Objective To evaluate transurethral ultrasonic scanning in the diagnosis and staging of bladder tumor. Methods Form 1996 to 2000 transurethral ultrasonography(TUUS) was carried out for 70 cases of bladder cancer and the findings were compared with cystoscopy,transabdominal ultrasonography(TAUS),CT,MRI and pathological studies. Results The diagnosis rate of TUUS has been 99.1% being better than cystoscopy and TAUS.The accurate staging rate was 100.0% in stage T 1 tumors, 95.8% in stage T 2,82.4% in stage T 3 and 55.6% in stage T 4. Conclusions TUUS can clearly reveal the depth of tumor infiltration and therefore is an important method for the diagnosis and staging of early bladder tumor.

Objective:To explore androgynous female college students' personality traits,physical and psycho- logical symptom and adaptation to college life.Methods:A cluster sample of 1081 female college students was tested with the Chinese Sex Role Inventory (CSBI),NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R),Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90),and China College Student Adjustment Scale (CCSAS).Results:(1) The percentage of four gender role stereotypes,including masculine,feminine,androgynous and undifferentiated,were 23.8%,24.1%, 25.1%,27.1% respectively.(2) Androgynous female college students' score of extraversion,openness,agreeable- ness,conscientiousness were highest,for example,androgynous female college students' score of extraversion was (3.7?0.4),but androgynous female college students' score (2.1?0.6) of neuroticism was lowest.In contrast,un- differentiated female college students' scores of extraversion (3.1?0.5),openness,agreeableness,conscientious- ness were lowest,androgynous female college students' score (2.8?0.6) of neuroticism was highest.For other gender role stereotypes,female college students' score was between androgynous and undifferentiated.(3) As to all factors of physical and psychological symptom,androgynous female college students' scores were lowest,but undifferentiated fe- male college students' scores were highest.For example,anxiety score of androgynous female college students was (1.4?0.4),and that of undifferentiated female college students was (1.6?0.6);depression score of androgynous female college students was (1.4?0.4),and that of undifferentiated female college students was (1.6?0.6). (4) Androgynous female college students' adjustment of interpersonal relationship (37.6?5.7) was better than that of undifferentiated female college students (29.4?6.5).Other gender role stereotypes' adjustment scores of interper- sonal relationship were between androgynous and undifferentiated female college students.Conclusion:Although an- drngynous female college students' personality trait,physical and psychological symptom and adaptation to college life are better than other gender role stereotypes statistically,these results need more deeply research.

Objective To investigate the effect of different target plasma concentrations (Cp) of remifentanil on sedative effect of propofol. Methods Eighty adult ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 18-60 yr undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 20 each). Anesthesia was induced with TCI of remifentanil (Cp = 2, 4 and 8 ng/ml in group Ⅱ-Ⅳ respectively) and propofol TCI (the initial Cp of propofol was 2 μg/ml in the 4 groups). Then the Cp of propofol increased by 0.5 μg/ml every 1 min until BIS value decreased to 50. BIS value and the Cp of propofol were recorded as the patient lost consciousness.The Cp and consumption of propofol were recorded when BIS value decreased to 50. Results BIS value was significantly increased, while the Cp of propofol was significantly decreased as the patient lost consciousness, and the Cp and consumption of propofol were significantly decreased when BIS value decreased to 50 in group Ⅲ - Ⅳ compared with group Ⅰ (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Remifentanil 4 ng/ml is the suitable Cp for anesthesia when combined with propofol.

Objective To find out a new teaching pattern of Medical Statistics for medical postgraduate students.Methods To manifest the longitudinal thought of the medical research process from the teaching idea,the teaching content arrangement and the teaching method utilization.Results To discuss the superiority of the new pattern which provides the content frame and the teaching method based on the integrating theory and the practice.Conclusion The teaching reformation of Medical Statistics must be advantageous in improving the learner’s power of the medical scientific research,including selection of the scientific research topic,application of project,the quality control of the project,analysis of the material and inference of the conclusion,paper writing,self-appraisement and achievement evaluation.

Objective:To probe into clinical therapeutic effects of separated TCM compound recipe Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction for combination of disease and syndrome,so as to further expound the law of TCM recipe formulation.Methods:By using randomized double blind placebo control method,123 cases were randomly divided into Xuefu Zhuyu group,refine Xuefu Zhuyu group,drug-pair group and placebo group.Each ease was administered 10ml each time,thrice daily,4 weeks as one course.Results:The therapeutic effect for angina pectoris of coronary heart disease was in order of Xuefu Zhuyu group,refine Xuefu Zhuyu group,drug-pair group and placebo group(P

Objective To explore the experience of self-perceived burden in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and provide evidence for clinical nursing interventions.Methods Indepth interviews were conducted among 17 patients with COPD using phenomenological method of qualitative research.Data were analyzed with the Colaizzi's method.Results 3 themes was identified:self-accusation and guilt,loss of dignity and powerlessness,concern and insecurity.Conclusions Nurses should take the experience of SPB in patients with COPD seriously and take the influence of SPB into account during the process of nursing interventions and evaluation.

Objective To study the expressions of metadherin (MTDH),E-cadherin and β-catenin in the tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),to investigate the relationship between them and the clinical-pathological features,and to evaluate the prognostic values after surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods The protein expressions of MTDH,E-cadherin and β-catenin were studied by immunohistochemistry in tumor tissues of 107 HCC patients who underwent curative surgical resection.The data were correlated with the clinical-pathological data,tumor free time and recurrence rate.Results Positive expression of MTDH and nuclear β-catenin accumulation were correlated with the Edmondson grade (P＜0.05) and decreased E-cadherin expression was correlated with the preoperative serum level of α-fetoprotein (AFP) (P＜0.05).All these expressions were associated with a shorter tumor-free survival and a higher recurrence rate (P＜0.05).Positive MTDH expression was correlated with decreased E-cadherin expression and nuclear β-catenin accumulation (P＜0.05).On Cox regression analysis,MTDH was an independent risk factor of tumour recurrence (RR=3.431,CI=1.254～ 7.318).Conclusions Positive MTDH expression,decreased E-cadherin expression,and nuclear β-catenin accumulation indicated a higher recurrence rate after curative surgical resection for HCC.MTDH was an independent risk factor of recurrence.

Aim To investigate the roles of intracellu-lar reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) and Nrf2 pathway in shikonin-induced A549 cell apoptosis. Methods The cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTT assay. The ap-optosis of A549 cells was analyzed by both cellular morphological and biochemical methods. The relative changes of the redox marks ( ROS/GSH) were studied by fluorescence assay in the shikonin-treated A549 cells in accompany with the changes of the intracellular redox homeostasis by GSH/GSSG ratio. ROS inhibitor was also employed in the treatment to find the role of ROS in shikonin-induced A549 cell apoptosis. Real-time PCR analysis and ELISA assay were performed as well to determine the role of Nrf2 pathway in the shiko-nin-induced A549 cell apoptosis. Results The IC50 of shikonin on A549 cells was 3. 2 mg·L-1 . The cellu-lar redox homeostasis shifted toward oxidation signifi-cantly in shikonin treatment in a time-dependent man-ner. The expression of the Nrf2 pathway related genes was up-regulated by shikonin ( 3 . 2 mg · L-1 , 8 h ) . The expression of the anti-apoptotic genes was down-regulated , and proapoptotic genes were up-regulated by shikonin (3. 2 mg·L-1, 24h). Futhermore, the inhi-bition of intracellular ROS alleviated the cytotoxicity of shikonin in A549 cells. Conclusion The critical role of shikonin-induced redox imblance in A549 cell, coped with the secondary produced ROS and Nrf2 path-way antioxidants, result in A549 cell apoptosis.

Objective To study the relationship between ischemic mitral regurgitation and geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets in patients with coronary artery disease and papillary muscle dysfunction by transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) ,and to evaluate anatomy and pathophysiology mechanicm of the ischemic mitral regurgitation with left ventricular papillary muscle dysfunction .Methods A total of 84 subjects were enrolled in this study .All of the subjects were divided into group A (healthy volunteers constituted the control group ,n =40) ,group B (chronic inferior or posterior myocardial infarction patients with papillary muscle dysfunction group ,n =44) ,group C(patients from group B after mitral valvuloplasty surgery ,n = 20) .The relationship between mitral regurgitation and geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets and mitral annulus were studied by TEE .Results Geometric angle between the mitral valve leaflets and mitral annulus were significantly larger in group B ,and geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets and mitral annulus was positive correlated with degree of mitral regurgitation .Degree of mitral regurgitation significantly reduced in group C ,no significant difference was found at the geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets and mitral valve annular compared with group A .Conclusions The degree of mitral regurgitation were highly correlated with geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets and mitral valve annular in patients with left ventricular papillary muscle dysfunction caused by coronary heart disease .Repair of the mitral valve leaflets surgery can significantly reduce geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets and mitral valve annular ,and reduce the degree of mitral regurgitation significantly .

Objective: To study the distribution of flavonoids among the plants for medicinal use of Selaginella . Methods: HPCE analysis was carried out on the ethyl acetate extracts of 18 Selaginella plants (from 11 species), using MECC separation model. Results: HPCE fingerprints of 18 Selaginella plants were established with quercetin as interanl standard and relative migration time and relative peak area as parameters. Conclusion: The contributions of flavonoids has not only generity, but also difference among the tested samples.