Objective: To investigate the possible association between codon 2020 polymorphism(Asn2020Ser) of IGF2R gene and the susceptibility to colorectal cancer(CRC) and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in Chinese population. Methods: The IGF2R Asn2020Ser genotypes were determined by TaqMan assay in 345 CRC cases and 670 controls, and in 469 HCC cases and 558 controls. Odds ratios(OR) for cancer and 95% confidence intervals(CI) from unconditional logistic regression models were used to evaluate relative risks. Potential risk factors were included in the logistic regression models as covariates in the multivariate analyses on genotype and cancer risk. Results: The Ser allele of the IGF2R Asn2020Ser polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased risks of CRC and HCC. As compared with Asn/Asn genotype, Asn/Ser,Ser/Ser and Ser-allele carriers (Asn/Ser or Ser/Ser genotype) had significantly decreased risks of CRC, with the decrease being 0.71-fold (95% CI = 0.54-0.94, P = 0.017), 0.64-fold(95% CI = 0.42-0.97, P = 0.036) and 0.69-fold(95% CI = 0.53-0.90, P = 0.008), respectively. A similar decreased HCC risk was also shown, with the decrease being 0.68-fold(95% CI = 0.52-0.89, P = 0.005) for Asn/Ser genotype, 0.78-fold(95% CI = 0.52-1.16, P = 0.212) for Ser/Ser genotype, and 0.70-fold(95% CI = 0.54-0.90, P = 0.006) for Ser-allele carriers, when compared with Asn/Asn genotype. Conclusion: The Ser allele of the IGF2R Asn2020Ser polymorphism is potentially one of the protective factors against CRC and HCC in Chinese population.

Objective To discuss the value of combining the physiological and operative severity score for enumeration of mortality and morbidity(POSSUM)and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)in severe acute pancreatitis(sAP).Methods 60 cases of SAP were divided into surgery group(n=15)and non-surgical group(n=45),Non-surgical group was vahde with APACHE Ⅱ score,the surgery group with POSSUM score,decided to continue conservative treatment or surgery treatment,Observation of two ways with the complications and death.Results The rates of compHcafions and death were(0.37±0.08)and(0.27±0.09)in Single-operation group(n=15)higher than(0.76±0.14)and(0.61±0.15)in surgical group(n=11)(t1=3.125,t2=3.211,P＜0.01);APACHEⅡ score of mortality in operation group and non-surgical group were no significant difference(x2=2.28,x2=1.98,P＞0.05);APACHE Ⅱ score were(10.12±6.27)in survival group(n=46)were lower than (25.75±7.90)in death group(n=14)(t=2.525,P＜0.05.Conclusion The score of dynamic APACHE Ⅱ has better effect to judge the timing of surgery,and the score of POSSUM has high value to predict post-operative complications and deaths occurred in patients with severe acute pancreatitis.

Intracranial branch atheromatous disease (BAD) was proposed by Caplan in 1989.It has been widely studied in Japan in recent years.With the application of high-resolution magnetic resonance,BAD has become a hot topic.This article reviews the concept,etiology,pathology,diagnosis and treatment of BAD as well as its relationship with ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND:Tantalum rod implant technology is a new method of early osteonecrosis treatment. Current research on stress distribution before and after tantalum rod implant in different sizes of femoral head necrosis area is few. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the stress distribution before and after tantalum rod implantation in different sizes of necrotic femoral head area using three-dimensional finite element method. METHODS:Three-dimensional finite element models of normal femoral head and necrotic femoral head of 15, 20 and 30 mm diameterwere constructed. Eight measuring points were chosen on two tiers of each necrotic model to detect the stress distribution and its alteration before and after tantalum rod implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Stress concentration werefound on every necrotic femoral head, most pronounced on the one with 30 mm lesion. (2) Tantalum implant appeared to reduce the stress concentration generaly. Comparison of the peak points of these models indicated most significant benefit in 15 mm lesion, next in 30 mm lesion, last in 20 mm lesion. (3) Results indicate that larger lesion entails more concentrated stress distribution and more likely to colapse. Tantalum rod implantation can delay the development of necrosis of the femoral head, andismost effective in smal lesion.

Objective To summarize the nursing methods of Orthofix limb reconstruction system in the treatment of limb long bone defects. Methods Thirty-two patients with long bone defects were collected between January 2012 to January 2015. The patients were all treated with the Orthofix limb reconstruction system and perioperative nursing. Results All the cases were treated by the method for 8 . 5 to 18 . 2 months , averaged 15 . 40 ± 3 . 20 months . The bones extended 4 ~ 21 cm , averaged ( 8 . 06 ± 3 . 06 ) cm . The assessments of bone transport treatment showed 31 cases were excellent and 1 good. Conclusions The limb long bone defects with or without soft tissue defects caused by various causes can be treated by the Orthofix limb reconstruction system. Patients should pay attention to psychological counseling and nutritional support preoperatively. It is important for patients to pay attention to bone transport and functional exercise guidance postoperatively.

Objective To establish RNase L gene knockout HEK 293 cell lines using CRISPR/Cas9 system.Methods Small guide RNA ( sgRNA) sequences of human RNase L were designed and sgRNAs were inserted into pCas-Guide and pCas-guide RNA(gRNA) vectors were obtained.The donor DNA sequences of the homologous arm were designed for RNase L knockout .In the presence of the right homologous arm , the resistance gene of hygromycin B and the left homologous arm as templates of homology-directed repair , the donor DNA template was amplified by overlopping PCR and cloned into the pBackZero-T expression vector and pBackZero-T-RNase LK vector was obtained .The pCas-gRNA vector and pBackZero-T-RNase LK vector were co-transfected into HEK293 cells to establish the stable expression cell line of RNase L gene knockout .Cells were cultured with hygromycin B , while Western blotting and DNA sequencing were used to analyze the gene of RNase L knockout from genome .Results and Conclusion The pCas-gRNA vector and pBackZero-T-RNase LK vector were successfully constructed.Five RNase L gene knockout HEK293 cell lines were generated,contributing to the study of the biological function and molecular mechanism of RNase L .

A series of [1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f]isoindolone derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterases (AChE). Furthermore, their effects on memory impairment of mice induced by scopolamine were investigated with step-through test. The results suggested that most of the target compounds exhibited potential inhibition on AChE with IC50 values at micromolar range. Compounds I1 (IC50 value of 0.086 μmol · L(-1)) and I2 (IC50 value of 0.080 μmol · L(-1)) showed the strongest AChE inhibitory activity, which are equipotent to donepezil (IC50 value of 0.094 μmol · L(-1)). Moreover, compounds I1-I4 could improve the memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice.

It is the objective of this study to develop dynamic predictive model for the extraction process of red Ginseng using NIR spectroscopy. NIR spectroscopy was collected online and PLSR models were developed for total quantity of ginsenosides. The performance of NIR prediction model achieved R, RMSEC, RMSEP of 0.996 09, 0.018 9, 0.016 8, respectively. A first order dynamic mass transfer model was combined with NIR prediction of the quality indicator to predict the trajectory of the extraction process based upon the initial 3 or 4 data points. The results showed good agreement with actual measurements indicating reasonable accuracy of the predictive model. It could potentially be used for advanced predictive control of the extraction process.
Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Ginsenosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Models, Theoretical ; Panax ; chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared

It is the objective of this study to optimize the extraction process of red ginseng to minimize the unit cost of extracting effective ingredients. The relation between the target variables of total quantity of ginsenosides and first extraction time, first extraction solution amount, second extraction time, second extract solution amount were studied with Box-Behnken experimental design method. At the same we also considered the cost of extraction solution and energy usage. The objective function was set as unit cost of target (total quantity of ginsenosides or its purity) for the multi-objective optimization of extraction process. As a result, the optimal process parameters were found as first extraction time (108.7 min), first extraction solution amount folds (12), second extraction time (30 min), second extraction solution amount folds (8) to minimize the unit cost. It indicated that this approach could potentially be used to optimize industrial extraction process for manufacturing Chinese medicine.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; economics ; methods ; Cost Control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; economics ; isolation & purification ; Panax ; chemistry

ObjectivesTo examine the validity of high-frequency Doppler ultrasound in identifying knees synovitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).MethodsNinety-five consecutive patients with active RA were examined withhigh-frequency Doppler ultrasound to examine synovitis signals in knees.Synovial tissue samples of 51 patients were obtained by closed needle biopsy from knees after ultrasound examination.Serial synovial tissue sections were stained with H&E and immunohistochemical staining,and the histopathological synovitis scores were evaluated.The relationship among clinical, histopathological and ultrasound synovitis indexes was analyzed by Spearman's rank order correlation test and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsAmong 95 RA patients,the median thickness of synovial membrane in ultrasound was 2.8 mm,the median depth of effusion was 2.7 mm; Doppler signals of synovial blood flow were detected in 82％(78/95 ) of patients and the median semiquantitive grading of synovial blood flow was 1.0.The thickness of synovial membrane and synovial blood flow at Doppler ultrasound correlated positively with histological synovitis score,hyperplasia of the lining layer,and inflammatory infiltration in sublining area (the thickness of synovial membrane:r=0.438,0.424,0.368,respectively; synovial blood flow:r=0.357,0.377,0.347,respectively; all P＜0.05).Although there was no significant difference in clinical synovitis indexes between patients with histologically low-grade and high-grade synovitis,the thickness of synovial membrane and synovial blood flow in ultrasound in patients with histologically high-grade synovitis was significantly higher than those with low-grade synovitis(P=0.001,0.036,respectively).When the thickness of synovial membrane in ultrasound was ≥ 3.9 mm,the specificity of diagnosing the high-grade synovitis was 96.7％ and the sensitivity was 61.9％.ConclusionSynovitis signals at high-frequency Doppler ultrasound correlate with histopathological synovitis,and it might be helpful in evaluating the severity of histopathological synovitis.