Objective To investigate pharmacodynamics of propofol for smooth exchange of tracheal tube for u laryngeal mask airway after surgery in elderly patients. Methods Twenty elderly patients, ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ, aged 65-70 yr, scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled in this study. Anesthesia was induced with propofol, atracurium and remifentanil. The patients were mechanically ventilated after the trachea was intubated. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol combined with remifentanil. After surgery, a predetermined propofol concentration was achieved and a steady state maintained for at least 5 min. The target plasma concentration of propofol at which the laryngeal mask airway following tracheal extubation was attempted was determined by Dixon's up-and-down method with 0.5 μg/ml as the step size, The probit model was used to calculate the EC_(50) and EC_(95) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of propofol for inhibiting patient's response induced by smooth excharge of tracheal tube. Results The EC50 of propofol to achieve laryngeal mask airway following tracheal extubation was 2.79 μg/ml (95% CI 2.44-3.04 μg/ml) and EC_(50) 3.61 μg/ml (95% CI 3.27-4.78 μg/ml). Conclusion The target plasma concentration of propofol for laryngeal mask airway following tracheal extubation in elderly patients is 3.61 μg/ml.

Objective To establish a novel canine model of severe acute cholangitis(ACST).Methods Ten dogs were randomly divided into two groups:model group and control group.ACST models were established by placing T-tube in common bile duct and ligating the distal bile duct,then injecting E.coli trough T-tube and closing the T-tube.The changes of peripheral WBC,total bilirubin,ALT,AKP,IL-1?,TNF-? and endotoxin were observed pre-operatively and at 24 h,48 h,72 h,and 7 d post-operatively.The pathological changes of bile duct were observed when the dogs were sacrificed.Results There were no significant differences in all indices between two groups pre-operatively.Serum IL-1?,TNF-?,endotoxin and total bilirubin,ALT,AKP level in model group increased gradually and were higher than control group(P

0.05) before and after treatment. The rates of eosinophil infiltration: 98.2% vs. 80.4% in the mild UC (P

Objective To explore the relationship between cat fur or dog fur allergens and clinical presentation, as well as allergenic cross-reactivity between cat fur or dog fur allergens and other allergens. Methods Totally 548 children with allergic disorders were assayed with 13 international standard allergen agents by means of SPT. The results were denominated according to the size of skin areola or welt, reference histamine as positive, isotonic Na chloride as negative. Results In 143 children with cat fur allergenic SPT position, 98 cases were boys and 45 cases were girls with an average age of 5. 84 years. In 96 children with dog fur allergenic SPT positive,60 cases were boys and 36 cases were girls with an average age of 6.06 years. The most had occurred in summer. Of them,a large number of cases presented asthma,secondly presented mild cough. Besides, the cross- reactivity of cat fur and dog fur allergenic SPT positive in 64 cases with acarid was most common, followed by latex, which exceeded animal protein, while the cross - reactivity of mold, plant farina and chomophyte allergens were rare. Conclusions About 20% children with allergic disorders are cat fur or dog fur allergenic SPT positive. Cat fur or dog fur allergenic SPT positive results are significantly correlative to age and season, however they are not relative.to sex. Cat fur or dog fur allergens exist correlations with other allergens.

AIM:To investigate the findings of the eyes which were examined preoperatively by three mirror contact lens before the implantation of implantable collamer lens ( ICL) . To analysis the retinal pathological changes and to explore the clinical analysis of early diagnosis and treatment in retinopathy on fundus examination before operation.
METHODS:The retrospective case series study included 127 eyes of 64 patients who underwent phakic intraocular lens implantation were received the fundus examination by three mirror from April 2011 to April 2012 in our hospital. The age, refractive diopter, the findings of Goldmann three mirror examination and the condition of retinal photocoagulation were analysed and concluded.RESULTS:A total of 34 eyes (26. 8%) out of all 127 eyes ( 64 cases ) were found to have peripheral retinal pathological changes. Eight eyes ( 6. 3%) with retinal holes, 15 eyes(11. 8%) with retinal lattice degeneration, 5 eyes ( 3.9%) with retina cream degeneration, 3 eyes (2.4%)with retinal paving stone degeneration,2 eyes with vitreoretinal adhesion and traction, 1 eye ( 0. 8%) with retinal hemorrhage. Twenty-five cases were given retinal photocoagulation and then received the ICL implantation after 3mo. The follow - up time was 1a. No retinal detachment happened.
CONCLUSION: Phakic before intraocular lens implantation for fundus examination by three mirror is contributed to find the peripheral retinal pathological changes and abnormity. And make the appropriate treatment before operation for improving the security of operation, it can also give help to the postoperative follow-up of the fundus of these patients.

The viable but noncuturable (VBNC) state is a survival strategy when bacteria are exposed to en- vironment stress. The VBNC state is part of the life cycle of non-differentiating bacteria, and it has a far-reaching impact on traditional bacteriology. Cells in the VBNC state fail to grow on the routine bacterio- logical media, here its significance in human health and environment science are detailed. Cells entering the VBNC state exhibit dwarfing and a number of metabolic changes in respiration rates and macromolecular synthesis. This paper summarized the variations in DNA and protein comparing to the culturable cells. We also discussed the ability of cells to resuscitate from the VBNC state and return to an actively metabolizing and culturable form. Some new methods for monitoring the VBNC state were listed. Finally the future was suggested.

Objective To find an ideal liver cirrhosis portal hypertension model in big animals suitable for surgical study.Methods Twenty canines were treated by subcutaneous injection of 60% CCl4 colza oil emulsion into the back,at a dose of 1.0-1.3 mL/kg every 10 days for a total of 6-8 times.At the same time,it was combined with the control of food intake.All canines were fed with rice mixed with 10% hog fat.The amount of rice was 15 g/kg per day from the first day to the forth day,but the amount of food was not controlled from the fifth day to the tenth day.During the process,the canines′ general condition was observed and the changes of hepatic functions such as ALT,TP,ALB,G and A/G were measured.The changes of liver morphology,the diameter and blood flow of portal vein were monitored with color Doppler.Every two weeks,a piece of hepatic tissue to observe the pathological change of liver was excised operatively.Results During the process,the body weight of the canines decreased continually;ALT increased during early and middle stages and decreased during advanced stage;TP and ALB always decreased,and A/G continuously decreased,but G did not change significamtly.Eight weeks after injection,liver became progressively smaller.its density was not well-distributed,and liver particles gradually became coarse,and liver capsule became rough.The diameter of portal veins became larger and the velocity of portal vein became slower.Liver cirrhosis with psudolobules was found on light microscopy from the tenth week to the twelfth week.Three canines died,with mortality of 15.0%.Conclusions It took 10-12 weeks to establish this liver cirrhosis portal hypertension models in canines by subcutaneous injection of CCl4.This method is convenient,has high success rate,and is suitable for use in surgieal research.

Objective To observe the effect of Weidongfang and hydrotalcite in treatment of bile reflux gastrifis.Methods Bile reflux gastritis were randomly assigned to 2 groups.30 eases in the Weidongfang group were treated with Weidongfang and hydrotalcite;30 cases in the mosapride group were treated with mosapride and hydrotalcite;and the course of treatment was 4 weeks for all.The clinical symptoms of bile reflux gastritis,the classify of extent of bile reflux and the accumulated points of pathological change of the gastric mucosa below gastroscope were evalumed before and after treatment.Results The significant and total effective rate in the Weidongfang group were 33.3% and 86.7%.Mosapride group 43.3% and 83.3%.Butthe classify of extent of bile reflux and the accumulated points of pathological change of the gastric mucosa of Weidongfang group were Similar to Mosapfide group below gastroscope.Conclusion Weidongfang and hydrotalcite were effective medicine in treatment of bile reflux gastritis.

Objective To investigate a method to detect the sentinel lymph nodes(SN) of thyroid papillary carcinoma and its predictive value for cervical metastasis of carcinoma. Methods Intraoperative methylene blue dye mapping was performed in 24 cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma. The coincidence rate of frozen section pathology and routine section pathology of SN was observed,and the predictive value of SN for (metastasis) of the cervical lymph nodes was noted. Results SN was successfully detected in 21(87.5%) of 24 cases. The average number of SN was 3 nodes. There was one false negative case, the false negative rate was 4.8%(1/24), and no false positive cases were found. The predictive value of sentinel lymph nodes to (cervical) lymph node metastasis was 83.3%.Conclusions Methylene blue staining to identify sentinel lymph nodes could accurately predict the status of cervical lymph node metastasis of thyroid papillary carcinoma.

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of "J"-shaped uterine incision for caesarean section for patients diagnosed with placenta previa. A total of 55 consecutive cases of placenta previa treated in Union Hospital were retrospectively analyzed over a period of two years and 10 months. The subjects were divided into two groups with respect to the uterine incision. Twenty-four pregnant women with placenta previa who were indicated for caesarean section underwent the procedure using a new "J"-shaped uterine incision and 31 pregnant women with placenta previa received caesarean section that used the traditional transverse incision. The two groups were compared in terms of operation time, estimated blood loss, infant expulsion time, exhaust time and postoperative recovery. Meanwhile, comparison was also made in neonatal clinical data between the two groups. Compared with the "J"-shaped incision group, the traditional incision group had a lower Apgar scores (P<0.05). However, there existed no statistically significant differences in the overall time of operation and postoperative period of breaking wind (P>0.05). It is concluded that, with caesarean section for placenta previa patients, the "J"-shaped uterine incision significantly decreases intraoperative blood loss and facilitates the fetal delivery.