FX:C and FX:Ag in recur-AIS group and recur-AMI group exhibited significant differences (P < 0.05) from those in the primary AIS and AMI groups, suggesting that the decrease of PZ levels reflected the pathological process of the disease. In addition, PZ level gradually decreased with the increase of age (P < 0.05), while FX:C and FX:Ag had no relations with age (P > 0.05). No correlation was found in sex with PZ level, FX:C, FX:Ag (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPZ level was significantly decreased in AIS and AMI patients and was negatively related to FX:C and FX:Ag. The mechanism leading to FX increase may partially related with the decreased of PZ. PZ level was different in the primary and recurrent disease and was gradually decreased with the increase of age. Lack of PZ might be a etiological factor of cardio-cerebral thrombotic diseases.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Proteins ; metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Factor X ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; blood ; Stroke ; blood

OBJECTIVETo analyze the transsphenoidal microsurgical results of non-invasive prolactinomas, in order to provide reference for their treatment choice.

METHODSTo review the transsphenoidal microsurgical results of 234 non-invasive prolactinomas treated in our department in recent 10 years, and to analyze the prognostic factors. There were 18 males and 216 females, aged between 13 and 58 years, averaged (31.1 +/- 8.5) years. The course ranged from half a month to 20 years, averaged (47.3 +/- 44.9) months. The preoperative serum PRL level ranged between 41 and 8406 ng/ml, averaged (400.5 +/- 888.0) ng/ml, with a median of 164.1 ng/ml. The primary symptoms were amenorrhea, galactorrhea and/or infertility in 211 cases. The tumor size was small (< 1 cm) in 100, large (> or = 1 cm) in 116 and giant (> or = 3 cm) in 18 cases. All the patients received transsphenoidal microsurgery and were followed-up for 12 to 132 months, averaged (43.8 +/- 35.0) months.

RESULTSThere was no mortality. One hundred and twenty-seven (54.3%) cases had transient postoperative imbalance of water and electrolytes. One hundred and eighty-eight cases (80.3%) were cured, 12 (5.1%) experienced clinical remission, 20 (8.5%) were improved, and 14 (6.0%) were ineffective. The male patient, the giant prolactinomas and those with higher preoperative serum PRL level had a relative poor postoperative prognosis. While the other factors had no influence on prognosis, including the course, preoperative bromocriptine intake, tumor texture, tumor apoplexy and intraoperative descending extent of the diaphragm of sella. The overall operative expense for transsphenoidal microsurgery ranged from 8323.8 to 22898.5 yuan, averaged (12912.0 +/- 2361.2) yuan.

CONCLUSIONSTranssphenoidal microsurgery may be chosen as the primary therapy for non-invasive prolactinomas, with the purposes of therapeutical efficacy, facilitating the patients, re-establishing the patients' self-confidence and reducing the overall expense.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypophysectomy ; methods ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; surgery ; Prolactinoma ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Sphenoid Sinus ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome