The effects of ketotifen, cimetidine & erythromycin on thebphy-lline pharmacokinetics in rabbits were studied. The results suggested that the elimination half-life of theophylline decresed from 2.74 ? 0.75 to 2.33 ? 0.56 h & the clearance of theophylline increased from 0.15?0.036 to 0.13 ? 0.047 1/kg?h-1 by ketotifen.The elimination half-life of theophylline increased from 2 .08 ? 0.33 to 2.6l?0.45 h & the clearance decreased from 0.2l?0.03 to 0.16?0.03 1/kg?h-1 by cimetidine.The elimination half-life of theophylline increased from 2.39 ? 0.43 to 3.54?0.89 h & the clearance decreased from 0.15?0.03 to 0.12?0.03 1/kg?h-1 by erythromycin.

Abstract?Since the introduction of 25-gauge/23-gauge ( 25G/23G ) sutureless micro -incision vitrectomy surgery ( MIVS ) at the beginning of the 21 century, we have stepped into an era of micro-incision vitreoretinal surgery more than10a. The current 25/23G MIVS provide numerous advantages over the conventional 20G vitrectomy surgery including simplified surgical procedure, shortened operating time, decreased complications as well as smaller sclerotomy wound.As a result, vitreoretinal surgeons have been shifting gradually from 20-gauge to 25/23-gauge vitrectomy in the past decade. As the 25/23G MIVS adapted worldwide, however, its drawbacks were also increasingly reported. Most criticism regarding to current 25/23G MIVS are focusing on would sealing related complications.Based on stablished notion regarding vitrectomy -“the smaller the better”, researchers and doctors were keeping on exploring the next generation of vitrectomy system. Thanks to the innovation and development in new generation vitrectomy machines, high lumen output light source, more delicate manufacturing technology and clear wild angle fundus view system, Dr.Oshima from Japan launched the first 27-gauge vitrectomy surgery system.It provided us novel surgical experience with smaller sclerotomy wound and faster cut rate. Further development and refinement of vitrectomy with 27-gauge or more are still on its way and will continue in the future. Undoubtedly, MIVS would be heated debated regarding its pro/con, complications, indications and future development.Combined with our own experiences, here we briefly reviewed the 27-gauge vitrectomy surgery.

Objective To investigate new cases of endemic cretinism in high-risk areas of Inner Mongolia, the prevalence of endemic goiter, the implementation of comprehensive measures, and to provide scientific basis for developing control strategies against iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Methods In 2007 and 2008, a search for new cretin cases was conducted among children under the age of 10 in 11 historical serious epidemic cretinism prevalent areas of Songshan district, Keshiketeng qi, Kalaqin qi, Zhalaite qi, Zhuozi county,Liangcheng county, Qingshuihe county, Helin county, Dongsheng district, Zhungeer qi and Yinjinhuoluo qi. Three to 5 towns were selected in each qi(county, district) and 3 to 5 village primary schools were selected in each town.One hundred and twenty to 200 children aged 8 to 10 were selected in each school to inspect thyroid by B ultrasound and palpation and to test intelligence and urinary iodine. Two villages were selected in each town and 30 households were selected to determine urinary iodine of housewives and salt iodine. Results A total of 56 cases of suspected cases of endemic cretinism were found from the 11 counties but no case was confirmed. The goiter rate of children aged 8 to 10 was 5.2% (309/5922) by palpation and 4.3% (252/5922) by B-ultrasound. The median urinary iodine of children aged 8 to 10 was 241.5 μg/L, and urinary iodine was 100 to 300 μg/L, accounted 65.9%(3901/5920). Median urinary iodine of the 9 Qis(counties, districts) was in the range of 200 and 300μg/L.Higher than 5% of the 11 Qis(counties, districts) with urinary iodine lower than 50 μg/L was zero. Higher than 10% of the 11 Qis(counties, districts) with urinary iodine lower than 100 μg/L was 1. The median urinary iodine of housewives was 225.6 μg/L, and lower than 50 μg/L accounted for 2.2%(35/1597). Higher than 10% of the 11 Qis(counties, districts) with urinary iodine lower than 100 μg/L was 4. A total of 2109 households were investigated and 97.45%(2055/2109) of them ate iodized salt and 2.55%(54/2109) of them ate non-iodized salt. Conclusions In the 11 investigated counties, goiter rate of children has decreased to less than 10%, and no new cretin was found. It could be concluded that the fulfillment of prevention and control of IDD is effective. The iodine nutrition of children and women of childbearing age is in an adequate level. The coverage rate of iodized salt has maintained at a higher level, the sales network is sound, the salt price is reasonable and salt is easy to get and the children's intelligence is protected effectively. But, the health education about IDD is still weak, need to be reinforced.

BACKGROUND: The decrease of activity level of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and reduction of membrane protein of synaptic vesicles are the main biochemical indexes in Alzheimer disease. Traditional Chinese bushen yizhi formula is of the effects of strengthening the kidney, replenishing qi, generating marrow and nourishing the brain, its medicine-containing serum can effectively protect these changes resulting from amyloid protein.OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the medicine-containing serum of bushen yizhi formula can improve the pathological injury of neurons induced by amyloid protein metabolites in Alzheimer disease, thus to estimate the therapeutic effect of bushen yizhi formula on Alzheimer disease.DESIGN:A randomized and controlled trial. SETTING:Institute of Neuroscience, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region, China; Encephalopathic Institute of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS:The experiment was conducted from September 2003 to March 2004 at the Research and Development Center of New Drugs of Guangxi College of TCM. Totally 60 healthy Wistar rats of clean grade,three months, were at random divided as blank control and bushen yizhi groups, with 30 in each group. The bushen yizhi formula consisted of Fructus Lycii, Fructus Cnidii, Radix Gingeng, Radix Polygoni Multiflori,Cortex Moutan Radicis, Borneolum, etc. The medicine was prepared before use as 0.176 g/Ml liquid(including 1.13 g/Ml rude drugs).METHODS:① Each of the rats in bushen yizhi group was by garage given 1.0-1.5 Ml prepared liquid per day for consecutive 30 days. Within 4hours after the last administration the serum was isolated at 5 000 r/min for 5 minutes, filtered aseptically, the compliment was inactivated at 56 ℃,then the medicine-containing serum was obtained. The rats in blank control group were given saline of the same volume, and the serum was prepared with the same method. ② For NG108-15 cells, the concentration of amyloid protein 25-35 segments in the culture liquid was 5 μ mol/L, or 1-42 segments, 200 nmol/L, was suitable. ③ NG108-15 cells was first in cubated for a day in CO2 incubator with Dulbecco-improved Eagle medium of 0.1 molarity at 37 ℃, then 5 μmol/L amyloid protein 25-35 segment or 200 nmol/L segment 1-42 was added to continuously incubate for a day, after that the cell models of Alzheimer disease was ready. Then 50 g/L medicine-containing serum or Dulbecco-improved Eagle medium of blank control group serum was taken to replace the original culture liquid, and the amyloid protein segments of the above-mentioned concentration was still added for maintaining the cell models of Alzheimer disease, after 5 days'differentiation incubation, the indexes were detected with those in non-amyloid protein as control. ④ Western blotting, radioimmunoassay and electrophysiological examination were used to investigate the ChAT activity,synapsin protein level and rate of functional synapse formation of NG108-15cells in Alzheimer disease after treatment with the medicine-containing serum of bushen yizhi formula.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES :The effects of the medicine-containing serum of bushen yizhi formula on ChAT activity, synapsin protein level,rate of functional synapse formation of NG108-15 cells and frequency of miniature plate potential in NG108-15 cells.RESULTS:Totally 60 rats involved all entered the final result analysis.① The effect of the medicine-containing serum of bushen yizhi formula on ChAT activity: In the conditions when there was no amyloid protein or the final concentration of amyloid protein 1- 42 was 200 nmol/L, the ChAT activity in bushen yizhi group was obviously higher than that in blank control group [(1651.2±134.5), (1336.1±268.2), ( 586.1±223.4),(1290.7±381.5)μmol/(g·h); P ＜ 0.05] . ② The effect of the medicinecontaining serum of bushen yizhi formula on synapsin protein level: The absorbance values of synapsin Ⅰa and Ⅰb, in the conditions when there was no amyloid protein, amyloid protein 25-35 and 1-42, were respectively 5.02, 1.36 and 2.46 in bushen yizhi group; and 3.18, 0.57 and 0.71 in blank control group. The values in bushen yizhi group were respectively 1.6,2.4 and 3.5times those in blank control group. ③ The effect of the medicine-containing serum of bushen yizhi formula on functional synapse formation of NG108-15 cells: In the conditions when there was no amyloid protein or amyloid protein 1-42, the levels of functional synapse formation in bushen yizhi group wereall higher than those in blank control group [(90.6±6.0)%, (63.2±17.0)%, (58.0±13.1)%, (34.2±13.0)% ;P＜0.05].④ The effect of the medicine-containing serum of bushen yizhi formula on frequency of miniature plate potential in NG108-15 cells: In the conditions when there was no amyloid protein or amyloid protein 1-42, the frequencies of miniature plate potential in bushen yizhi group were all higher than those in blank control group [(9.28±4.1), (5.48 ±5.14), (5.55±5.85),(3.05±4.46)/min; P ＜ 0.01, P＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION:In the conditions when there existed no amyloid protein or amyloid protein, the medicine-containing serum of bushen yizhi formula can raise ChAT activity, not only correct the decrease of cellular synapsin caused by amyloid protein, but also raise the expression of synapsin protein, the rate of functional synapse formation and neurotransmitter release under the condition of no amyloid protein. It was shown that the prescription can antagonize the pathological development of Alzheimer disease, and play the therapeutic effect through enhancing the release power of neurotransmitter.

AlM: To observe the clinical effect of micro-incision phacoemulsification combined with silicone oil removal from pars plana in eyes with silicone oil tamponade after vitrectomy.
METHODS:Forty-three patients (43 eyes) with cataract and silicone oiltamponade after vitrectomy underwent micro-coaxial phacoemulsification combined with silicone oil removal from pars plana between February 2013 and November 2013. lntraocular lens was implanted at stage l in all cases. The best corrected visual acuity was observed at 3mo after operation, and the complications were recorded.
RESULTS: The best corrected visual acuity in 39 cases (91%) was improved at 3mo after operation, and the best outcome was 0. 6. There were still 4 cases (9%) without improvement of visual acuity. There was no incidence of complications such as posterior capsular rupture, residual silicone oil, corneal endothelial decompensation, hyphema, vitreous hemorrhage, intraocular lens dislocation, secondary glaucoma and ora serrata mutilation after operation in all patients.
CONCLUSlON: Micro - invision phacoemulsification combined with silicone oil removal from pars plana is an effective and safe method for eyes with cataract and silicone oil tamponade after vitrectomy.

Child ; Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; Nephrology ; Pediatrics

Objective To explore the psychological status of patients after hand tenolysis and the pertinent nursing countermeasures. Methods 47 patients after hand tenolyais were selected and investigated their psychological status and relevant influencing factors with serf-designed questionnaire and symptom checklist-90(SCL-90). Besides, corresponding psychological nursing were applied. The SCL-90 results of Chinese Norm were adopted to undergo comparison with them and t test was chosen. Results On the first day after operation, the score of the investigation objectives was significantly different compared with that of the Chinese norm. After pertinent mental nursing, their symptoms alleviated, and no significant difference was seen between them. Conclusions There are obvious psychological obstacles in patients after hand tenolysis. The pertinent mental nursing has important effect on rehabilitation training and functional rehabilitation after hand tenolysis.

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that type 1 diabetes mellitus can result in impairments of bone regeneration and repair, and local injection of fibroblastic growth factor-2 (FGF-2) can obviously promote fracture healing, but its effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus is still unclear.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of recombinant human fibroblastic growth factor-2 (rhFGF-2) combined with soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNF-R1) on impaired bone regeneration and repair in type 2 diabetes mellitus.DESTGN: A randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.MATERIALS: Twenty male Zucker diabetic fatty rats (ZDF/Gemi-fa/fa), 10 weeks of age, were purchased from Charles River Laboratory. rhFGF-2 was obtained from Orquest Incorporation; sTNF-R1 protein (PEG-r-metHu-sTNF-R1) was provided by Amgen Incorporation.METHODS: This experiment was finished in the central lab of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from September to November in 2006. ①Grouping: The 20 rats were randomly assigned into treated group (n =10)and control group (n =10). ② Experimental methods: All rats were examined for body mass, blood glucose, glycosuria and glycosemia. One week later, all the rats underwent the standard DO protocol, including placement of the external fixators and osteotomies to the left tibia. Distraction was initiated in the following morning (one day latency) at 0.2 mm b.I.d. (0.4 mm per day) and continued for 14 days. During surgery, all the rats received an injection of either rhFGF-2(25 mg/kg) for the treated group, or physiological saline (25 mg/kg) for the control group, into the hematoma of the osteotomic gap. The sTNF-R1 (8 mg/kg) or the same. Amount of saline was subcutaneously injected into the treated and control rats respectively every other day for 14 days. Evaluation: The serum biochemical indexes, amount of bone formation and number of proliferative cells in the distraction gaps were determined.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Biochemical indexes, amount of bone formation and number of proliferative cells in the distraction gaps.RESULTS: All the 20 rats were involved in the final analysis of results. ①The blood glucose, glucosuria, ketonuria,serum levels of insulin and osteocalcin were not obviously different between the treated group and control group (P ＞0.05). ② The area and density of mineralization of the distraction gaps, and the endosteal and peristeal new bone formation in the treated group were all obviously higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). The number and percentage of the positive cells of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the distraction gaps were obviously higher in the treated group than in the control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01).CONCLUSION: The local application of rhFGF-2 combined with sTNF-R1 can enhance bone formation by increasing the proliferation during distraction osteogenesis in ZDF rats. The combination of rhFGF-2 and sTNF-R1 may be an effective treatment for type 2 diabetic patients with fracture healing problem.

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect and toxicity of local Kanseran injection in combination with chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients.Methods:A total of 18 cases was recruited in this study. After desensitization,Kanseran injection was injected into tumor mass through fibrobronchoscope,2 mg every time,once per week. Meanwhile,MVP regimen was administered.Results:Of the 18 patients,1 was completely relieved,7 cases were partially relieved. The response rate was 44.4%. After treatment,when examined by fibrobronchoscope the tumor masses of 15 patients became smaller. The main side effects were fever,alopecia and gastrointestinal reaction,which were mild and tolerable.Conclusion:Local Kanseran injection into tumor mass in conjunction with chemotherapy is effective and safe in the treatment of advanced NSCLC patients with bronchus obstruction.

Objective To reconstruct sparse views CT image based on defective projection data.Methods The position of bad bins in detector determined whether the linear interpolation was applied to the defective projection data.Moreover,reconstruction of air pixels in CT image was achieved rapidly and accurately.Results he experimental results showed that the proposed method could solve the problem from classical ART-TV method that the robustness was unstable due to the different positions of bad bin in CT detector.Conclusion Compared to analytical reconstruction methods,iterative methods can solve the reconstruction problems in this modality so that the radiologist is facilitated to perform image processing and quantitative analysis.