Objective To investigate surgical opportunity and suitable treatment approach in nodular Hashimoto's disease.Methods An analysis was performed in 388 pathologically confirmed cases with nodular Hashimoto's disease and other thyroid-related diseases.All the cases were involved with surgical treatment due to thyroid nodules from June,1995 to Dec,2005.Results Among the above-mentioned cases,64 cases (16.5%) were Hashimoto's disease with the presence of thyroid cancer,190 (48.9%) nodular thyroid tumor,94 (24.2%) thyroid adenoma,7 (1.8%) hyperthyroidism,the rest (8.5%) simple Hashimoto's disease.Prior to 2000, among 106 cases of Hashimoto's disease there were 15 cases accompanied by thyroid cancer.Since 2001,282 cases of Hashimoto's disease were dealt surgically,49 of which had thyroid cancer.Compared to the period from 1995 to 2000,the complication of Hashimoto's disease and thyroid cancer has been sharply increasing during the recent five years (P

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hepatitis E ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the effect of PTH gene polymorphisms on bone mineral density (BMD) at multiple skeletal sites in normal females.Methods PTH gene phenotype was determined by PCR-RFLP of restriction enzyme Bst BⅠin 596 females aged (46.3?13.7) years (20-80 years),and PCR products with or without enzymolytic site were considered as genotype B or genotype b respectively.BMDs of the anteropesterior spine (AP) and supine lateral spine (Lat) of lumbar vertebrae (L_1-L_4),femoral neck (FN),total hip (T-hip), Ward's triangle (Ward),Trochanter (Troch),forearm [radius+ulna ultradistal (RUUD) and total area of radius + ulna (RUT) ] were measured by DEXA (QDR4500A).Results (1) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evident for PTH polymorphisms.The frequencies of genotype were BB 0.784,Bb 0.208,bb 0.008 and frequencies of alleles B,b were 0.888 and 0.112 respectively in 596 normal females.Frequencies of BB,Bb,bb genotypes were 0.781,0.210,and 0.009 respectively in 347 postmenopausal women and their frequencies of alleles B,b were 0.886,0.114.No significant difference was found between post- and premenopausal women in genotype frequen- cy.(2) Comparing their BMDs of AP,Lat,FN,T-hip,Ward,Troch,RUUD and RUT,there was no significant difference between BB and Bb genotypes of pre- and postmenopansal women groups.(3) Logistic regression analysis failed to show any statistical difference between normal and osteoporosis women with regard to PTH phenotype.Conclusion PTH gene polymorphism has little effect on BMD in normal females.

Objective To investigate a more perfect method for a nice outward appearance of the thumb(finger) reconstructed.Methods An artery pedicle composite flap from fibular side of the great toe is inlaid in the tibial(ventral) side of the free second toe for thumb reconstruction and the same free second toe with a distal part of metatarsal bone with a double-wings flap for finger reconstruction before transplantation. Results The reconstructed thumb(finger) gets a nice looking and normal function while no blight to the great toe occurred.Conclusion It is an effective new procedure in ameliorating outward appearance of the recon- structed thumb(finger) by transferring the free moulded second toe.

OBJECTIVETo understand the timeliness of the notifiable communicable diseases surveillance system in Fujian province.

METHODSDatabase from the internet based communicable diseases reporting system was used.

RESULTSThe 50th percentile of time between the disease diagnosed and report recorded in medical faculties was 1 day in 2004 which was 6 days less than that in 2001 - 2003. The timeliness rate of 0 day was 46.46%, a 2.7 times over that in 2001 - 2003. The timeliness of notifiable communicable diseases surveillance system in different administrative areas, reporting units and on different diseases was significantly different. Time between the disease diagnosed and report recorded was the shortest in those cases reported by hospitals and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) hospitals at the county level and above, with 50th percentile as 0 day, but the timeliness rate of 0 day was 50.76% with 70.04% of the cases were reported from hospitals and TCM hospitals of county level and above. Length between the disease diagnosed and reported was the longest in those cases recorded by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCs) with the 50th percentile as 3 days. The source of cases recorded by CDCs came from hospitals at the township level, where there was no connection to internet but the reporting cards had to be sent to local CDCs. Time between the disease being diagnosed and reported was 2 days in those cases reported by hospitals at the township level. 21.21% of cases were recorded by hospitals of township level and CDCs. The 50th percentile of time shown between the reported records and confirmed by CDCs was 4 hours The 24 hour timeliness rate was 63.65%.

CONCLUSIONThe timeliness of the notifiable communicable diseases surveillance system had been improved significantly after the medical personnel recording the cases directly through internet. Timeliness could be further improved through access to internet at the hospitals of township level, training of staff and better hospital management systems.

China ; epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases ; epidemiology ; Databases, Factual ; Disease Notification ; methods ; Hospitals ; Internet ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVE: To study the gene distribution characteristics of neonatal thalassemia in Dongguan, China and the changing trend of the gene distribution characteristics of neonates with thalassemia in Dongguan in 2014-2018. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for the data on neonatal thalassemia screening from the Dongguan Neonatal Disease Screening System between January 2014 and December 2018. A total of 616 718 neonates were enrolled who were born in Dongguan. RESULTS: Among the 616 718 neonates, 52 308 were positive for primary screening, 10 366 were recalled, 8 576 underwent genetic diagnosis, and 6 432 were confirmed with thalassemia by genetic diagnosis. The carrying rates of thalassemia genes in 2014-2018 were 5.81%, 5.47%, 5.96%, 6.91%, and 7.90% respectively, and showed an upward trend (P<0.001). The positive rates of neonatal thalassemia screening in 2014-2018 were 9.12%, 8.34%, 7.54%, 8.13%, and 9.32% respectively (P<0.001). The positive rates of genetic diagnosis of neonatal thalassemia in 2014-2018 were 0.89%, 1.11%, 1.24%, 0.90%, and 1.09% respectively (P<0.001). In 2014-2018, 5 098 cases of α-thalassemia were detected, accounting for 79.26% of all cases, and 1 230 cases of β-thalassemia were detected, accounting for 19.12% of all cases. The detection rate of α-thalassemia was significantly higher than that of β-thalassemia in each year (P<0.001). In 2014-2018, static α-thalassemia, mild α-thalassemia, and mild β-thalassemia were the main types observed in neonates. CONCLUSIONS Most of the neonates with thalassemia have α-thalassemia in Dongguan, with static α-thalassemia and mild α-thalassemia as the main types. The carrying rate of thalassemia genes keeps increasing in neonates in Dongguan, and the prevention and treatment of thalassemia is still challenging.
China ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Screening ; Retrospective Studies ; alpha-Thalassemia ; beta-Thalassemia

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility and safety of the modified urethral pull-through procedure for the treatment of posterior urethral stricture or atresia.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 212 cases of posterior urethral stricture or atresia treated by the modified urethral pull-through procedure. The length of the stricture or atresia was 1.5 - 12 cm, and 66 cases had experienced 1 - 4 previous unsuccessful urethral repairs. Simple transperineal approach was adopted in 208 cases and transperineal-inferiorpubic approach in the other 4. And 15 of the patients underwent urethral construction with grafts.

RESULTSSatisfactory voiding was achieved in 198 (93.4%) of the patients, of whom 16 received 3 - 15 urethral dilations. Of the 14 cases that failed, 10 succeeded after a second and 2 after a third operation. Of the 15 cases that underwent substitution urethroplasty, 14 achieved satisfactory voiding, and only 1 needed repeat dilation. No serious complications were observed in any of the patients.

CONCLUSIONModified urethral pull-through procedure, with its advantages of safety, mini-invasiveness, simple operation and high success rate, is feasible for the treatment of posterior urethral stricture or atresia, while for that with the length >5 cm, substitution urethroplasty should be considered.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Urethra ; surgery ; Urethral Stricture ; surgery ; Urologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Young Adult

Objective To understand the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and related risk factors in residents aged 18-65 years in Beijing and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of hypercholesterolemia.Methods The data were collected from Beijing Non-communicable and Chronic Disease Survey and stratified cluster sampling method was used to select study subjects,and questionnaire investigation,physical measurement and laboratory examination were conducted to collect information.Results The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and borderline hypercholesterolemia was 6.26％ and 21.34％ respectively in 17 662 residents surveyed,the average total cholesterol level was (4.69 ± 0.95) mmol/L.The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 6.33％ in men and 6.20％ in women,the difference was not significant (Z=1.64,P=0.10).The prevalence was higher inurban area than in suburb (6.73％ vs.5.59％;Z=-7.27,P＜0.01).The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia increased with age (trend x2=308.85,P＜0.01).The trend was observed in men (trend x2=81.65,P＜0.01),in women (trend x2=318.04,P＜0.01),in urban area (trend x2=201.77,P＜0.01) and in suburb (trend x2=114.65,P＜0.01).Multiple logistic regression showed age,being female (OR=1.23,95％CI:1.04-1.45),overweight (OR=1.56,95％CI:1.34-1.81),obesity (OR=1.82,95％CI:1.54-2.16),smoking (OR=1.24,95％CI:1.03-1.50),alcohol use (OR=1.40,95％CI:1.12-1.75),beef and mutton intake ＞ 1 time per week (OR=1.19,95％CI:1.02-1.39) were risk factors.Conclusion The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in Beijing was lower than national level,and age,gender,location,BMI,smoking,alcohol use,beef and mutton intake were main influencing factors.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of entecavir maleate (ETV) versus ETV in Chinese patients with hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B(CHB).

METHODSThe patient population of this previously published randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, controlled, multicenter study was expanded by patients in the 0.5 mg/day ETV maleate group (total n = 110) and patients in the 0.5 mg/day ETV group (total n = 108). At treatment weeks 12, 24 and 48, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels were measured by the Roche Cobas Ampliprep/Cobas Taqman PCR assay. Adverse events (AE) were recorded.

RESULTSAs in the original analysis, the two treatment groups showed similar characteristics at baseline. In addition, the results for the all therapeutic effects showed identical trends to the results obtained in the original analysis, including the statistically similar effects of ETV and ETV maleate treatment-induced decreases in mean HBV DNA level at weeks 12, 24, and 48 (ETV: by 4.28, 5.00, and 5.53 log10 IU/ml vs. ETV maleate: by 4.46, 4.99, and 5.51 log10 IU/ml, respectively; all vs. baseline P more than 0.05), achievement of undetectable levels of serum HBV DNA ( less than 20 IU/ml) at week 48 (ETV: 38.18% vs. ETV maleate: 35.19%; P more than 0.05), HBeAg loss rates at week 48 (ETV: 10.91% vs. ETV maleate: 12.96%; P more than 0.05), HBeAg seroconversion rates at week 48 (ETV: 7.77% vs. ETV maleate: 10.38%; P more than 0.05), normalization of alanine aminotransferase at week 48 (ETV: 75.47% vs. ETV maleate: 82.86%; P more than 0.05), and overall incidence of AE (ETV: 18.02% vs. ETV maleate: 17.43%; P more than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPerforming analysis of the therapeutic efficacies of entecavir maleate versus entecavir with a larger study population confirmed our original findings of similar efficacy and safety profiles for these two drugs in patients with HBeAg-positive CHB.

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Guanine ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective: To analyze the repetitive reporting of hepatitis B in Fujian province during 2016-2020, and provide evidence for the improvement of hepatitis B surveillance. Methods: The reporting cards from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention were collected and divided into repetitive reporting cards and non-repetitive reporting cards from the report cards collected according to the valid ID number on the cards, and the proportion of repetitive report cards and related factors were analyzed by using software SAS 9.4. Results: A total of 314 551 hepatitis B reporting cards were submitted in Fujian from 2016 to 2020, in which 90.93% (286 020/314 551) were included in the analysis. The repetitive reporting cards accounted for 10.48% (29 982/286 020). The annual proportion of the repetitive reporting cards from 2016 to 2020 was between 2.98% and 3.71%, showing an overall increasing trend year by year (Z=2.26, P=0.024). The proportions of the repetitive reporting cards in 1-5 years were 3.17%, 5.40%, 7.74%, 9.27% and 10.48%, respectively, showing an increase trend with year (Z=128.16, P<0.001). The proportions of the repetitive reporting cards in 10 areas of Fujian ranged from 5.44% to 13.48% with significant difference (χ²=2 050.41, P<0.001) and increased with the increase of reported incidence of hepatitis B (Z=26.92, P<0.001). There were significant differences in relationships between repetitive reporting proportion and sex, age and type of the cases between the areas with high incidence and low incidence of hepatitis B. Conclusions: The reported incidence of hepatitis B was seriously affected by the repetitive reporting in Fujian from 2016 to 2020. A cross-year and cross-area surveillance mechanism for hepatitis B should be established and targeted measures should be taken to strengthen the control of the repetitive reporting and improve the surveillance for hepatitis B.
China/epidemiology* ; Data Collection ; Hepatitis B/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Software