Birth Weight ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Biology

Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Thyroid Nodule ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography ; Zenker Diverticulum ; diagnostic imaging

Objective To analysis the basic condition of the health resources in Chongqing ,and to explore the effect of the al‐location of health resources on doctor‐patient relationship .Methods Health statistics yearbook of Chongqing city was collected ,the fairness of the allocation of health resources in chongqing carried on the analysis and evaluation ,using the DEA model to analyze and evaluation the efficiency of the allocation of health resources in chongqing ,self‐designed questionnaire was used;hospitals ,doc‐tors and patients were investigated ,the descriptive and statistical analysis carried on .Results The distribution of health resources in Chongqing was inequitable on a regional .This inequitable distribution had been evaluated to the effect that ,as per the DEA mod‐el ,7 prefectures were effective with another 5 slightly effective and 26 as DEA ineffective .In the 8 hospitals that had been investiga‐ted ,the occurrence of medical disputes was undergoing a surge ,which indicates the tense relation between doctors and patients .Con‐clusion The total amount of health resources in Chongqing is fairly insufficient ,the high quality health resources are scarce .Unbal‐anced allocation of health resources and allocation inefficiency is the main reason for nervous doctor‐patient relationship and contra‐diction focus .

With references of historical materials and modern literature regarding acupoint characteristic, a secondary analysis on the concept, origin, related factors and research methods in present research of acupoint characteristic is performed. The acupoint characteristic should be considered as an acupoint inherent attribute that could explain physiological and pathological manifestations at the same time, including location attribute and function attribute, which is related with time and treatment method. Some re-thinking on acupoint characteristic is proposed as well as advice on further research method and direction, hoping to promote the research development of acupoint characteristic.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Meridians

OBJECTIVETo review the role of epigenetic regulation in neonatal diseases and better understand Barker's "fetal origins of adult disease hypothesis".

DATA SOURCESThe data cited in this review were mainly obtained from the articles published in Medline/PubMed between January 1953 and December 2009.

STUDY SELECTIONArticles associated with epigenetics and neonatal diseases were selected.

RESULTSThere is a wealth of epidemiological evidence that lower birth weight is strongly correlated with an increased risk of adult diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. This phenomenon of fetal origins of adult disease is strongly associated with fetal insults to epigenetic modifications of genes. A potential role of epigenetic modifications in congenital disorders, transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM), intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) have been studied.

CONCLUSIONSAcknowledgment of the role of these epigenetic modifications in neonatal diseases would be conducive to better understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases, and provide new insight for improved treatment and prevention of later adult diseases.

DNA Methylation ; Diabetes Mellitus ; genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; genetics ; Genomic Imprinting ; Histones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; genetics ; Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome ; genetics

Objective: To examine the expression of glucocorticoid receptor in human colon cancinoma tis-sues and call lines and to explore the survival of colon cancer cell lines treated with dexamethasone alone or in combination with 5-Fu and L-OHP in a way of dexamethasone pretreatment or co-administration in vitro.Methods: The expression of glucocorticoid receptor was detected in 61 cases of colon cancer tissue samples and 4 types of colon cancer cell lines by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was detected by Hoechst33342 staining and flow cytometry. MTT assay was employed to detect the chemosensitivity of colon carcinoma cells to L-OHP and 5-Fu with dexamethasone pretreatment for 24 hours or co-administretion. Results: Positive GR expression was found in 57.3% colon cancer tissue samples and in Lovo and HCT-116 cell lines, not in HT-29 and SW-480. Apoptosis was detected in GR-expressed Lovo and HCT-116 cells at 72 hours after 1×10~(-4)mol/L Dex treatment, and the rates of apoptosis were higher than those in the control groups without Dex (P<0.01),GR-negative cells, HT-29 and SW-480 even treated with 1 × 10~(-4)mol/L Dex for 72 hours. Pretreatment and co-administration for Lovo cells with 1×10~(-4)mol/L Dex could decrease the IC50 of L-OHP from 13.7±1:1.3μg/mL to 5.9±0.6μg/mL and 4.8±0.7μg/mL, respectively. IC50 of 5-Fu was decreased from 72.2±8.1 μg/mL to 21.1±4.1μg/mL and 18.6±4.0μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: There is expression of glucocorticoid receptor in part of colon carcinoma tissue samples and cell lines. Apoptosis does occur in GR-expressed Lovo and HCT-116 cells induced by dexamethasone in vitro. Pretreatment for 24h and co-administration with Dex can increase the chemosensitivity of Lovo cells to L-OHP and 5-Fu.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and side effects of 4?-adrenergic receptor(?- AR)antagonists in the treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS).Meth- ods Totally,325 patients(mean age,33.2 year;disease history,2.4 years)with CP/CPPS were randomly divided into Prazosin(n=95),Terazosin(n=78),Phenoxybenzamine(n=27),and Doxazosin mesylate controlled release tablets(n=72)groups.Some antibiotics and medications were used for allopathy.In addi- tion,53 cases with no?-AR antagonist treatment served as control group.The efficacy and side effects in all the patients were observed and recorded.The chronic prostatitis symptom index(CPSI)was used to evaluate the efficacy.Results In control group,22(41.5%)patients responded well to the treatment( CPSI mark drop≥5)and 31(58.5%)failed to respond to the treatment(CPSI mark drop＜5).In study group,199 (73.2%)patients responded well to the treatment,and 73(26.8%)failed.The difference in efficacy be- tween?-AR antagonists and placebo treatment was significant(P＜0.01).In study group,specifically,the effective rate was 55.6% in Phenoxybenzamine,78.2% in Terazosin,76.4% in Doxazosin mesylate con- trolled release tablets,and 71.6% in Prazosin groups.The main side effects of?-AR antagonists were postur- al hypotension(a rate of 23.2% for Prazosin,17.9% for Terazosin,22.2% for Phenoxybenzamine,and 8.3% for Doxazosin mesylate controlled release tablets)and dysfunction of ejaculation(only in Phenoxy- benzamine group with a rate of 51.9%).The rates of withdrawing treatment due to side effects were in turn 18.5% of Phenoxybenzamine,7.4% of Prazosin,5.1% of Terazosin,and 0% of Doxazosin mesylate con- trolled release tablets.Conclusions As essential medications for the treatment of CP/CPPS,?-AR antag- onists can relieve the clinical symptoms(dropping NIH-CPSI mark significantly),but some side effects should be considered when some medications are selected.

Objective To investigate the effect of polymorphism of TNF-?gene G308A on sever- ity of myocardial damage during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Sixty-three congenital ca- ses with ventrieualr septal defect(VSD)were divided into groups TNF1 and TNF2 after TNF-?gene pol- ymorphism was identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR- RFLP)before surgery.When the right atrium was opened and closed,specimens of myocardium were ob- tained to study the ultrastructural changes by electron microscope and determine expression of TNF-?mR- NA.Concentration of TNF-?in plasma was measured by radio-immunity after anesthetic induction(T1), 20 minutes of CPB(T2),at the end of CPB(T3) and six hours after CPB(T4)in all cases,respective- ly.Results (1)TNF-?level and the expression of TNF-?mRNA in myocardium were significantly increased during CPB(P＜0.05)in both groups.(2)TNF-?mRNA level of group TNF2 was significant- ly higher than that of group TNF1(P＜0.05).The myocardial CK-MB in group TNF2 was significantly higher than that in group TNF1 at 24 hours postoperatively(P＜0.01).The electron microscope showed more severe ultrastructural changes of myocardium in TNF2 group compared with that in group TNF1(P＜0.05).(3)The concentration of TNF-?in blood plasma in group TNF2 was significantly higher than that in group TNF1 at time points of T2-T4(P＜0.05).Conclusion Polymorphism of TNF-?gene G308A may influence the transcription and production of TNF-?in vivo and hence affect severity of myo- cardial damage.

Microbial lipase,one of important industrial biocatalysts,has been used widely in many industrial and agricultural fields.It is always the research focus to screen,mine and develop the microbial lipases with novel catalytic activity and high stability.This paper introduces briefly the pathways and methods to mine novel microbial lipase resources from six aspects,including extremophile,metagenome,genome database,protein engineering,immobilization,chemical modification,etc.

Microbial lipases are important industrial biocatalysts with the character of stereoselectivity,site selectivity and high catalytic activity with few side effects.They have been used widely in many industrial and agricultural fields.The technology of protein engineering has been successfully applied to improve the activity and stability of microbial lipases,which will raise the competitive capacity of microbial lipase preparations and enlarge theirs application fields.The strategies,the problems and the prospects of protein engineering technology which have been applied to modify the microbial lipases was surveied.