AIM: To investigate the effect of nitric oxid e (NO) and taurin on hemorrhagic shock /reperfusion injury. METHODS: Twenty-four rabbit s were divided randomly into 3 groups ( n= 8): control group and shock group and taurine group. The model of hemorrhagic shock/reperfusion was used. The activities of ni tric oxide synthase (NOS),superoxide dismutase(SOD),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)and the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),nitric oxide pvoducts( NO - 2/NO - 3) in plasma were observed before shock and shock 1.5 h,reper fusion 1 h ,2 h and reperfusion 3 h. RESULTS: ①During shock/reperfusion, the ac tivities of NOS,LDH and the contents of MDA,NO - 2/NO - 3 were significan tly highe r, but the activity of SOD was significantly lower in plasma of shock group than that of before shock and shock 1.5 h. ②At 3 h reperfusion, the activity of NOS and the contents of MDA, NO - 2/NO - 3 were significantly higher,bu t the act ivity of SOD was significantly lower in the lung and heart of shock group than t hat of control group. ③ Taurine(40 mg?kg -1 ,iv) attenuated all the c hanges above mentioned at total time points of reperfusion. ④ A close correlation was shown between MDA content and NO - 2/NO - 3 content in plasma, lung and i n heart. CONCLUSION: These results suggeste that NO may be involved in oxida nt-mediated shock/reperfusion, antagonistic effect of taurine on hemorrhagic shock/reperfusi on injury may be relate d to decreasing the generation of NO and anti-lipoperoxidation.

Objective To investigate atypical lymphocyte and lymphocyte subsets in children with infectious mononucleosis(IM)and its relationship with the clinical symptoms by retrospective method.Methods Two hundred and six children were diagnosed as infectious mononucleosis.Atypical types,lymphocyte subsets,and clinical symp-toms and their relationship were evaluated and analyzed.Results In the IM children CD +3 increased,CD +3 CD +4 decreased,CD +3 CD +8 increased and NK cells decreased.The control group was (64.23 ±6.26 )%,(32.96 ± 8.68)%,(20.25 ±7.45)%,(14.68 ±5.4)%,the IMgroup was (84.13 ±14.64)%,(18.45 ±5.14)%,(54.46 ± 16.82)%,(4.65 ±1.50)%,the difference was statistically significant(P <0.001).92.9% patients had more 10%atypical lymphocytes.The children with more than 20% atypical lymphocytes had higher CD +3 CD +v8 and NK cells decreased,(58.78 ±16.67)%,(3.28 ±1.57)%.The difference with the atypical cells more than 10% less than 20% and the group less than 10% has statistically sighnificant which were (54.53 ±15.12)%,(4.55 ±1.64)%, (50.25 ±14.23)%,(5.13 ±1.84)% (P <0.001).The serious type of IM children had higher ratio of increased CD +3 CD +8 and decreased NK cells and had statistically significant compared with the light group,which were (57.78 ± 15.45)%,(3.18 ±1.61)%,(51.09 ±12.26)%,(4.68 ±1.82)%,(20.25 ±7.45)%,(14.68 ±5.46)%(P <0.001).Conclusion The infectious mononucleosis can cause abnormal immune functions.The ratio of atypical lym-phocytes,CD +3 ,CD +3 CD +4 ,CD +3 CD +8 and NK cells numbers can be viewed as a monitoring index of the disease.

AIM: To investigate the antioxidative and antinitrosative effects of copperleaf(Acalypha australis L) on TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis rats. METHODS: Using biochemical method,the activity of antioxidative enzyme SOD,GSH-Px and MDA were determined in normal,model and three rat's groups with low,moderate and high copperleaf decoction respectively.At the same time,the production of NO and the activity of iNOS were also measured.The expression of iNOS mRNA was also determined in normal,model and moderate-copperleaf decoction rats groups through RT-PCR method. RESULTS: The index SOD and GSH-Px increased and MDA reduced significantly in high-and moderate-copperleaf decoction groups compared with the model group.The production of NO the activity of iNOS reduced significantly in high-and moderate-copperleaf decoction groups compared with the model group.RT-PCR results demonstrated that the expression of iNOS mRNA was significantly inhibited in TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis rats after being treated with moderate-dosage copperleaf. CONCLUSION: Acalypha australis L.has antioxidative and antinitrosative effects which is probably one of the mechanism of copperleaf for treating UC.

Objective:To evaluate the risk factors of hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin <35 g/L) in the maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods:From January 2011 to December 2018, 915 patients (≥18 years) who underwent MHD programs from 12 hospitals in south China were enrolled in a retrospective analysis. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the risk factors of hypoalbuminemia in the MHD patients.Results:The MHD patients had poor albumin level in general, with hypoalbuminemia accounting for about 20.55% (188/915). Compared with the patients with normal albumin level, the patients with hypoalbuminemia had older age (61.46 years vs. 55.85 years, P<0.01), the greater incidence of diabetes [29.79%(56/188) vs. 19.39%(141/727), P = 0.002] and the lower application in high flux dialysis [42.55%(80/188) vs. 57.36%(417/727), P<0.01], while the gender, duration of dialysis, dialysis frequencies and the incidence of hepatitis showed no significant difference between 2 groups. In linear correlation analysis, albumin and hemoglobin level were positively correlated ( r = 0.213, P<0.01). In Spearmen correlation analysis, albumin was negatively correlated with age, hypersensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP), alkaline phosphatase, and diabetes ( r = -0.232, -0.176, -0.153 and -0.132; P<0.01); and it was positively correlated with the Kt/V and the application in high flux dialysis ( r = 0.151 and 0.124, P<0.01). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, diabetes, alkaline phosphatase and hsCRP were the independent risk factors of hypoalbuminemia, while the application of high flux dialysis and hemoglobin were the independent protection factors. Conclusions:The patients undergoing a MHD program have poor albumin level. Diabetes is the independent risk factor of hypoalbuminemia of MHD patients, and the practice of high flux dialysis may reduce the hypoalbuminemia.

Objective To investigate the effect of pre-treatment of ginkgo biloba extract from portal vein on oxidative stress in liver surgery.Methods Sixty cases of hepatic portal occlusion for hepatectomy surgery in patients (38 males, 22 females, ASA grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ, cardiac function Ⅰ or Ⅱ, Child-Pugh class A), were randomly divided into three groups (n=20 each): portal vein injection group (group P), jugular vein injection group (group J) and control group (group C).Patients in group P were injected with ginkgo biloba extract injection 5 ml slowly from portal vein after freeing the portal vein, patients in group J were injected with ginkgo biloba extract injection 5 ml slowly from the jugular vein after freeing the portal vein, while patients in group C were injected with normal saline 5 ml slowly from the jugular vein after freeing the portal vein.Venous blood samples were drawn from jugular vein at the following time points: pre-occlusion ten minutes (T0), 1 h (T1), 6 h (T2), 24 h (T3) after reperfusion respectively, and then detected the levels of ALT, AST, tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α), manlondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD).Results Compared with T0, the serum levels of ALT, AST, TNF-α and MDA at T1-T3 were significantly increased,the activity of SOD was significantly decreased in all groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group C, serum levels of ALT, AST, TNF-α and MDA at T1-T3 were significantly decreased, the activity of SOD was significantly increased in groups J and P (P＜0.05).Compared with group J, serum levels of ALT, AST, TNF-α and MDA at T1-T3 were significantly decreased, the activity of SOD was significantly increased in group P (P＜0.05).Conclusion The pre-treatment of ginkgo biloba extract from portal vein can increase the SOD activity, inhibit the activation of Kupffer cells, reduce the release of TNF-α, enhance the ability of anti-oxidative stress and produce significant protective effect on liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective To investigate the causative mutations of CYP27A1 gene in a sporadic cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis patient. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of the patient and her parents. All exons and splice sites of CYP27A1 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by Sanger sequenc-ing. 105 healthy unrelated subjects were also sequenced for the novel mutation in CYP27A1. Results A novel splice site mutation c.446+1G>T, a novel missense mutation c.877A>T(p.Met293Leu) and a known missense mutation c.1016C>T (p.Thr339Met) of CYP27A1 gene were identified in the patient. The mother carriers the two novel mutations and the fa-ther the c.1016C>T(p.Thr339Met) mutation. The two novel mutations were absent in 105 control subjects, respectively. Conclusions Our study detected two novel mutations, c.446+1G>T and c.877A>T, as well as a known mutation c.1016C>T, of CYP27A1 in a sporadic cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis patient. Our data provide novel information for the mutational spectrum of the gene, which is applicable in the genetic testing and diagnosis. The data also provide in-sight into the pathogenesis of the disease.

Objective To investigate the increased expression of microRNA-146a(miR-146a) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and its clinical significance. Methods Twenty-eight patients with chronic ITP and 28 healthy controls matched with age and gender were enrolled in this study. Fluorescent quantitative PCR reaction was used to detect the relative expression of miR-146a in their PBMC. The serum concentration of TNF-α, IL-2,IL-1 β and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA. CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferation ability of PBMC , which transfected with miR-146a mimics or inhibitor and then stimulated with platelet . Results The relative expression of miR-146a in ITP patients was higher than that of healthy controls. The increased expression of miR-146a was negatively correlated with the serum TNF-α, IL-2 and IFN-γ. The PBMC transfected with miR-146a mimics had reduced expression of IL-2 and proliferation when stimulated with platelet.In contrast, the opposite effect was observed with the miR-146a inhibitors transfection. Conclusion MiR146a was involved in the pathogenesis of chronic ITP by controlling IL-2 production and PBMC proliferation.Thus, it may be a potential therapy target for chronic ITP.

Objective To detect the expression of IL-27 in PBC (primary biliary cirrhosis)patients and the possible involvement of IL-27 signal pathway in PBC. Methods The gene transcription and protein expression levels of IL-27 in patients with PBC, chronic hepatitis B(CHB) group and healthy controls(HC) were measured by real-time PCR, ELISA, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. AST,ALP, ALT, TBIL, GGT were determined and their correlation with IL-27 was also analyzed. Results IL-27 was significantly elevated in patients with PBC and IL-27 is present in the liver tissues of patients with PBC. Expression of IL-27 on CD4+T cells was increased in patients with PBC(72.40% ±6.22% ) and CHB(59.40% ± 7.03%) compared with HC(1.70%±0.55%,P＜0.01). Expression of IL-27 protein was increased in patients with PBC [( 126.25 ± 36.00 ) pg/ml] compared with CHB [( 51.81 ± 23.30 )pg/ml, P ＜ 0. 01] and HC[(34.19 ± 9.70) pg/ml, P ＜ 0.01], and it was positively correlated with GGT( r = 0.554, P＜0.01) and TBIL (r = 0.559,P＜0.01), but no correlation with ALT, AST, ALP.Conclusion These facts indicated the key role of IL-27 in the immune inflammatory reaction in patients with PBC.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare Idebenone solid dispersion,and to investigate its dissolution rate in vitro. METHODS:Us-ing Poloxamer 407(P407)as carrier,the influence of preparation methods(solvent method,melting method)and the ratio of the drug to P407(1∶1,1∶3,1∶8)on the dissolution of drug were investigated by single factor design. The state of idebenone in ma-trix of solid dispersion was further determined by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). RESULTS:Idebenone solid dispersion prepared by solvent method(the ratio of the drug to poloxamer was 1∶3)showed dissolution rate of 80%. The majority of idebenone existed in the solid dispersion at amorphous forms or molecular state. CONCLU-SIONS:Idebenone solid dispersions with high dissolution rate in vitro is prepared successfully.

Objective To analyze pharmacologic action features of single Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of fatty liver based on literature; To provide references for clinical treatment of fatty liver.Methods Animal research literature about single Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of fatty liver in CNKI, Wanfang database, and VIP from January 2003 to December 2014 was retrieved by computers. The number of single Chinese herbal medicine and the pharmacologic action features of active ingredients (or extracts) were statistically concluded. Results A total of 279 articles were retrieved, including 67 kinds of single Chinese herbal medicine, among which 8 were used to treat AFLD, 45 were used to treat NAFLD, and 14 were used to treat AFLD and NAFLD simultaneously. Pharmacologic action features of the medicine for AFLD mainly included reducing lipid, protecting liver, antioxidation, and anti-inflammation. Pharmacologic action features of the medicine for NAFLD had the effects of improving insulin resistance additionally.Conclusion Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of AFLD and NAFLD shows significant efficacy, having the features of multiple pathways and liver damage resistance, which provide references for clinical treatment of fatty liver.