The application of extralevator abdomino-perineal excision (ELAPE) and total mesorectal excision has improved the prognosis of rectal cancer. However, compared with anterior resection for rectal cancer, the circumferential resection margin (CRM) positive rate and intraoperative perforation (IOP) rate are still high. The ELAPE can reduce the CRM positive rate and IOP rate, therefore reduce postoperative local recurrence rate and increase the survival rate of patients. The disadvantage of its trauma, longer operative time, and higher perineum complication in ELAPE is controversial. This review mainly discusses the key points of operative procedure, advantages and disadvantages, research status and development prospects of ELAPE.
Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Humans ; Mesentery ; surgery ; Perineum ; surgery ; Prognosis ; Rectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Rectum ; surgery

Objective To explore the significance of designing with monitoring-flap in massive com- pound bone grafts for repairing massive bone defects in extremities.Methods From January 2001 to De- cember 2004,large bone defects in 19 patients(11 men and 8 women,age:6 to 35 years,mean age:18.6 years)were repaired by vascularized free fibular transplant with a monitoring-flap combining with massive deep frozen bone allografts.Average length of the bone defects was 16.6 cm(range,12 to 25 cm).A 7 days' con- tinuously clinical examination including observing the color,turgor,temperature,capillary refill,and bleeding after a needle sticking of the monitoring-falps were used postoperatively,if any one of these were abnormal,the circulation of the compound bone grafts must be in danger and some measures such as re-operation should be taken immediately.Dynamic image analysis was used for evaluating the bone union.Results One monito- ring-flap was vascular artieulo,and the articulo was relieved after exploration and resection of vein thrombus; another one was marginal part necrosis;the remains were normal.All of monitoring-flaps healed normally after 23.2 months(range,6 to 54 months)follow-up.15 patients had the radiographic evidence of bone unions 3 months after surgery.11 patients had been removed intermal fixation,complete bone unios were found one year postoperatively.Conclusion Designing with monitoring-flap in massive compound bone grafts for repairing massive bone defects,and can clearly understand the circulatory statue of compound bone grafts and early pre- dict the final results of massive bone allografts.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of applying sirolimus-eluting stents in emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods In total,220 patients with AMI were enrolled in this study at Shanghai Tongji Hospital, divided into two groups,one with bare-metal stent and the other with sirolimus-eluting stent.Cardiovascular fatality,major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and target vessel revascularization (TVR) were observed one and six months after PCI in the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in overall fatality and MACE in the 1~(st) or 6~(th) months after PCI between the two groups.Three cardiogenic deaths occurred in bare-metal stent group with a fatality of 2.8 percent,and five deaths in sirolimus-eluting stent group with a fatality of 4.5 percent in six months after PCI.However,rate of restenosis in those with sirolimus-eluting stents was significantly lower than that of bare-metal stents (6.0 percent vs 16.1 percent,P

BACKGROUNDSpinal anesthesia is considered as a reasonable anesthetic option in lower abdominal and lower limb surgery. This study was to determine the dose-response of intrathecal ropivacaine in patients with scarred uterus undergoing cesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.

METHODSSeventy-five patients with scarred uterus undergoing elective cesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were enrolled in this randomized, double-blinded, dose-ranging study. Patients received 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 mg intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine with 5 μg sufentanil. Successful spinal anesthesia was defined as a T4sensory level achieved with no need for epidural supplementation. The 50% effective dose (ED50) and 95% effective dose (ED95) were calculated with a logistic regression model.

RESULTSED50and ED95of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine for patients with scarred uterus undergoing cesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) were 8.28 mg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.28-9.83 mg) and 12.24 mg (95% CI: 10.53-21.88 mg), respectively.

CONCLUSIONWhen a CSEA technique is to use in patients with scarred uterus for an elective cesarean delivery, the ED50and ED95of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine along with 5 μg sufentanil were 8.28 mg and 12.24 mg, respectively. In addition, this local anesthetic is unsuitable for emergent cesarean delivery, but it has advantages for ambulatory patients.

Adult ; Amides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; methods ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; methods ; Cesarean Section ; methods ; Cicatrix ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Sufentanil ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Uterus ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Ki67) with sensitivity to neoadjuvant chemoradiation in rectal adenocarcinoma.

METHODSSamples of pretreatment biopsies and the resected specimens after neoadjuvant therapy in 32 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma were collected, and the expression of Ki67 and VEGF were detected by immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies. The correlation of Ki67 and VEGF expression with clinicopathological factors were analyzed.

RESULTSThe level of VEGF expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.033), depth of tumor invasion (P = 0.007) and TNM stage (P = 0.016), but not with histological type, tumor size, age and gender of the patients (P > 0.05). However, VEGF expression was found to be negatively and significantly correlated with the sensitivity to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (P = 0.016), and a transient increase of VEGF expression was detected in the resected specimens after neoadjuvant therapy (P = 0.035). Ki67 labeling index (Ki67-LI) was found to be significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.028), but not with tumor size, age and gender of the patients (P > 0.05). It was also found that tumors with lower Ki67-LI expression were more sensitive to neoadjuvant therapy than that with higher expression of Ki67-LI (P = 0.032). In contrast with VEGF, the Ki67 expression level decreased after neoadjuvant therapy, but no statistical significance was found between pretreatment and posttreatment specimens (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe preliminary results of this study demonstrate that the expression of VEGF and Ki67 in pretreatment biopsy of rectal adenocarcinoma may be used as a biomarker to predict tumor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; Radiotherapy, Conformal ; Rectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Depression/drug therapy* ; Fluoxetine ; Mice ; Stress, Psychological ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

BACKGROUNDSpinal anesthesia was considered as a reasonable anesthetic option in severe preeclampsia when cesarean delivery is indicated, and there is no indwelling epidural catheter or contraindication to spinal anesthesia. However, the ideal dose of intrathecal bupivacaine has not been quantified for cesarean delivery for severe preeclamptic patients. This study aimed to determine the ED 50 and ED 95 of intrathecal bupivacaine for severely preeclamptic patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery.

METHODSTwo hundred severely preeclamptic patients are undergoing elective cesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia enrolled in this randomized, double-blinded, dose-ranging study. Patients received 4 mg, 6 mg, 8 mg, or 10 mg intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine with 2.5 μg sufentanil. Successful spinal anesthesia was defined as a T6 sensory level achieved within 10 minutes after intrathecal drug administration and/or no epidural supplement was required during the cesarean section. The ED 50 and ED 95 were calculated with a logistic regression model.

RESULTSED 50 and ED 95 of intrathecal bupivacaine for successful spinal anesthesia were 5.67 mg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.20-6.10 mg) and 8.82 mg (95% CI: 8.14-9.87 mg) respectively. The incidence of hypotension in Group 8 mg and Group 10 mg was higher than that in Group 4 mg and Group 6 mg (P < 0.05). The sensory block was significantly different among groups 10 minutes after intrathecal injection (P < 0.05). The use of lidocaine in Group 4 mg was higher than that in other groups (P < 0.05). The use of phenylephrine in Group 8 mg and Group 10 mg was higher than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05). The lowest systolic blood pressure before the infant delivery of Group 8 mg and Group 10 mg was lower than the other two groups (P < 0.05). The satisfaction of muscle relaxation in Group 4 mg was lower than other groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in patients' satisfaction and the newborns' Apgar score and the blood gas analysis of umbilical artery serum (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOur study showed that the ED 50 and ED 95 of intrathecal bupivacaine for severely preeclamptic patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery were 5.67 mg and 8.82 mg, respectively. In addition, decreasing the dose of intrathecal bupivacaine could reduce the incidence of maternal hypotension.

Adult ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Bupivacaine ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Cesarean Section ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sufentanil ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo clarify the anatomical relationship of the structures in the first toe webbing space for better dissection of toes in thumb reconstruction.

METHODSThe first dorsal metatarsal artery, the first deep transverse metatarsal ligament and the extensor expansion were observed on 42 adult cadaveric lower extremities. Clinically the method of tracing the first dorsal metatarsal artery around the space of the extensor expansion was used in 36 cases of thumb reconstruction.

RESULTSThe distal segments of the first dorsal metatarsal artery of Gilbert types I and II were located superficially to the extensor expansion. The harvesting time of a toe was shortened from 90 minutes to 50 minutes with 100% survival of reconstructed fingers.

CONCLUSIONSThe distal segment of the first dorsal metatarsal artery lies constantly at the superficial layer of the extensor expansion. Most of the first metatarsal arteries of Gilbert types I and II can be easily located via the combined sequential and reverse dissection around the space of the extensor expansion.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Dissection ; Finger Injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Metatarsus ; anatomy & histology ; blood supply ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Thumb ; injuries ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility and safety of video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma and gastro-esophageal anastomosis in right thoracic cavity.

METHODSThe clinical data of 120 patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma and gastro-esophageal anastomosis in right thoracic cavity from March to December 2011 was analyzed retrospectively. In the video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery group, there were 60 patients [41 male and 19 female patients with aver age of (62 ± 7) years old] who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma and gastro-esophageal anastomosis in right thoracic cavity. In the routine thoracotomy group, there were 60 patients [39 male and 21 female patients with aver age of (62 ± 9) years old] who underwent routine thoracotomy esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma and gastro-esophageal anastomosis in right thoracic cavity. Operation time, intra-operative blood loss, postoperative total thoracic drainage in 3 days, total number of harvested lymph nodes, hospitalization, cost of hospitalization and complications were compared between the two groups.

RESULTThe operations were carried out successfully in two groups. There was no perioperative death in all patients. There was no statistical difference in intra-operative blood loss, postoperative total thoracic drainage and cost of hospitalization between the two groups. Operation time of rideo-assisted thoracoscopic surgery group was significantly longer than that of thoracotomy group ((188 ± 38) minutes vs. (138 ± 50) minutes, t = 6.171, P = 0.000), but postoperative hospitalization was significantly lower ((14 ± 3) d vs. (18 ± 6) d, t = -4.093, P = 0.000) and total number of harvested lymph nodes was lower (17 ± 9 vs. 21 ± 11, t = -2.058, P = 0.042). There was significantly statistical difference in total postoperative main complication (25.0% vs. 48.3%, χ(2) = 7.033, P = 0.008). And postoperative incisional infection of VATE group patients was significantly lower than that of thoracotomy group patients (6.7% vs. 25.0%, χ(2) = 7.566, P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONSVideo-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma and gastro-esophageal anastomosis in right thoracic cavity is technically feasible and safe, with minimized trauma and quick recovery. The recent result is satisfactory.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; methods ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; Thoracotomy

Heishui county, located in northwest Sichuan province, southwestern China, is an endemic area of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and is the most intractable area. VL is never destroyed in it. Asymptomatic dogs (Leishmania parasites have been diagnosed but clinically healthy) are considered to be a potential reservoir host in zoonotic VL area, and most can lead to infection of individuals, that is a new challenge for controlling VL in humans. The present study aimed to assess the Leishmania infection rate of asymptomatic dogs in Heishui county. Total 105 asymptomatic domestic dogs were gathered from 4 districts in Heishui county to investigate the infection rate with serological and molecular methods based on ELISA and kinetoplast minicircle DNA(kDNA) PCR, respectively. Out of 105 dogs, 44 (41.9%) were positive by more than 1 method; 21 (20.0%) were positive by ELISA, and 30 (28.6%) were positive by kDNA-PCR. Our study showed that Leishmania infection of domestic dogs which is clinically healthy is prevalent in the studied district, and the asymptomatic dogs infected by Leishmania may be the primary reason for the prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in the area.
Animals ; China* ; Dogs* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Leishmania* ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral* ; Methods ; Parasites ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence