Neovascular glaucoma ( NVG ) is a kind of intractable eye disease with complex etiology, strong destruction and poor effect on treatment. Extensive retinal ischemia and hypoxia is the main etiology, and the key of treatment is early diagnosis, active prevention and taking effective measures to prevent the production of vascular endothelial growth factor. According to the related literature over recent years, the authors will discuss pros and cons for medical, surgical and combined treatment in this review.

Objective To explore the value of galactography in the diagnosis of breast diseases with nipple discharge. Methods X-ray features, clinical manifestations and pathological results in 70 patiens with nipple discharge proved by clinic and pathology were analyzed retrospectively. Results There were intraductal papilloma in 45 cases, ductal carcinoma in 5 cases, ductal dilatation in 17 cases, breast duct hyperplasia accompanied chronic mastitis in 3 cases .Conclusion Galactography plays important role in diagnosis and differentiation of the breast duct tumor and chronic mastitis diseases, and provides significant information for clinic.

Objective To investigate the treatment of complex fractures of distal femur with open reduction and internal fixation with anatomical plate. Methods From January 2001 to June 2004, 67 cases of complex fractures of distal femur were treated with open reduction and anatomical plate internal fixation. The allogeneic bone was grafted for 23 cases, ilium was grafted for 35 cases, ilium and fibula were grafted for 9 cases. Bio- resorbable membranes were used between quadriceps femoris and femur. 13 cases were aided with patella traction. All the patients received fumigation and rinsing with Chinese herbs and CPM(continuous passive motion) after operation. Results All the 67 cases were followed up for 10 to 26 months. All the fractures got united. The postoperative knee functions were excellent in 36 cases, good in 23 cases, fair in 5 cases, and poor in 3 cases according to Kolment standards. The excellent and good rate was 88.1% . Conclusions Open reduction, internal fixation with anatomical plate, bone grafting, local use of bio- resorbable membranes, patella traction when necessary, fumigation and rinsing with Chinese herbs and CPM after operation are good measures to treat complex fractures of the distal femur, because they can provide stable fixation, allow early postoperative functional training, and prevent adhesion of quadriceps femoris and stiffness of the knee joint

Objective To study the clinical features,pathological characteristics and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma(RCC)in young adults,and to improve the recognition of RCC in young population. Methods The data of 35 young patients with RCC under the age of 35 years from August 1983 to June 2005 were analyzed retrospectively.There were 22 males and 13 females with a mean age of 31 years(age range, 19-35 years).The clinical presentations were as follows:painless hematuria in 12 cases(34%),low back pain in 12(34%),abdominal mass in 2(6%),fever in 3 and Stauffer syndrome in 1.The tumor size was 1.2-13.8 cm in diameter(mean,6.0cm).AJCC staging showed stage I tumor in 8 cases,stageⅡin 4, stageⅢin 18 and stageⅣin 5.Of the 35 cases,28 underwent radical nephrectomy(including simultaneous extraction of the vena cava emboli in 3 cases and extraction with pulmonary lobectomy in 1);5 cases under- went partial nephrectomy;and 2 cases lost the chance of operation(1 of them had biopsy).Results The operations were successful.The postoperative pathologic diagnoses consisted of clear cell carcinoma in 23 ca- ses,mixed cell carcinoma in 5,papillary cell carcinoma in 2,and chromophobe cell carcinoma in 2,low-dif- ferentiated and undifferentiated cell carcinoma each in 1.Of them,26 cases were followed for 12-148 months(mean,56 months).Postoperative 3-and 5-year survival rates were 65% and 50%,respectively. Conclnsions In young population,RCC is difficult to diagnose because of occult symptoms at early stage and lack of tumor specificity,which leads to relatively late clinical staging at diagnosis.RCC is characterized by higher malignancy,easy invasion to surrounding tissues and metastasis,and thus poor prognosis.

Objective To observe changes of cognitive function and the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin 10(IL-10) in hippocampus of diabetic rats,and assess the role of inflammation in the possible pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy (DE).Methods 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and diabetes mellitus group.After 4 weeks of feeding high fat diet,diabetes mellitus group according to 30mg/kg injected with streptozotocin to establish type 2 diabetic rat model.At the end of the experiment,cognition were evaluated using water maze test.The concentration of beta-amyloid(Aβ) in hippocampus of diabetic rats were detected through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,and the expression of TNF-α,IL-10 were detected by Western blotting.The expression of Aβ,TNF-α,IL-10 were observed through immunohistochemistry.Results Time spent in the target quadrant in diabetes mellitus group was shorter than that in control group ((38.21± 3.68)s vs (42.10±2.62)s,t=3.105,P＜0.01).The frequency of crossing original platform site was less than that in control group((2.62±0.77) vs(3.69±0.95),t=3.184,P＜0.01).Compared with control group the expression of Aβ,TNF-α were higher(BothP＜0.01),and IL-10 were lower(P＜0.01)in diabetes mellitus group.The positive expression of Aβ,TNF-α were obviously and IL-10 were less obviously observed in diabetes mellitus group according to immunohistochemistry.Conclusion The cognitive decline in diabetic rats is possibly related to inflammatory cytokines expressing out of balance.

AIM: To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of sulfasalazine (SASP) 3 g per day in the treatment of patients with mild and moderate ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: 122 patients were treated with SASP ( 1 g, t.i.d.) for 6 weeks. The data of clinical manifestations, colonoscopic and histological involvements were compared before and after the treatment of UC. The short-period efficacy and adverse reactions were evaluated in 110 patients. RESULTS: The therapeutic project was carried out in the 110 out of 122 patients. After 110 patients were treated for 6 weeks, the clinical, colonoscopic and histological remission were 71.8%, 21.8% and 16.4%, respectively. Among the 79 patients with clinical remission, 58.2% and 67.1% of them remained grade 1 in colonoscopic and histological findings, respectively. The curative rates and the effective rates were 63.9% and 82.0%, respectively. Among the 122 patients treated with SASP, 21 of them ( 17.2%) had adverse reactions. Except 4 patients suffered urticaria and leukopenia, no patients quitted the treatment because of obvious adverse reaction. CONCLUSION: SASP ( 3 g per day) can be an effective and safe medicine in treatment of patients with mild and moderate UC, but more than half of the patients in clinical remission still have light inflammation in colonoscopy and histology.

A series of valproic acid salicylanilide esters were designed and synthesized based on the principle of prodrug. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed by MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Anti-tumor activities of these compounds against K562, A549, A431 cells in vitro were investigated by MTT assay and SRB assay. The results indicated that the compounds 6h-6j were found to have stronger cell growth inhibitory action than gefitinib, and comparable to niclosamide, which are worth to be intensively studied further.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Fosfomycin trometamol(FMT)versus Norfloxacin(FPA)in elderly diabetic patients with acute urological tract infections.Methods From Jan.2012 to Mar.2013,eighty-six patients with uncomplicated and complicated urinary tract infection were randomized into FMT group(n =43)and FPA group(n =43).Patients in both groups were balanced with regard to baseline urinary tract symptoms,fever,leukocytosis,positive urinary culture and disease type(P＞0.05).Patients received FMT 3 g daily and Norfloxacin 0.4 g twice daily for a week.Extended treatment was given to 35 patients not cured within a week.Total treatment course should not exceed two weeks.Patient's symptoms,signs,complete blood count,urinalysis,urine culture,pharmacological sensitivity tests,renal and liver function tests were performed.Results After one week of FMT treatment,28(65.1％)cases were cured and 10 cases were improved(1 was with abnormal urinalysis,9 had positive urine culture).In total,in 38(88.4％)patients treatment was as effective;In FPA group,23(53.5％)were cured and 7 cases were improved(7 had positive urine culture).In total,there were 30(69.8％)patients classified as effective.Difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05 =.After 2 weeks of FMT treatment,38(88.4％)cases were cured and 2 patients were improved(1 was with abnormal urinalysis,1 had positive urine culture).In total,40(93.0％)patients were classified as effective.In FPA group,25(58.1％)cases were cured and in 8 patients were improved(8 had positive urine culture).In total,there were 33(76.7％)patients classified as effective;Difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05 =.Bacterial clearance rate in FMT and FPA group was 88.9％ and 72.7％,respectively.Difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05 =.The adverse reaction rates were 9.3％ and 14.0％,respectively.Difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusions FMT is an effective and safe antibiotic in the treatment of urinary tract infections in elderly diabetic patients.

Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of andrographolide (AD) on the migration and invasion of human cervical cancer cells,and investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of AD.Methods Human cervical cancer cell lines HeLa cells were cultured in vitro.After induced by 100 nmol/L of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate(PMA) for 24 h,different concentration of AD was co-incubated for another 24 h.Cell viability was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazoliym (MTT) assay.Chamber invasion assay was used to observe the migration and invasion,respectively.Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 subunit were detected by Western blot.Results The concentration (0 ～ 10 μmol/L) of AD exhibited a non-cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells.10 μmol/L of AD decreased PMA-induced migration by 49％ and invasion by 52％.Western blot showed that AD suppressed PMA-induced MMP-9 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner.Treatment of AD could decrease the translation of p65 in HeLa cells.Conclusions AD inhibits MMP-9 expression mediated by NF-κB,which lead to the suppression of migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells.

Lynch syndrome is the most common type of genetically determined colon-cancer predisposition syndrome, accounting for 5%of all colorectal cancer (CRC) cases. This hereditary syndrome is characterized by the germline mutation of human mismatch repair genes and microsatellite instability. Recent studies have shown that Lynch syndrome and sporadic CRC differ in diagnosis and treat-ment;these results are especially relevant for the clinical management of Lynch syndrome. In this review, we reverted to the original characterization of Lynch syndrome, and the developments in its screening and diagnosis were summarized. Furthermore, the manage-ment of families with this disorder was discussed.