Objective To study the value of St George's respiratory questionaire(SGRQ)in evaluating the life quality of community patients with COPD.Methods The SGRQ score,PEF% were collected from 35 patient with COPD.Paired t test was performed to evaluate the sensitivity of SGRQ to changes of disease severity.Correla- tion coefficients were calculated to evaluate the validity.Results Three parts of the SGRQ score and the total score were significantly correlated with the changes of SGRQ(P＜0.001),SGRQ was more sensitive than PEF in evalu- ating the changes of disease severity.The three part of the scale and the total scale were significantly correlated with PEF%.Conclusion SGRQ is a valid,sensitive and feasible method in measuring the quality of life in community patients with COPD.

Objective To evaluate the expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in rectal cancer and mucosa adjacent to cancer. Methods The VDR expression of tumor tissue,mucos a 2cm apart from tumor and normal mucosa was detected by imunohistochemistry, mi crospectrophotometer and computer image analysis in 21 cases of rectal carcinoma . Results The VDR expression in rec tal tumor (2.4?0.7) significantly decreased compared to that of the norma l mucosa (6.0?0.6)(P

Objective To investigate the role of Kit signal pathway in the proliferation and spontaneous rhythmic motility of interstitial cells(ICs)in the bladder of guinea pigs.Methods Fourteen Guinea pigs aged 45-60 days were administered with Imatinib intragastrically for 20 and 40 days.Three were fed on normal saline as control.The morph and number of ICs were observed by immunofluorescence,Kit protein expression was detected by Western blot and spontaneous rhythmic motility of bladder were investigated in in vitro organ bath.Results Quite a few ICs were observed in the bladder of controls.After administration of Imatinib,the amount of ICs and the expression of Kit protein decreased gradually,and the spontaneous rhythmic contraction weakened.Conclusion ICs might be the pacemaker of bladder in guinea pigs.Kit protein might play an important role in the survival and functional maintenance of ICs.

Objective To assess the outcomes of modified spiral ileal orthotopic neobladder.Methods From January 1998 to January 2008, 32 patients (all male) underwent radical cystectomy and spiral ileal orthotopic substitution for muscle invasive bladder cancer. A segment of 40 to 45 cm ileal loop was isolated, detubularized, and reconfigured in spiral shape to form a pouch. Bilateral ureters were reimplanted by inserting the 1 cm distal segment into the pouch to form a Split-Cuff nipple.The bottom of the pouch was opened and anastomosed with the urethra (4 stitches). Results There were no perioperative deaths. The mean operative time was 281.2±48.7 min. Blood loss was 545.4±181.9 ml. Twenty cases required a blood transfusion, the mean volume of intraoprative blood transfusion was 430.8±235.9 ml. The average hospital stays were 26.8±9. 7 days. Rate of daytime continence was 93. 7% (30/32) while nighttime continence was 81.3% (26/32). Urodynamic studies were carried out in 23 cases 6 months after surgery. Neobladder capacity at first desire to urinate was 315.0± 33.4 ml(270-420 ml). The maximum neobladder capacity was 490. 3±39.7 ml(350-600 ml).The maximum flow rate (Qmax) was 16.5 ± 5.9 ml/s. Full resting pressure was 22. 5 ± 11.8 cm H2O. Peak voiding pressure was 78.3 ± 14.7 cm H2O. After mean 58. 4 months' follow up (range 22 to 132), 4 cases died of metastasis of bladder cancer. Conclusion Modified spiral ileal orthotopic neobladder is a reasonable option for treating invasive bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim(SXT)-resistance genes and drug resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from the old patients.METHODS Drug resistance of 20 E.coli strains were analyzed.The SXT-resistance genes(sul1,dfrA1,dfrA12 and dfrA17)were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The PCR products were purified and sequenced.RESULTS In 20 E.coli strains,95.0% were SXT resistant.The positive rate of genes of sul1,dfrA12 and dfrA17 were 80.0%,20.0% and 65.0%.Gene of dfrA1 was not detected out,17 strains of E.coli were found dfrA gene.The SXT-resistance gene dfrA or sul1 was detected in 18 of the 20 strains.CONCLUSIONS The SXT resistance of E.coli can be caused mainly by gene expression of dfrA and sul1,and the genes of sul1,dfrA12 and dfrA17 are all firstly found and reported in China.

Objective　To investigate the role of cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated molecule-4Ig(CTLA-4Ig) in the prevention of C57BL/6 mice autoimmune hepatitis. Methods　The C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally immunized with C57BL/6 mice liver-specific protein in complete Freund's adjuvant. At the same time CTLA-4Ig were given to observe the pathologic alteration of C57BL/6 mice liver. Results　With the increase of time of immunization, the results in the treatment group were similar to those of the control group; but inflammatory cell infiltration, hepatic cell swelling, focal necrosis and severe hepatocyte damage were found in the pathologic model group. There was a significant difference between the pathologic model group and control one. Conclusion　Autoimmune hepatitis of C57BL/6 mice can be effectively prevented by CTLA-4Ig.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the ?-lactamases in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from the elderly patients.METHODS We had an observation on 20 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae about 15 kinds of ?-lactamase gene test(blaTEM,blaSHV,blaLEN,laOKP,blaCTX-M-1 group,blaCTX-M-2 group,blaCTX-M-9 group,blaOXA-1 group,blaOXA-2 group,blaOXA-10 group,blaGES,blaPER,blaVEB,blaDHA,and blaACT-1).RESULTS Six kinds of ?-lactamase genes had been found out from these 20 strains of K.pneumoniae,namely,blaTEM,blaSHV,blaCTX-M-1 group,blaCTX-M-9 group,blaOXA-1 group,and blaDHA.Their positives were 95%,30%,50%,5%,5% and 15%.Among these 20 strains of K.pneumoniae,there were 19 ones of K.pneumoniae which at least contained 1 kind of ?-lactamase genes.Fifteen strains of K.pneumoniae were found containing more than 2 kinds of ?-lactamase genes,at the same time.Some were even tested out having 4 kinds of ?-lactamase genes.CONCLUSIONS The resistance of ?-lactamase antibiotics of these 20 strains of K.pneumoniae has a close relative to the number of ?-lactamase.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the chloramphenicol-resistant gene in Escherichia coli strains isolated from the old patients.METHODS Twenty strains of E.coli were clinically isolated.The resistance genes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and verified by DNA sequencing.RESULTS The positive rates of catB and cmlA were 20% and 20%,respectively.Two strains of E.coli were found containing catB gene and cmlA gene.CONCLUSIONS The resistance to chloramphenicol in these 20 strains of E.coli has a close relation to antimicrobial-resistance gene existed,and the genes of catB and cmlA in E.coli are all firstly found and reported in China.

0.05].In 48 patients without lymph node metastasis,there was no significant difference between the OPN-positive and OPN-negative patients in survival times.Multivariate analysis revealed that survival times was associated with patients′sex(P=0.032)and TNM stage(P

The strain of DG7 isolated from the oilwater sample in DAGANG oilfield could produce surfactant ?acids and gas in the culture medium in which the diesel was sole carbon source .The strain was Gram-negative, motive, rod and growed facultatively in the 0 to 18.5% NaCl. Based on its characters, the strain was identified as a member of the genus Aeromonas, but there were some differences between this strain and the described species of this genus in some biochemical features, suggesting that it could be a new species of the genus.