Objective To observe the effect of modified Qinghao Biejia Decoction ( QBD) on Th17 cells and renal pathology of MRL/lpr mice with spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods Thirty-two female MRL/lpr mice aged 8 to 10 weeks were divided into 4 groups: model group, Chinese medicine group, prednisone group, and combination group, 8 mice in each group. Eight female C57BL/6 mice aged 8 to 10 weeks served as normal control. Mice in Chinese medicine group were given concentrated solution of modified QBD (19.25 g·kg-1·d-1), mice in the prednisone group were given water solution of prednisone acetate (8.75 mg·kg-1·d-1) , mice in the combination group were given the above two kinds of medicine, and mice in the model group and normal control group were given physiological saline. After medication for 7 weeks, spleens and kidneys in all of the groups were taken out for the experiment. Th17 cells in splenic mononuclear cell suspension were detected by flow cytometry, the pathological changes of renal tissue were observed under light microscope, and activity index (AI) of renal tissue in lupus nephritis mice was scored. Results The proportion of Th17 cells in the model group was significantly higher than that of normal control group ( P<0.05) . The proportion of Th17 cells in Chinese medicine group and combination group was lower than that of the model group ( P<0.05) , and prednisone group had higher proportion of Th17 cells than Chinese medicine group ( P<0.05) . Compared with the model group, pathological changes of renal tissue were relieved, and AI scores were decreased in Chinese medicine group, the prednisone group and the combination group ( P<0.05) . Except for the normal control group , AI scores in all groups were positively correlated with the proportion of Th17 cells ( r=0.77, P<0.01) . Conclusion Modified QBD can inhibit the expression of Th17 cells and improve the pathological changes of MRL/lpr mice with lupus nephritis.

Objective To study the effect of the long-term administration of hemocoagulasein vitro and in vivo,whether it may cause hypofibrinogenemia and changes of cytokine interleukin-6(IL-6) expression level which related to fibrinogen synthesis.Methods Totally 50 healthy subjects pooled plasma was chose in vitro experiments,which was divided into 7 groups.After that,added various of dilutions of injection hemocoagulase and incubated at 37 ℃,detected FIB concentration every 12 h.In vivo experiments,80 rats with six-week old were randomly divided into 4 groups:negative control group,high-dose group,middle-dose group,low-dose group,After 3 weeks administration,the serum level of Ⅴfactor,Ⅷ factor,PT,activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT),FIB,IL-6 was detected.Results Hemocoagulase in vitro had a strong role to reduce fibrin,and showed a significant dose-dependent and time-dependent;Hemocoagulase prolonged low-dose use might reduce the concentration of FIB in mice,but theⅤfactor,Ⅷ factor,PT,APTT,TT were not significantly affected.Compared with the negative control group,FIB and IL-6 concentration decreased in high-dose group,middle-dose group,low-dose group and had statistically significant differences (P<0.05);The level of FIB among the groups had statistically significant differences (P<0.05).The APTT of the middle and high dose groups was slightly prolonged,which was significantly different from that of the negative control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Hemocoagulase has a strong effect to reduce the concentration of fibrin,when there is a long-term medication,fibrin concentration of the patient should be closely monitored,hemocoagulase not only directly decomposed fibrin,but also may affect the synthesis of IL-6,the specific mechanism needs further study.

This study was aimed to evaluate the hemostatic effect and mechanism of action for water decoction of Blumea megacephala (Randeria) Chang et Tseng in order to understand its influence to the liver function. The glass slides method and capillary tube method were used in the measurement of the coagulation time (CT). And the tail-cutting method was used to measure the bleeding time (BT), prothrombin time (PT), activated part clotting live en-zyme time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), content of plasma fibrinogen (FIB), platelet count (PLC), plasma complex cal-cium time (PRT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). The results showed that intragastric administration with different doses of water decoction of Blumea megacephala (Randeria) Chang et Tseng (6.7 g·kg-1, 13.4 g·kg-1, 26.8 g·kg-1) can reduce CT and BT of mice. And intragastric administration with different doses of wa-ter decoction of Blumea megacephala (Randeria) Chang et Tseng (4.7 g·kg-1, 9.4 g·kg-1, 18.9 g·kg-1) can produce different degrees of impact on PT, APTT, TT and PRT of rats. Certain dose of water decoction of Blumea megacepha-la (Randeria) Chang et Tseng can reduce ALT and AST. It was concluded that Blumea megacephala (Randeria) Chang et Tseng had the hemostatic effect and its mechanism of action may be through the activation of the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation system. There was no obvious damage to the liver.

?AIM:To investigate and analyze diabetic retinopathy ( DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes in local community and risk factors of type 2 diabetic retinopathy, and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of diabetic.?METHODS:Randomly 268 cases with type 2 diabetes from community health management files from January to March 2015 were selected. Fundus photography was read through the remote reading system, demographic data and laboratory indexes of DR were analyzed.?RESULTS:In the 268 cases with type 2 diabetes, 85 cases were diagnosed as DR ( 31. 7%); there were statistical difference on gender, duration, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, urine creatinine between patients with DR and without ( P<0. 05 ). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed, duration, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c were independent risk factors of DR(P<0. 05).?CONCLUSION:Long duration, high blood pressure, high blood glucose are main risk factors of DR, we should strengthen the monitoring of blood pressure, blood glucose and prevent the happening of the DR.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; etiology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; pathology ; Male

Objective To study the bacteriological characteristics and the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) on eczema and atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods A multi-center randomized, double blind bacteriological study on the lesions and non-lesional skin of patients with eczema (207) and AD (119) were carried out. The antibiotic sensitivity and the bacteriophage typing were performed on all the S. aureus isolated from the patients. Results There were statistical differences in the positive rate of the culture, the ratio and the colonization of S. aureus between the lesion and the non-lesional skin in eczema (P

AIMTo investigate the glycosidic constituents in the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum Hance.

METHODSThe isolation and purification of glycosides were done with column chromatography on macro porous resin, polyamides and Sephadex LH-20, whilst the structure elucidation was done by HRCI-MS and NMR (1D and 2D) methods.

RESULTSA glycosidic ester identified as 4'-hydroxy-2'-methoxyphenol-beta-D-{6-0-[4"-hydroxy-3", 5"-dimethoxy (benzoate)]}-glucopyranoside (I), along with a known compound n-butyl-beta-D-fructopyranoside (II), were isolated and characterized.

CONCLUSIONI was found to be a new compound, named as alpinoside A, whilst II was isolated from the genus Alpinia for the first time.

Alpinia ; chemistry ; Fructose ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to determine the short-term and long-term outcomes of critically ill patients with acute respiratory insufficiency who had received sedation or no sedation. METHODS: The data of 91 patients who had received mechanical ventilation in the first 24 hours between November 2008 and October 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into two groups: a sedation group (n=28) and a non-sedation group (n=63). The patients were also grouped in two groups: deep sedation group and daily interruption and /or light sedation group. RESULTS: Overall, the 91 patients who had received ventilation ≥48 hours were analyzed. Multivariate analysis demonstrated two independent risk factors for in-hospital death: sequential organ failure assessment score (P=0.019, RR 1.355, 95％CI 1.051–1.747, B=0.304, SE=0.130, Wald=50483) and sedation (P=0.041, RR 5.015, 95％CI 1.072–23.459, B=1.612, SE=0.787, Wald=4.195). Compared with the patients who had received no sedation, those who had received sedation had a longer duration of ventilation, a longer stay in intensive care unit and hospital, and an increased in-hospital mortality rate. The Kaplan-Meier method showed that patients who had received sedation had a lower 60-month survival rate than those who had received no sedation (76.7％ vs. 88.9％, Log-rank test=3.630, P=0.057). Compared with the patients who had received deep sedation, those who had received daily interruption or light sedation showed a decreased in-hospital mortality rate (57.1％ vs. 9.5％, P=0.008). The 60-month survival of the patients who had received deep sedation was significantly lower than that of those who had daily interruption or light sedation (38.1％vs. 90.5％, Log-rank test=6.783, P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Sedation was associated with in-hospital death. The patients who had received sedation had a longer duration of ventilation, a longer stay in intensive care unit and in hospital, and an increased in-hospital mortality rate compared with the patients who did not receive sedation. Compared with daily interruption or light sedation, deep sedation increased the in-hospital mortality and decreased the 60-month survival for patients who had received sedation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of enriched environment and impoverished environment on the learning and memory ability of manganese-exposed mice and the mechanism.

METHODSForty female Kunming mice were randomly and equally divided into 4 group: control group (CG), standard environment and manganese exposure group (SEG), enriched environment and manganese exposure group (EEG), and impoverished environment and manganese exposure group (IEG). The mouse model of manganese poisoning was established by intraperitoneal injection of manganese chloride. The learning and memory ability was tested by Morris water maze. The expression of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in area CA1 of the hippocampus was measured by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSIn place navigation test, the SEG had a significantly longer escape latency than the CG (P < 0.05), and the EEG had a significantly shorter escape latency than the SEG (P < 0.05); there was no significant difference in escape latency between IEG and SEG (P > 0.05). In spatial probe test, the EEG had a significantly greater number of platform crossings than the SEG (P < 0.05), and the IEG had a significantly smaller number of platform crossings than the SEG (P < 0.05). The expression of CREB in area CA1 of the hippocampus was significantly lower in IEG and SEG than in CG (P < 0.05), and it was significantly higher in EEG than in SEG (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn the enriched environment, the learning and memory ability of manganese-exposed mice can be improved, which may be due to the increased expression of CREB in the hippocampus.

Animals ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Environment ; Female ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Learning ; drug effects ; Manganese Poisoning ; metabolism ; Memory ; drug effects ; Mice

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect and mechanism of penehyclidine hydrochloride on paraquat-induced acute lung injury.

METHODS80 healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into control groups (10 rats), 100 mg/kg PQ group (10 rats), 100 mg/kg PQ plus 33 µg/kg penehyclidine hydrochloride treatment group (30 rats), 100 mg/kg PQ plus 66 µg/kg penehyclidine hydrochloride treatment group (30 rats). The two treatment groups were executed respectively at 36 h, 72 h and 7 d. Lung tissues were used to assess histopathological change by HE staining. The level of MMP-2, caveolin-1 and HYP were detected in the lung homogenate. The serum and BALF contents of ET were measured.

RESULTSPathology inspection confirmed that the model of acute rat pulmonary injury were duplicated successfully. The level of MMP-2, HYP in lung tissues and the serum and BALF ET contents in PQ group were (1.77 ± 0.40) µg/g, (2.91 ± 0.79) µg/g, (505.23 ± 124.69) µg/ml, (640.38 ± 136.60) µg/ml. The level of those was higher than that in control group [(0.95 ± 0.66) µg/g, (1.48 ± 0.69) µg/g, (95.48 ± 46.01) µg/ml, (200.40 ± 88.39) µg/ml, P < 0.05]; The above-mentioned index in two treatment groups was lower than that in PQ group (P < 0.05). The caveolin-1 content [(1.77 ± 0.82) µg/g] in PQ group was lower than that in control group [(5.39 ± 1.68) µg/g, P < 0.05]. The level of caveolin-1 in two treatment groups was higher than that in PQ group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPenehyclidine hydrochloride can decrease the level of MMP-2, HYP in lung tissues and the ET in serum and BALF, increase that of caveolin-1 and lessen the damage induced by paraquat.

Acute Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Animals ; Caveolin 1 ; metabolism ; Endothelins ; metabolism ; Hydroxyproline ; metabolism ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Paraquat ; toxicity ; Quinuclidines ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar