Microarray technology are being performed more widely than ever before on many areas in lifescience,although the technology is still evolving,the challenge of performing a microarray experiment is no longer in the data generation,but in extracting useful information and utilizing it to get the results with biological meanings.Some methods and tools used for expressional microarray data mining based on previous work were summarized.These methods include gene clustering,GO analysis,regulating pathway analysis,and related algorithm.We hope this can be helpful for those researchers who are implementing expressional microarray for biological analysis.

Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Blotting, Northern ; Cells, Cultured ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Glucocorticoids ; pharmacology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger ; drug effects ; genetics ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism

Altitude ; Animals ; Astrocytes ; cytology ; Brain ; cytology ; Hypoxia ; Male ; Microglia ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To observe whether the increase of oxidative stress in PC12 cells could influence the levels of protein carbonyls and nitrotyrosine and alter the cytoskeleton and cell morphology under clinostat condition,and whether the increase of content of nitrate/nitrite in cell culture medium could influence the cell proliferation and differentiation.Method Cell morphology,carbonylated actin and nitrotyrosinated tubulin,and mRNA and protein express of nNOS and iNOS were observed and determined with immunofluorescence and RT-PCR technology in clinostat rotated and control static groups.At the same time,cell density was measured and cell cycles were detected with flow cytometry.The relationship between all these changes and NOS were also analyzed.Result The levels of carbonylated and nitrotyrosinated cytoskeleton protein were altered,no obvious changes in cell morphology but neurite outgrowth after on a clinostat rotation.Cell density also increased significantly,DNA synthesis in cell cycles was shortened.Conclusion All of these results indicate that simulated weightlessness do not alter cell morphology and is beneficial to the growth of PC12 cells.The mechanism involved may be associated with the increase of NOS activity.

Female ; Humans ; Endometriosis

OBJECTIVETo observe the regulatory effects of electroacupuncture with different acupoints combinations on blood lipid and atherosclerosis index (AI) in rats with hyperlipemia, so as to make a preliminary screening for the optimal acupoints combination for hyperlipemia.

METHODSOne hundred and five clean-grade SD male rats were randomly divided into 9 groups, including a normal group, a model group, a Quchi group, a Zhongwan group, a Fenglong group, a Quchi+Zhongwan group, a Quchi+Fenglong group, a Zhongwan+Fenglong group and a Quchi+Zhongwan+Fenglong group (three acupoints group), 17 rats in the normal group and 11 rats in the rest groups. The normal group was fed with normal diet, while the rest groups were fed with high-fat diet for 3 weeks to prepare the hyperlipemia model. All the rats were given unlimited water. After the establishment of model, the normal group was fed freely without any treatment; the model group was bundled and immobilized everyday; the rest groups were bundled, immobilized and treated with electroacupuncture at corresponding acupoints with disperse-dense wave, 20 min per time, once a day. After 4 weeks, the blood examples were collected from abdominal aorta to measure the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and analyzed the AI in each group.

RESULTSAfter the treatment, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and AI in each acupuncture group were all lower than those in the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with single acupoint group and the Quchi+Zhongwan group, the content of TC in the three acupoints group was lower (P<0.01). The differences of content of TG among each acupuncture group were not significant (all P>0.05). Compared with the rest 6 acupuncture groups, the content of HDL-C and AI in the three acupoints group were significantly different (all P<0.05). The content of LDL-C in the three acupoints group was decreased as compared with the Quchi group and the Zhong-wan group.

CONCLUSIONThe electroacupuncture at "Quchi" (LI 11), "Zhongwan" (CV 12) and "Fenglong" (ST 40) has more advantages on regulating the content of HDL-C and LDL-C as well as improving AI in hyperlipemia rats, and it has superior effects on blood lipid metabolism.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; therapy ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Recently it has been discovered that not only von Willebrand factor (vWF) decrease results in von Willebrand disease, but also vWF increase can lead to several thrombosis diseases. Plasma vWF level is affected by genetic factors. Individuals with different single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype in vWF have different susceptibility to disease; individuals with different blood group have different plasma vWF level. Environment factors also affect plasma vWF level. Understanding relationship of polymorphisms in promoter, exon and intron with thrombosis diseases contribute to prevent and cure these diseases. In this review, the relationship of SNP in promoter, exon and intron of vWF gene with thrombosis diseases is summarized.
Exons ; Genotype ; Humans ; Introns ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Thrombosis ; genetics ; von Willebrand Factor ; genetics

Objective To evaluate the endovascular treatment of diffuse aortoiliac occlusive diseases. Methods Thirty-two patients underwent endovascular treatment in which rest pain was found in 84.38%, foot local gangrene in 15.62%. Mean age was 69.7 years (range, 52 years to 81 years) and 71.9% was male. Trans Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus C and D disease was respectively in 40.6% and 59.4% patients. Mean length of vasculopathy was (14.6 ± 1.2) cm (range, 4.5 cm to 19.5 cm) All patients had prohibitive risk for open revascularization. With the approach from femoral artery or brachial artery, combined techniques, such as recanahzation, balloon dilation, stent placement and concomitant common femoral endarterectomy were used. Results Technical success was achieved in twenty-nine patients(90.63%). The complication rate was 3.45%. Clinical status was markedly improved in eight cases (27.59%) and moderately improved in twenty-one cases(72.41%). Mean postoperative ABI was 0.73 ± 0.12, mean preoperative ABI was 0.32 ± 0.09. Significant differences were seen between postoperative ABI and preoperative ABI(P<0.05). Mean time of follow-up was (13.9±6.2) months. At 6 months, primary patency was 81.82% and secondary patency was 89.09%. At 12 months, primary patency was 63.64% and secondary patency was 80.18%. Conclusion Combined multiple endovascular technique is a safe and effective method in the treatment of poor risk diffuse aortoiliac occlusive diseases.

Objective: To establish a multiplex PCR-microarray method for detecting important enteropahogens.Methods: Uniplex and multiplex PCR were performed to obtain the best primer sets for identifying the target bacteria at species and multi-species level.Fluorescent dyes were mixed into PCR reaction to determine whether it can affect the efficiency of amplification.To improve the efficiency of microarray,a 35 pairs primer-labeling system was optimized based on the hybridization results to find the best combination to avoid false negative results.Results: Specific PCR products were all obtained using species-specific primer sets.More preferential amplification may happen when more primer pairs were added to the reaction.The hybridization results showed a positive association between the efficiency of multiplex-PCR and signal intensity.Conventional PCR yielded more products than fluorescent dyes labeled PCR.Thirty-five primers were divided into three different combinations to label target respectively,hybridization results showed a high specificity.Conclusion: Mixing fluorescent dyes into PCR may reduce the efficiency of amplification and hybridization,but may have no effect on the analysis of hybridization results.The hybridization efficiency of microarray depends on the amplification efficiency of multiplex PCR.For microarray target labeling,three primer sets could be used to avoid negative hybridization led by preferential amplification of multiplex-PCR.It indicates that the multiplex PCR-microarray method is an attractive diagnosis tool for the high-throughput identification of enteropathogenic organisms especially for multiple causative agents and epidemiological investigations.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of DSA-guided percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder catheter drainage (PTGCD) in treating aged patients with acute cholecystitis complicated by severe diseases. Methods The clinical data of 15 aged patients with acute cholecystitis or complicated by severe diseases, who were encountered at authors’ hospital in the past three years and were treated with PTGCD, were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical results were discussed. Results PTGCD was successfully accomplished with single procedure in all 15 patients. Abdominal pain was relieved within one to three days, and the abdominal symptoms and signs subsided or disappeared. Reexamination of routine blood test showed that the white blood cell count decreased to normal range in 1 - 2 weeks, and complete cure was achieved in some patients. Secondary surgery was carried out in some patients after the clinical condition was improved. During the follow-up period no complications occurred in all patients except one who developed biliary leakage after the catheter was retrieved two weeks after the treatment. Conclusion For the treatment of complicated acute cholecystitis in aged patients who are not suitable to receive surgery, DSA-guided percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder catheter drainage is an ideal therapeutic means as it can significantly relieve clinical symptoms.