Objective: To understand the effects of remuneration incentive and their influences on job satis-faction in county public hospital. Methods: Stratified random sampling was adopted. Six county public hospitals in county level in Heilongjiang province were selected as the sample. Exploratory factor analysis was used to ana-lyze the remuneration incentives, descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to ana-lyze the effects and their influences on work satisfaction. Results: remuneration incentives are divided into four dimensions that comprised a total of 16 items, which including direct material rewards, indirect material re-wards, occupational rewards and social rewards. The surgeon’s job satisfaction is higher than the physician, and is lower than the obstetrics and gynecology and pediatrics. Technician and nurses’ satisfaction is lower than the general practitioner. The medical staff who worked less than5 years has the lowest satisfaction. Authorized staff’s satisfaction is lower than off-staff. Direct material rewards and occupational rewards are related to job satisfac-tion. Conclusions:Material rewards were in low level, and non-economic incentive was insufficient. The salary incentive for highly educated talents should be strengthened.

Objective To observe the delayed brain myelination of children with phenylketonuria(PKU)combined with epilepsia,and explore effectiveness of the treatment and provide an objective criteria for patient recovering evaluation.Methods There were 42 PKU patients,aged 3 to 72 months were selected.The concentration of phenylalanine tested by high pressure liquid chromatography was greater than 1.2 mmol/L in blood,diagnosed as PKU.According to electroencephalogram and clinical symptom,21 cases were diagnosed as epilepsy,the other 21 cases were used as control group.All patients were taken MRI before treatment.Myelination in 10 sections(cerebellum,pons,mesencephalon,internal capsule posterior limb,corpus callosum,internal capsule anterior limb,occipital lobe,parietal lobe,temporal lobe,frontal lobe)were evaluated.Results Delayed myelinations were located mainly in the cerebral lobes and corpus callosum,average delayed incidence of the 10 region was 44.8% in epilepsy group and 30.9% in control group.The incidence of the corpus callsum was 80.9% in epilepsy group,52.4% in control group,the number of sections of delayed myelination showed statistically significant between 2 groups(P

Objective:To optimize and improve the content determination method for nitroglycerin ointment. Methods:An HPLC method was used,the column was Hypersil ODS(150 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm),the mobile phase was acetonitrile ∶water(50 ∶50),the detection wavelength was set at 220 nm,the flow rate was 1 ml·min-1 ,the column temperature was 30℃,and the injection volume was 20 μl. Results: The results showed a good linear relationship within the concentration range of 0. 020 3-0. 203 3 mg · ml-1 ( r =0. 999 9),and the average recovery was 99. 51%(RSD=1. 06%,n=9). Conclusion: The method is rapid,accurate and reproduci-ble,and can be used to determine the content of nitroglycerin in nitroglycerin ointment.

2cm~2.Conclusions The auto-cranial pedicle flap via endonasal repairing blow-out fractures of or- bital inferior wails is an effective technique.The results are good for improving eye movement especially for fracture ranged≤2cm~2. (Ophthalmol CHN,2007,16:388-390)

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; ultrastructure ; Aged ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; ultrastructure ; Cardia ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; ultrastructure ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDCardiomyocyte transplantation for the therapy of myocardial ischaemia is being paid close attention. However, how the microenvironment controls the differentiation of transplanted bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) is unknown. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a cytokine, increases during myocardial infarction, but it is not known whether ET-1 is responsible for the fate of transplanted BMSCs. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ET-1 on differentiation and maturation of induced rabbit BMSCs, in vitro, to elucidate the cellular biological mechanisms.

METHODSThe proliferation of BMSCs isolated from femur of rabbits was induced by ET-1 only, by 5-azacytidine (5-aza) or ET-1 combined with 5-aza. After 4 weeks of induced culturing, the differentiation rate and the diameter of induced myocyte like cells were estimated and the expressions of GATA-4 protein and phosphorylation level were assayed by Western-blot, RT-PCR analysis of beta-myosin heavy chain (MHC). mRNA expression, levels of troponin-I by immunohistochemical staining and ultrastructure of induce-cultured BMSCs were also determined.

RESULTSBy induction with ET-1 and 5-aza, mean cell diameter of induced BMSCs was larger than induced with 5-aza [(6.26 +/- 0.22) microm cf (5.29 +/- 0.19) microm] (P < 0.001). There was no difference in rate of differentiation of myocyte like cells between the groups induced with 5-aza and ET-1 combined with 5-aza [(29.82 +/- 0.23)% cf (29.94 +/- 0.18)%] (P > 0.05). The expressions of GATA-4 protein and phosphorylation were enhanced significantly in groups induced with ET-1 combined with 5-aza (P < 0.05). In the group induced with ET-1 combined with 5-aza, expression of beta-MHC mRNA was higher than control [(0.122 +/- 0.008) cf (0.022 +/- 0.003)] (P < 0.01), and more troponin-I positive cells were also detected in this group. Differentiated BMSCs showed formations of myofilaments and primitive sarcomere, i.e., morphological characteristics of myocyte like cells.

CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that induced culturing of BMSCs by ET-1 combined with 5-aza can express cardiomyocytic characteristics whereas ET-1 alone could not induce BMSCs to differentiate to myocyte like cells. ET-1 upregulates the expression of GATA-4 protein and phosphorylation level of induced BMSCs, and rapidly promotes the differentiation and maturation of myocyte like cells from BMSCs.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; ultrastructure ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelin-1 ; pharmacology ; GATA4 Transcription Factor ; analysis ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; Myosin Heavy Chains ; genetics ; Phosphorylation ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rabbits ; Stromal Cells ; cytology ; ultrastructure

The eight heavy metals and two essential constitutes of safflowers planted in linzhi which lies in Southern Tibet were analyzed by ICP-MS and by HPLC respectively. Heavy metals of safflower in the region were at the lower level and the essential constitutes were at the higher level. The better quality of safflower here was assisted by the excellent climate in tibet.
Carthamus tinctorius ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Contamination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Metals, Heavy ; analysis ; Tibet

Objective To study the effects of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPA?r) on the biological characteristics of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs); Methods The activated HSCs were divided into four groups: control group, rosiglitazone group, GW9662 + rosiglitazone group and GW9662 group. The cell proliferation was determined with MTT colorimetric assay, The cell apoptosis was studied with flow cytometry. The expression of PPA?r, Type I collagen were detected by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Results MTT of HSCs in rosiglitazone group was (0. 49?0. 06) significantly lower than in control group ( 1. 00?0. 045 ), GW9662 group (0. 89?0. 043 ) , GW9662 + rosiglitazone group (0.78?0.049)(t = 15.59,14.68,8.07, P

BACKGROUND: Sinomenine is an alkaloid monomer extracted from a Chinese medicinal herb sinomenium acutum stem. It is used in the therapy of the rheumatoid arthritis and has clear and definite therapeutic effects, but the therapeutic mechanism is unclear.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of sinomenine at different doses in vitro on the activity of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κβ) and mRNA expressions of the tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β) andinterleukin-10 (IL-10) in the synovial cells of the rats with adjuvant arthritis(AA) to explore the probable mechanism of sinomenine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).DESIGN: A controlled repeated measuring study based on the cells.SETTING: Department of traditional chinese medicine and the institute of burn research of a military medical university.MATERIALS: This study was finished at the Laboratory of the Institute of Burn Research of Chinese PLA. The experimental animals were 25 healthy male Wistar rats of clean grade. The AA model rats were made and the synovial cells were collected and grouped as follows: normal control group, AA group,AA + sinomenine 30 mg/L group, AA + sinomenine 60 mg/L group, AA + sinomenine 120 mg/L group. The activity of the NF-κB was measured by the electrophoresis mobility shift assay(EMSA) . The mRNA expressions of the TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 were measured by reverse transcription-PCR assay.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The results of the changes of the activity of the NF-κB and the mRNA expressions of the TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 in the synovial cells of the rats with adjuvant arthritis after the treatment with sinomenine at different doses.RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the activity of the NF-κB and the mRNA expressions of the TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 in the synovial cells in the AA group all increased significantly and the outcomes were 17±6, 0.570±0.047, 0.730±0.093, 0. 683 ±0.081 (t= 2.71 -4.07, P < 0.05). After the administration of sinomenine, the activity of NF-κB showed a good correlation with mRNA expressions of the TNF-αandIL-13(r=0.810, P <0.001; r=0.562, P <0.05), but no statistical relevance with mRNA expression of IL-10 was established. Sinomenine showed a dose-dependent inhibition on the activity of the NF-κB and the mRNA expressions of the TNF-α and IL-1β in a certain range of concentrations(30-120 mg/L), but no dose-dependent inhibition on mRNA expression of the IL-10 was observed.CONCLUSION: Through the inhibition of the activity of the NF-κB,sinomenine decreased the mRNA expressions of the TNF-α and the IL-1β in the synovial membrane cells.

Objective To study the effect of ratanasampil (RNSP) which is Traditional Tibetan Medicine on the levels of serum β-amyloid protein, interleukin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods One hundred AD patients were divided into two groups in randomized controlled study, including treatment group (RNSP 1 g/d) and control group (piracetam 2.4 g/d). The treatment lasted 12 weeks. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Alzheimer' s disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) and Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADLs) were taken to evaluate the efficacy. Serum levels of amyloid peptides (Aβ40 and Aβ42 ) were measured by ELISA assay. The radioimmunologic assay was used to determine the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. Results The scores of MMSE, ADAS-cog and ADL significantly improved at 12 weeks after RNSP treatment (P＜0.01, 0.01, 0.05, respectively), while had no significant changes in piracetam group (P＜0.05).The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and Aβ42 were significantly lower in RNSP group than in Piracetam group (P＜0.01). There was a decrease trend of the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio at 12 weeks after RNSP treatment (P＜0. 05, P＜0.01 ). The serum Aβ42 level had strong correlations with TNF-α, IL-1 β and IL-6. There were no significant differences in Aβ40 and IL-8 between RNSP group and piracetam group. No obvious drug side effect happened on the groups. Conclusions The reductions of serum TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels after RNSP treatment may lead to decrease of Aβ42 production in AD patients. RNSP may decrease the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and slow down the progress of AD. It may improve the learning and memory ability in treating patients with mild to moderate AD and is well tolerated and safe.