Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is one of the most common acute optic neuropathy in adult characterized with impaired visual acuity and visual fields.The pathogenesis of NAION mostly result from the interactions between the systemic risk factors (such as diabetes mellitus,night hypotension, hereditary) and the local ocular risk factors (such as small optic disc and vitreo-papillary traction).A fully promoted diagnosis and treatment of NAION are based on the higher levels of clinical cvidence, as well as the comprehensive assessment of relationship between the systemic and ocular risk factors in the pathogenesis of NAION.Secondary optic neuropathy of NAION and the early diagnosis with effective treatment of the fellow eye would be highly emphasized.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Facial Paralysis ; therapy ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Needles ; Young Adult

Objective:To explore diagnostic value of dynamic electrocardiogram (DCG) combined esophageal electro‐physiological examination (EEE) for sick sinus syndrome (SSS) .Methods :A total of 74 cases suspecting SSS ,who presented 24h mean heart rate <55 beats/min in DCG ,were selected .After DCG examination ,all subjects received EEE . Diagnostic value of single and combined examinations wereexplored .Results:Compared withthe SSS positive rate of single DCG and single EEE(87.8% ,86.5% ) ,theSSS positive rate ofDCG combined EEE(97.3% ) was sig‐nificantly rose ,P<0.05 both .Conclusion:Dynamic electrocardiogram combined esophageal electrophysiological ex‐amination can evaluate sinus node function from different angles ,which can significantlyincrease SSS diagnose rat .

the effect of maintaining integrity of epithelial cells by increasing occludin protein expression,and the effect is related with the up-regulation of occludin mRNA.

BACKGROUND: Harmful stimuli induce increased production of calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion, causing also intense dilation of the microvessels. But it remains unknown whether vessel dilation and pain relief were accompanied by increased CGRP production when negative pressure is applied on the limbs for treatment of peripheral arterial occlusion diseases (PAOD).OBJECTIVE: To examine the changes of calcitonin gene-related peptide (GGRP) -immunoractive nerve fibers in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion in dogs with PAOD treated with negative pressure on the limbs.DESIGN: A randomized controlled retrospective study.SETTING: The department of general surgery of a military medical university.MATERIALS: This study was carried out at Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between January and August 2003. Seventeen adult male dogs weighing 12 - 18 kg, regardless of the gender, were selected.INTERVENTIONS: Seventeen dogs were randomly divided into three groups, namely the treatment group( n = 10), model group( n = 5), and the normal control group( n = 2). Posterior left leg ischemia was induced in dogs in the treatment and model groups, and those in the treatment group, but not the model group, were treated with negative limb pressure for 10 days 14days after model establishment. The spinal cord and dorsal ganglion at L1-5of these two groups were collected and stained immunohistochemically for observing the changes of GGRP-immunreactive nerve fibers. The dogs in the normal control group were also sampled in similar manner for immunohistochemical staining.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Distribution of CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the spinal cord and dorsal ganglions of the three groups of dogs.RESULTS: In the dogs of the model group, GGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the spinal cord and dorsal ganglions was significantly more numerous[ (75. 00 ±4. 30)%, (68.20 ± 2.60)% ] than those in the treatment and normal control groups[ (58. 20 ±5. 10)%, (52. 20 ±6.20)%; (37.00±4. 20)%, (34. 00 ± 1.40)%, P ＜ 0.01]. The positive nerve fibers were less strongly stained in the treatment group than those in the model group,but still stronger stained those in the normal control group, with significant difference between the three groups( P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Negative pressure on the limbs may attenuate the synthesis of CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion and pain conduction following PAOD in dogs, so that harmful afferent stimuli are inhibited to relieve the pain in the limbs.

Voltage-gated sodium channels are critical for the generation and conduction of nerve impulses. Recent studies show that in primary sensory neurons, the expression and dynamic regulation of several sodium channel subtypes play important roles in neuropathic pain. A number of SCN9A (encoding Nav1.7) gene point mutations are related with human genetic pain disorders. Transgenic and specific knockout techniques have revealed that Nav1.3, Nav1.8, Nav1.9 are important for the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain condition. Specific blockers of these sodium channels have been demonstrated to be effective in alleviating allodynia and hyperalgesia. Here we reviewed the roles of sodium channels in neuropathic pain, which may be applicable for the development of new drugs with enhanced efficacy for neuropathic pain treatment.
Animals ; Humans ; Neuralgia ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Neurons ; metabolism ; physiology ; Sodium Channels ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo determine whether a novel compound, 3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(ethyl sulfonyl)-6-methylquinoxaline 1, 4-dioxide (Q39), induces apoptosis in human leukemia cell line k562 in hypoxic environment.

METHODSMTT assay was used to determine the 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50). Flow cytometry and DAPI staining were employed to determine the apoptosis; JC-1 staining was used to determine mitochondria membrane potential (DeltaPsim); Western-blotting was used to determine protein expression of procaspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, PARP, Bax, Bcl-2 and HIF-1alpha.

RESULTSIn hypoxic environment, Q39 exerted higher antiproliferative activity in K562 cells, and the IC50 value was (0.21+/- 0.05) micromol/L. The apoptotic phenomenon was observed at 6 h after cells exposed to Q39, and apoptotic body emerged as exposure time increased. After K562 cells were incubated with Q39 for 0, 6, 12 and 24 h, the ratio of apoptotic cells was 2.8%, 3.2%, 5.9% and 19.2%, respectively. By fluorescence stain assay, an significant Delta Psim loss in K562 cells induced by Q39 was shown in a time-dependent manner. Western blot assay demonstrated that Q39 decreased the protein expression of Bcl-2, procaspase-3, and HIF-1alpha, meanwhile increased protein expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and induced the cleavage of PARP.

CONCLUSIONSThe novel compound Q39 exhibits great anticancer activity against K562 cells in hypoxic environment. Q39 can downregulate the protein expression of HIF-1alpha, and regulate the apoptosis-related protein expression to cause a drop of DeltaPsim, suggesting that mitochondria and HIF-1alpha pathway might be involved in the antiproliferative effect of Q39.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Hypoxia ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; K562 Cells ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; drug effects ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Quinoxalines ; pharmacology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Objective To explore the distribution rule of metastatic lymph node in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods 315 histopathologically proved NPC patients were studied retrospectively.All patients had had their nasopharynx scanned by MRI with plain and contrast enhanced sequences.The distribution of lymph node was divided into six cervical levels plus retro- pharyngeal nodes(RN) according to RTOG guidelines proposed in 2003.Results 254 out of 315 patients (80.6%) had lymph node involvement,with 81 in the right neck alone,72 left neck alone,and 101 both necks;73 in RN alone,21 neck node alone,and 160 both necks and RN node.Skip metastasis was found in only 4 patients (1.6%).There was significant difference in BN metastasis between the primary tumor be- ing located merely on the superior/posterior wall and lateral wall (78% vs 49%,P＜0.01).The incidence of lymph node metastasis in T1,T2,T3 and T4 patients was 73.5%,91.2%,71.9%,73.5% (P＞0.05), respectively,without significant difference between early or advanced T stage in node distribution (P＞0.05).Conclusions The incidence of lymph node metastasis is high in nasopharyngeal carcinoma,with retropharyngeal node being the most commonly involved,but the incidence of skip metastasis is very low. There is no significant difference between T stage and the incidence of lymph node metastasis.So is the dis- tribution of metastatic node.

Objective To explore the underlying relationship between hyperglycemic factors in type 2 diabe- tes.Methods Fifty seven type 2 diabetes with obesity (DM-OB)and 64 without obesity(DM-NOB)were recruited. Age,body mass index(BMI),hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c),homeostasis model assessment-2 insulin resistance (HO- MA-IR),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP),fasting plasma glucose,postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), postprandial glucose excursion(PPGE),lipid profile,blood pressure were determined.Results DM-OB subjects had significantly higher HOMA-IR,BMI,DBP,TC,hsCRP,HbAlc,LDL-C when compared with DM-NOB sub- jects.Pearson correlation analysis,in DM-OB subjects,BMI,FBG,FPG,HOMA-IR,hs-CRP were all the posi- tive relative factors(P all

Tongbu therapy, involving removing in reinforcing, is an important thought proposed by China’s famous TCM doctor ZHOU Le-nian in treating spleen and stomach diseases. This article discussed the significance of understanding of the pathogenesis, treating rules and methods, and specific prescribing and medication of chronic diarrhea, which will enlighten clinical doctors.