OBJECTIVE:To compare cost-effectiveness of Xiyanping injection and Ribavirin injection in the treatment of com-mon type hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in children,and to provide evidence for rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS:The literatures about Xiyanping injection in the treatment of common type HFMD in children using Ribavirin injection as control were retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang,PubMed,Cochrane library and other databases. The decision tree was established with TreeAge Pro 2011 software to conduct cost-effectiveness analysis. Tornado diagram was used to analyze sensitive factors;single fac-tor and double factors sensitivity analysis were also conducted. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The total cost of Xiyanping injection and Ribavirin injection were 2 887.53 and 3 058.72 yuan,respectively. The total effective rates were 92.49% and 78.12%. Xiyan-ping injection shows cost-effectiveness advantage. The results of cost-effectiveness analysis were supported by sensitivity analysis.

Objective To investigate the early clinical effects of percutaneous kyphoplasty in the treatment of age-related osteo-porotic vertebral compression fractures .Methods Retrospected 54 cases with osteoporotic verebral compression fractures were treated with PKP ,summarized early clinical effects and complications .analysis of preoperative and postoperative wound vertebral height average recovery rate ,Cobb Angle ,VAS scores and ADL scores .Results Operations in all the 54 cases were completed smoothly ,47 cases for 6 to 24 months follow-up(mean 13 .5 months) .postoperative pain in 31patients obtained remission immedi-ately ,1 week after operation ,12 cases with lower back pain and need the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications ,the symptoms remissed significantly or disappeared after 8 weeks postoperatively .At the last follow-up ,4 patients still had low back pain and need oral analgesics .Preoperative and postoperative wound vertebral height average recovery rate ,Cobb Angle ,VAS scores and ADL scores was statistically significant .Conclusion PKP is a minimally invasive ,effective and safe procedure that provides pain relief and stabilization of spinal stability and activities under the bed early ,and improves quality of life at the same time .Grasping the indi-cations Strictly and holding the surgical skills can be obtained clinical results efficiently and safely .

BACKGROUNDTo evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of gemcitabine and carboplatin (GC) versus paclitaxel and carboplatin (TC) in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSA total of 64 patients with advanced NSCLC diagnosed by pathology were randomly divided into two groups. Gemcitabine and carboplatin were administrated to the patients in GC group (n=30), and paclitaxel and carboplatin in the TC group (n=34), 28 days as a cycle. All patients received at least two cycles.

RESULTSThe overall response rate was 53.3% in the GC group and 58.8% in the TC group (P > 0.05). The main toxicities were well tolerated and consisted of leukopenia, nausea, vomiting and peripheral neuritis, which occurred more frequently in the TC group than in the GC group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBoth of the two regimens of gemcitabine plus carboplatin and paclitaxel plus carboplatin are feasible, well tolerated and effective in the treatment of NSCLC, and the former may be safer than the latter.

OBJECTIVETo explore the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), especially those in the urinary storage phase, following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), and to improve the postoperative management and patients' quality of life after TURP.

METHODSA total of 86 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) underwent TURP, and were interviewed on urinary symptoms at 1, 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after removal of the catheter. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had preoperative detrusor instability and/or compliance of the bladder (Group A) or not (Group B), and observed for the changes in IPSS scores and urinary storage symptoms after removal of the catheter.

RESULTSComplete follow-ups were achieved in 71 cases, 28 with detrusor instability and/or compliance of the bladder and the other 43 without. Their IPSS scores on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 15th and 30th day after removal of the catheter were 8.1 +/- 2.5, 7.2 +/- 3.1, 6.3 +/- 3.8, 5.3 +/- 4.2 and 2.4 +/- 3.4, respectively, with statistically significant differences between the 7th and the 1st as well as the 30th and the 15th day (P < 0.05), but not between the 1st and the3rd nor the 15th and the 7th day (P > 0.05). On the 1st day, the cardinal symptoms in the urinary storage phase were urinary frequency, urgency and incontinence; the scores on IPSS and urinary storage symptoms were 10.4 +/- 3.3 and 9.3 +/- 3.8 in Group A and 6.2 +/- 2.8 and 5.2 +/- 2.7 in Group B, with significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). After treatment with tolterodine and alpha-adrenoreceptor inhibitor, neither IPSS scores nor the scores on urinary storage symptoms showed any significant differences between Groups A and B on the 15th and 30th day (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe lower urinary tract symptoms following TURP, especially those in the urinary storage phase, are correlated with preoperative bladder function, and getting improved gradually after surgery.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Quality of Life ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Incontinence ; etiology

With rapid and efficient drug release, few side effects and excellent biodegradable properties, the reduction-sensitive carriers is not only the new hot point in the field of pharmaceutical research, but also the most promising intelligent drug carrier on clinical application. This paper reviews the latest research of reduction-sensitive drug and gene carriers, including the mechanisms of drug release and the synthesis of the reduction-sensitive conjugates, reduction-sensitive nano polymer micelles, nano vesicles, nano hollow microspheres, nano liposomes, as well as the characteristics and advantages of various kinds of carrier system. It will provide a theoretical basis for its further application.
Drug Carriers ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Micelles ; Microspheres ; Nanoparticles ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective To observe the curative effect of nourishing kidney,activating blood and expelling toxin method Chinese medicine on chronic kidney disease (CKD) ratsand influence on cellular apoptosis.Methods The UUO animal model was adopted.SD male rats were divided into the sham operation group,UUO model group,Chinese medicine low dose group and high dose group.The renal function was measured by the automatic biochemical analyzer,the renal histopathologic change was observed by HE staining,the renal tissue apoptosis rate was observed by TUNEL as well as the protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the UUO model group,the levels of serum creatinine(Scr) and urea nitrogen(BUN) in Chinese medicine various doses groups were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).In the UUO pathologic observation,renal tubular epithelial cells apoptosis,necrosis,exfoliation,inflammatory cells infiltration were found in the model group,the renal damage in the Chinese medicine various doses groups were slighter compared with the UUO group(P＜0.05).The TUNEL method detection showed that the cellular apoptosis number in the UUO group was significantly increased compared with the sham operation group,the Chinese medicine various doses groups could significantly decrease the apoptosis number(P＜0.05).Compared with the UUO model group,the level of Bcl-2 in the Chinese medicine treatment groups was markedly up-regulated,the Bax level was down-regulated,and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was increased(P＜0.05).Above results all showed the dose dependent manner.Conclusion The nourishing kidney,activating blood and expelling toxin method Chinese medicine can obviously down-regulate serum Scr and BUN levels,inhibits the renal cells apoptosis in UUO rat and regulates the Bcl-2 and Bax levels.

Aromatase is a key enzyme responsible for in vivo estrogen biosynthesis. Inhibition of the activity of the aromatase has become an alterative way for treatment of breast cancer. In this review, the structure and catalytic mechanism of the aromatase is briefly introduced followed by thorough review of the progress in the study of the steroidal and non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors. This review is focused on the natural compounds that exhibit the aromatase inhibition, which include flavonoids, xanthones, coumarins, and sesquiterpenes. The structure-activity relationship of these compounds is also discussed.
Androstenedione ; analogs & derivatives ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Aromatase ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Aromatase Inhibitors ; chemistry ; classification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Catalysis ; Coumarins ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Estrogens ; biosynthesis ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Nitriles ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Sesquiterpenes ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Triazoles ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Xanthones ; chemistry ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo detect the expression of MAP3K5 and miR-BART22 encoded by Epstein-Barr virus and explore their relationship in nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs).

METHODSFifty-three archived specimens of NPCs and 30 nasopharyngitis specimens were collected for detecting the expression of EBERs and miR-BART22 by in situ hybridization, and the expression of MAP3K5 was detected using immunohistochemistry. Ten fresh NPC and 10 fresh nasopharyngitis specimens were also obtained for determining the protein expression of MAP3K5 by Western blotting.

RESULTSEBERs were positive in all the 53 NPC specimens, and miR-BART22 was positive in 49 specimens; all the 30 nasopharyngitis specimens were negative for EBER or miR-BART22. In the 53 NPC tissues, 50 were negative for MAP3K5 expression in the cancer areas but positive in the adjacent mucosal areas, with the other 3 specimens showing a weak positivity (+). In the 30 nasopharyngitis specimens, 25 showed strong MAP3K5 positivity, 3 showed weak positivity and 2 were negative for MAP3K5 (P<0.001). Western blotting showed that the expression of MAP3K5 protein was significantly higher in nasopharyngitis than in NPC tissues (P=0.029). The expression of MAP3K5 and miR-BART22 was inversely correlated (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONCompared with the adjacent mucosal tissues, NPC tissues have a lower expression of MAP3K5 but a higher expression of miR-BART22. The expression of MAP3K5 and miR-BART22 is inversely correlated, suggesting the possibility of MAP3K5 to serve as target gene of EBV miR-BART22. miR-BART22 may inhibit the expression of MAP3K5, thus reducing the protein phosphorylation of MAPK pathway downstream genes, inhibiting NPC cell apoptosis, preventing their differentiation and promoting their escape from immune surveillance.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; genetics ; Humans ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; virology ; Tumor Escape ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; metabolism ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To reveal possible factors predicting the effect of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment on chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and optimize the utilization of ADV. METHODS: In total, 168 treatment-naive CHB patients were enrolled, including 117 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients and 51 HBeAg-negative patients who met the inclusion criteria. All patients were treated with ADV 10 mg per day for 48 weeks. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to investigate baseline factors, and responses at weeks 12 and 24 were analyzed as predictive values. RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses showed that baseline HBeAg status and HBV DNA levels significantly affected the virological response (VR) (p<0.05), baseline ALT levels were an independent predictor of serological response (SR) (p<0.05) and the body mass index (BMI) may affect the biochemical response (BR) (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the VR and SR between patients with a primary nonresponse (PNR) at week 12 and those with a VR at week 12 (p<0.01). Additionally, the VR was significantly different between patients with HBV DNA lower than 103 copies/mL at week 24 and those with greater than 103 copies/mL (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with negative HBeAg, lower HBV DNA levels and higher ALT values at baseline are more suitable for ADV treatment, whereas patients with lower BMIs may be more amenable to ALT normalization. Adjustments for treatment strategy should be considered if PNR at week 12 or HBV DNA > or =10(3) copies/mL at week 24 is observed.
Adenine ; Body Mass Index ; DNA ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Organophosphonates

Objective To investigate the role of TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway in pathogenesis of brain inju-ry during deep hypothermia circulatory arrest(DHCA). Methods BV2 microglia cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R),in vitro model for DHCA. The BV2 were randomly divided into the control group(C group)and the experimental group(O group). BV2 viability was determined by CCK-8 assay. TLR4 and its downstream signaling molecules ,MyD88 and phosphorylated NF-κB (p-p65) expressions were detected by Western blotting. TLR4 mRNA expression in BV2 microglial cells were determined by RT-PCR. Level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in culture medium was detected by ELASA. Results Compared with the group C,BV2 microglia cell viability in experiment group was obviously weaker(P<0.05). Expressions of TLR4,MyD88 and phosphorylated NF-κB(p-p65)from the experiment group increased remarkedly than those from the group C (P < 0.05). TLR4 mRNA level was higher significantly in the group O than in the group C (P < 0.01). Production of IL-6 and TNF-α in the group O were up-regulated apparently compared to the group C(P<0.01). Conclusion TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway contributed to activation of BV2 microglia cells treated by OGD/Reoxygenation ,which was probably the exactly way that involved in pathogenesis of brain injury during deep hypothermia circulatory arrest.