In recent years,with the development of neuroimaging and the progress in related clinical studies,people have had a better understanding of posterior circulation ischemia.This article reviews the progress in the causes,mechanisms,clinical manifestations,diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of posterior circulation ischemia.

0.05). The median duration of survival was 11.5 months for TEP gr oup versus 8.5 months for EP group (P0.05,no statistical difference). The main toxicity wa s myelosuppression for the two groups.The incidence rate of Ⅲ～Ⅳ degree neutro p enia and thrombocytopenia was higher in the TEP group than that in the EP group( P

Objective To study the renal protective effect of perindopril in diabetic rats. Methods The following groups of rats were studied: normal control rats ,diabetic control rats and diabetic rats treated with perindopril (2mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ) . After 4 weeks or 12 weeks treatment , alterations of renal ultrastructure were observed in each group, Urinary albumin excretion was observed every 4 weeks.Results Urinary albumin excretion of diabetic rats treated with perindopril were significantly lower than that of diabetic untreated group(P

Female ; Genital Neoplasms, Female ; classification ; pathology ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; pathology ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Precancerous Conditions ; pathology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; pathology ; virology ; World Health Organization

Objective　To observe the effect of losartan on urinary albumin excretion in streptozotocin diabetic rats.Methods　The following groups of rats were studied:normal control rats(NC),diabetic control rats (DC),diabetic rats treated with losartan 〔20mg/(kg*d)〕(DL) and diabetic rats treated with perindopril （2mg/(kg*d)〕(DP).Urinary albumin was observed at the 4th、8th、12th and 16th week.Results　Urinary albumin excretion of diabetic rats treated with losartan or perindopril were significantly lower than that of diabetic untreated group (P＜0.01).The effect was not different between losartan treated and perindopril treated rats.Conclusion　The results suggested that losartan can reduce urinary albumin excretion in diabetic rats.

Objective To observe the effects of blocking renin-angiotensin system with losartan or perindopril on renal angiotensinⅡand its type 1 receptor （AT1R） expression in STZ-induced （diabetic） rats. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: normal control group （NC） and （diabetic） group. Diabetes was induced by STZ （65 mg/kg） abdominal injection. Four weeks later, diabetic rats were further divided into 4 groups: diabetic rats treated with losartan (DL, 20 mg·kg-1·d-1),diabetic rats treated with perindopril (DP,2 mg·kg-1·d-1) and diabetic untreated control group（DC）. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure plasma and renal angiotensin （Ⅱ.）Expression of AT1R was detected by RT-PCR in each group before and after 12 week′s treatment. Results At the 4th week, renal AT1R expression decreased. At the 16th week, plasma angiotensinⅡ,renal angiotensinⅡand AT1R mRNA in diabetic untreated group were significantly higher than those in normal rats. （Renal） angiotensinⅡand AT1R in losartan or perindopril-treatmented group were significantly lower than those in DC group. Conclusion Intrarenal RAS is abnormal in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Renoprotective effects of losartan and perindopril may partly induced by inhibiting renal angiotensinⅡ and AT1R （expression.）

Diverticulum ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

AIM: To study p42/p44 mitogen - activated protein kinases ( MAPK ) signal transduction pathway effect on vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) expression induced by elevated glucose concentration in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium ( hRPE) .
METHODS:hRPE cells were cultured and divided into four groups:normal glucose group (NG) (5. 6mmol/L), high glucose group ( HG1:15mmol/L D-glucose, HG2:20mmol/L D - glucose, HG3:30mmol/L D - glucose ), PD98059 group: hRPE cells were treated by an efficient and selective inhibitor PD98059 (20μmol/L) of p42/p44MAPK signal transduction pathway and solvent dimethyl sulfoxide group ( DMSO group) . The expression of VEGF and pigment epithelium derived factor ( PEDF ) mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. VEGF protein expression in cultured hRPE supernatants was detected by enzyme-linked immumosorbent assay ( ELISA) .
RUSULTS: VEGF mRNA and protein expression induced by elevated glucose concentration increased significantly. VEGF mRNA and protein expression were restrained in PD98059 group. Ratio of ( VEGF/β-actine)/( PEDF/β - actine ) in PD98059 group decreased significantly compare with that in high glucose group.
CONCLUSION: p42/p44MAPK signal transduction pathway might play a part in VEGF expression induced by elevated glucose concentration in cultured hRPE cells.

Adult ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Blood Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Silicosis ; blood

Objective To compare the clinical value of uterine submucosal myoma classification by two dimensional and three-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and surgical pathologic results.Methods The imaging data of ultrasonographic hysterography including 2D and 3D of 124 patients with uterine submucosal myoma were retrospectively analyzed,and the results were compared with the surgical pathologic results.The diagnostic accuracy of uterine submucosal myoma classification and the operation success rate of uterine submucosal myoma for Ⅰ grade by ultrasonographic hysterography including 2D and 3D were compared.Results The patients were diagnosed pathologically with 0,Ⅰ and Ⅱ grade of uterine submucosal myoma in 26 cases,52 cases,68 cases,respectively.The patients were diagnosed by 2D ultrasonic sonohysterography with 0 grade,Ⅰ grade and Ⅱ grade of uterine submucosal myoma in 26 cases,62 cases,58 cases,respectively.The patients were diagnosed by 3D ultrasonic sonohysterography with 0,Ⅰ and Ⅱ grade of uterine submucous myoma in 26 cases,52 cases,68 cases,respectively.For pathological results as thegold standard,the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of uterine submucosal myoma for 0 grade by 2D and 3D ultrasonic sonohysterography were all 100.00％.The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of uterine submucosal myoma for Ⅰ and Ⅱ grade by 2D ultrasonic sonohysterography were 92.32％,79.46％,85.00％,respectively.The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of uterine submucosal myoma for Ⅰ and Ⅱ grade by 3D ultrasonic sonohysterography were 96.24％,88.24％,91.76％,respectively.There were significant differences in the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of submucosal myoma of uterus for Ⅰ and Ⅱ grade by 2 D and 3 D ultrasonic sonohysterography (x2 =3.21,2.78,2.17,2.33,all P ＜ 0.05).The patients diagnosed as uterine submucous myoma for 0 grade all underwent the hysteroscopic surgery for successful resection,while the patients with uterine submucous myoma for Ⅱ grade underwent laparoscopic surgery or open surgery.The operation success rates of uterine submucous myoma for Ⅰ grade by hysteroscopic surgery diagnosed by 2D and 3D ultrasonic sonohysterography were 75.81％,98.07％,respectively.The operation success rate of uterine submucous myoma for Ⅰ grade by hysteroscopic surgery diagnosed by 3D ultrasonic sonohysterography was significantly higher than that diagnosed by 2D ultrasonic sonohysterography (x2 =7.15,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The accuracy of uterine submucosal myoma classification by 3D ultrasonographic hysterography is better than 2D ultrasonographic hysterography.