Adenosine is an important biological substance in the body. It exists extensively in intracellular and extracellular tissues. In physiological condition, adenosine remains at very low level intissue. However, under stress such as inflammation, ischemia, hypoxia, trauma, or pain etc. the adenosine concentrationwill be elevated dramatically,indicating that adenosine participates in multiple histopathological processes. Adenosine is a natural chemical messenger that binds to four subtypes( A1, A2A, A2B, A3 ) of adenosine receptors and by that, it regulates multiple kinds of physiological functions. Studies found that adenosine plays an important role in the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and coagulation system. In recent years, adenosine has been seen as an attractive option to improve the treatment of glaucoma and retinal diseases. The effects of adenosine in ophthalmology were as follows: adjusting intraocular pressure, inhibiting retinal angiogenesis, dilating retinal blood vessels, regulating retinal nerve conduction, protecting retinal photoreceptors and ganglion cells, arresting the inflammatory response. This article discusses the research progress in adenosine and its receptors as well as biological products of adenosine and projects the application of adenosine in ophthalmology.

0.05).The recurrence of pterygium was related to the age.If the age increased five years,the risk of recurrence decreased 18.1%. Conclusion The application of MMC(during) the operation could decrease the recurrence rate of pterygium.The recurrence rate of pterygium was not related to the time of application of 0.02% MMC,and detainment for 3 min was enough during the operation.

Cytomegalovirus ; genetics ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; virology ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics

BACKGROUND: Growth factor can promote the development of collateral vessels. The synergistic effects of multiple factors are obvious. Many kinds of growth factors are enriched in bone marrow serum. OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of bone marrow serum on angiogenesis in chick chorioallantoic membranes following vascular intimal injury. METHODS: A total of 70 fertilized chick eggs were incubated at (37.5±0.5) ℃ and made a window in every egg at day 7. The survival chick embryos were randomly divided into six groups: normal saline group, normal blood serum group, normal bone marrow serum group, blood serum of rabbit suffered with vascular intimal injury group, bone marrow serum of rabbit suffered with vascular intimal injury group and vascular endothelial growth factor group (n=10), which were respectively treated with 5 μL rabbit normal blood serum, 5 μL rabbit normal bone marrow serum, 5 μL blood serum of rabbit suffered with vascular intimal injury, 5 μL bone marrow serum of rabbit suffered with vascular intimal injury, 5 μL normal saline and 0.3 μg vascular endothelial growth factor in chick chorioallantoic membranes, for 3 consecutive days. Pictures were taken by a digital camera, and the total number of the vessels around the disc was measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The total numbers of vessels in normal bone marrow serum group and blood serum of rabbit suffered with vascular intimal injury group were obviously higher than that of normal blood serum group. Large and middle vessels were obviously proliferated. Large and middle vessels were more observed in the blood serum of rabbit suffered with vascular intimal injury group. These indicated that normal bone marrow serum can stimulate angiogenesis in models of chick chorioallantoic membranes. Compared with vascular endothelial growth factor, both the normal bone serum and the bone marrow serum of rabbit suffered from vascular intimal injury were more effective in angiogenesis. The blood serum and bone marrow serum from vascular intimal injured rabbit at day 7 can significantly promote angiogenesis in chick chorioallantoic membranes, which was better than the vascular endothelial growth factor group.

Alimentary tract duplications are rare congenital anomalies that usually present in childhood and occasionally in adults. They are most common in the ileum, but can occur anywhere along the alimentary tract from the mouth to the anus. We report a 24-year-old woman who presented with a giant chylous ileum cyst duplication. To our knowledge, there is only one other report of a patient with a giant chylous cyst in the literature.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Cysts ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Ileum ; surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To investigate the correlation between pathogens and spectrum of disease in infants with human cytomegalovirus(HCMV) active infection.Methods A total of 378 cases of HCMV infection diagnosed by the identification of HCMV IgM or PP65 antigen of HCMV.HCMV gB genotyping was carried out by nested PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) in 107 cases.The results of pathogen,spectrum of disease and clinic feature were analyzed.Results In all 378 infant patients with HCMV,27.78% were systemic infection and 72.22% involved just single organ.Hepatitis,HCMV inclusion disease,thrombocytopenic purpura,pneumonia were pre- dominant with 33.07%,27.78%,13.49%,6.35% respectively.The rate of HCMV inclusion dis ease in infants younger than 2 weeks was higher than in those aged from 3 12 weeks(P ~ 0.05) and children older than 12 weeks(P＜0.01).Infants with higher rate of PP65 antigen positive cells were apt to systemic infection than those with lower rate of PP65 positive cells(P＜0.01).Infants,who were positive by detections of all three methods,were apt to systemic infection than others(P＜0.01). Moreover,infants positive of IgM and PP65 antigen were apt to systemic infection than those just positive by one of the two methods(P＜0.01).The result of gB genotype analysis in 107 cases showed 53 cases of gBⅠ,20 of gBⅡ.18 of gBⅢ.7 of gBⅠ+gBⅡ,5 of gBⅠ+gBⅢand 4 of gBⅡ+gBⅢ,and gBⅣwas not found.Conclusion HCMV could infect multiple organs and have some different clinic features.Combination of different methods can increase the sensitivity to detect the pathogen.The gBⅠgenotype is most prevalent in these infants.

Objective To establish a gene diagnosis assay for spinal muscular atrophy(SMA) in children. Method Analysis of the survival motor neuron (SMN) gene in 19 SMA patients and in 21 normal controls were performed by using polymerase chain reaction - fragment length polymorphism (PCR - RFLP) method. Result Deletion of exon 7and 8 in SMNt gene were found in all 19 SMA patients, while no such changes were found in normal controls. Conclusion The SMNt gene exon 7 and 8 examine can be applied to SMA gene diagnosis, and the PCR- RFLP method have higher sensitivity and particularity to the SMA diagnosis.

Objective To analyze the concentration of epithelial cell derived neutrophil-activating protein 78(CXCL-5) in the sy-(novial) fluid(SF) and peripheral blood in children with rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and evaluate its clinical relevance to the disease development.Methods SF and peripheral sera were taken from 26 children with RA and 16 healthy controls,and CXCL-5 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).CXCL-5 in SF was also measured in RA children after receiving steroid treatment.Results The levels of CXCL-5 was significantly higher than that in the SF of RA children compared with healthy controls(P0.05).Interestingly,CXCL-5 markedly decreased in RA children after steroid treatment(P

Exosome is a self-secreted phospholipid bilayer nanovesicles, and has shown great potential in drug delivery field due to the important advantages of low immunogenicity and homologous targeting. Phototherapy, mainly includes photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), utilize light to activate photoactive drug for tumor cell killing. The advanced therapeutic strategy shows low toxic side-effect and non-invasion precise advantages, and thus has made great progress in tumor treatment over the past few years. Therefore, using exosomes as a drug delivery system to deliver phototherapeutic agents can improve therapeutic performances with a reduced side-effect, and further enhance their application potential for clinical tumor therapy. This review focus on the rising cross-subjects field involving exosomes and phototherapy, and mainly introduce the research progress and relative case of exosomes-based delivery system for cancer phototherapy. Additionally, the advantages and challenges of exosome-based phototherapy are also discussed and proposed.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation effects of recombinant human CuZn superoxide dismutase(rhSOD) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by meconium aspiration in rats.

METHODS1 ml/kg of 20% human newborn meconium suspension was intratracheally (IT) administrated to induce the model of ALI in 32 male Sprage-Dawley rats, and the animals were then randomized to 4 groups: 3 treatment groups with IT administration of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg rhSOD dissolved in 1 ml/kg saline and the control group with IT administration of 1 ml/kg saline. The animals were killed after 24 h of treatments. The measurements included lung tissue wet/dry ratio, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein, BALF protein/plasma protein (pulmonary permeability index, PPI),lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, nitric oxide (NO) and 8-isoprostane levels. Lung injury score was also evaluated.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, pulmonary MPO activity, NO and 8-isoprostane levels were significantly decreased and SOD activity was markedly increased in all rhSOD treatment groups (P<0.05 or 0.01). Compared with the rhSOD 5 mg/kg group, pulmonary 8-isoprostane level was further low in the rhSOD 20 mg/kg group(P=0.01). Lung injury score was decreased in rhSOD 20 mg/kg group (P<0.05). But there were no statistically differences in lung wet/dry, BALF protein and PPI among all groups.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that a single IT dose of 5,10 or 20 mg/kg rhSOD can prevent lung damages in rats with ALI following meconium aspiration.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lung ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Meconium ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; pharmacology