The study aims to evaluate the bioequivalence of valsartan hydrochlorothiazide tablets, and to investigate the potential cause of bioinequivalence. This was a single-center study with an open, randomized double-way crossover design. Test and reference preparations containing 160 mg of valsartan and 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide were given to 36 healthy male volunteers. Plasma concentrations of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide were determined simultaneously by LC-MS/MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability were calculated, while the bioequivalence between test and reference preparations were evaluated. The dissolution profiles of test and reference preparations in four different mediums were determined via dissolution test and HPLC. The similarity was investigated according to the similarity factors (f2). The F(o-t) and F(0-infinity) were (139.4 +/- 65.2)% and (137.5 +/- 61.2)% for valsartan of test preparations. It led to get the conclusion that test and reference preparations were not bioequivalent for valsartan. A significant difference was observed between test and reference tablets in the valsartan dissolution test of pH 1.2 hydrochloric acid solution. The key factor of the bioinequivalence might be that dissolution of valsartan in acid medium has marked difference between two preparations.
Administration, Oral ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Antihypertensive Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Area Under Curve ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Cross-Over Studies ; Drug Liberation ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Tablets ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Therapeutic Equivalency ; Valsartan ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Young Adult

Objective To prepare controlled release microspheres of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)& calcium alginate and observe their effect on proliferation of human umbilical vein endo- thelial cells(HUVEC)in order to provide theoretical basis for controlled release of VEGF facilitating an- giogenesis of tissue engineering bone.Methods VEGF-calcium alginate microspheres were prepared by using the needle extrusion/external gelation method to investigate physicochemical character and in vitro release of VEGF.According to the different ingredients added into the culture medium,the seconda- ry cultured HUVEC were divided into four groups,ie,control group,microsphere group,VEGF group and VEGF-calcium alginate microsphere group,in which the proliferation of the cultured HUVEC was ob- served with cell counting method,MTT method and flow cytometry.Results The calcium alginate mi- crospheres were revealed as spherical shape and evenly distributed,with mean grain diameter of(560?50)?m,carrying capacity of 0.72 ng/mg and the encapsulation efficiency of 54%.Smooth controlled re- lease in VEGF-alginate microspheres lasted for more than 10 days.Proliferation of the cultured HUVEC was accelerated the most in VEGF group at the beginning but in EGF-calcium alginate microsphere group at midanaphase compared with other groups,with statistical difference(P＜0.05).There was no statis- tical difference upon cell counting,cell activity and time point of cell cycle between control group and mi- crosphere group.Conclusion VEGF-sodium alginate microapheres can continue activity of VEGF,re- lease VEGF for over 10 days and promote proliferation cultured HUVEC for a long time.

Objective To evaluate therapeutic effects and toxicity of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)treated by combining chemotherapy on ifosfamide(IFO)and vinorelbine(NVB).Methods 107 cases pa- tients with advanced NSCLC were enrolled.IFO was given in a dosage of 1.5g/m~2 on day 1 to 4.and NVB in a dosage of 25mg/m~2 on day 1 and 8.It was repeated every three or four weeks,up to two to four cycles.Results Two patients had complete response and 40 patients had partial response.The overall response rate was 47.7% ,the median survival time 10.3 months,1-year and 2-year survival rate was 42% and 12.3%,respectively.The main toxicity was bone marrow suppression.Conclusion The regimen is effective,sale and tolerable in advanced non- small cell lung cancer therapy.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficacy and efficacy sustainable time of acupuncture in knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

METHODSThe non-randomized concurrent control trial was adopted. One hundred and ninety-three cases of KOA were divided into an immediate acupuncture group (group A, 97 cases) and a delayed acupunc-weeks at the end of treatment. In group B, the same acupuncture therapy was applied after waiting 4 weeks. The acupoints in the two groups were Liangqiu (ST 34), Dubi (ST 35), Zusanli (ST 36), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Xuehai (SP 10), Xiyan (EX-LE 4), Xiyangguan (GB 33). WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Osteoarthritis) was used for the assessment of the primary index and VAS (visual analogue scale) was for the secondary index. The evaluation was accomplished by the patients at the beginning of trial, on the 4th and 8th weeks. In each group, 72 patients finished the trial and the data of the lost cases were included in the final data analysis.

RESULTSIn the 4th week of trial, WOMAC score was (25. 8+/-22.0) in group A difference (P<0. 001). VAS scorewas (31. 8+/-24. and was (43.8+/-22.2) in group B, indicating the significant 6) in group A and was (56. 6 +/-25. 8) in group B, indicating very significant difference (P<0. 001). In the 8th week, the efficacy was reduced slightly in the follow-up of group A, but it was improved apparently as compared Acupuncture relieves joint pain and improves joint function obviously.by th patiĩeffr,a Mtaetfti-?an tf ri-with that before treatment.

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture relieves joint pain and improves joint function obviously.The effect of acupuncture is still sustainable in 4 weeks after terminating the treatment.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Arthralgia ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effects of combined type external fixator in treating complex tibial metaphyseal fractures.

METHODSFrom January 2007 to July 2012, 34 patients with complex tibial metaphyseal fractures were treated with combined type external fixator in different stagings. There were 23 males and 11 females, with a mean age of 41.3 years (ranged, 16 to 63), and the course of disease were from 1 h to 8 d. In the patients, 31 cases were open fractures, 11 cases with type II, 13 cases with type III A, 7 cases with type III B according with Gustilo classification; 19 cases were tibia plateau fractures, 6 cases with type II, 1 case with type IV, 5 cases with type V, 7 cases with type VI according to Schatzker classification; 15 cases were distal tibial fractures (one were bilateral fractures), 2 fractures with type A2, 1 fracture with type A3, 1 fracture with type C1, 5 fractures with type C2, 7 fractures with type C3 according to AO classification. Rasmussensn scoring system and AOFAS Ankle Hind-foot Scale were respectively used to assess the joint function of knee and hip.

RESULTSWound surface of 19 patients obtained at phase I healing and 15 patients obtained at phase III healing. Superficial wound infections occurred in 2 cases and bone non-union necessitated reoperation occurred in 2 cases (final fractures obtained bone healing after the second operation). All patients were followed up from 6 to 38 months with a mean of 14.3 months. At the final follow-up,according to Rasmussensn scoring system, 5 fractures got excellent results, 11 good, 3 fair, the mean Rasmussen score was 23.58 +/- 3.98; according to AOFAS Ankle Hind-foot Scale, 5 fractures got excellent results, 8 good, 3 fair, the mean AOFAS Ankle Hind -foot Scale was 80.75 +/- 14.21.

CONCLUSIONCombined type external fixator can well maintain the stability of the fractures, had advantages of low incidences of soft tissue complications and less influence to joint motion in treatment of complicated tibial metaphyseal fractures. However there were some limitations in long-term use.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Recovery of Function ; Tibial Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Adult ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cholecystectomy ; methods ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Keratin-19 ; metabolism ; Keratin-7 ; metabolism ; Keratin-8 ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; RNA, Viral ; metabolism ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

This paper is aimed to develop rapid, sensitive and convenient HPLC-MS/MS methods for the quantification of levosimendan and its metabolites OR-1855 and OR-1896 in human plasma. According to the different natures of the compounds, two sets of liquid chromatography and ionization modes were used for determination the concentration of levosimendan and its metabolites OR-1855 and OR-1896 in human plasma, separately. Following protein precipitation with methanol, the levosimendan and internal standard (rosuvastatin) were separated on a Capcell MG III C18 column (35 mm x 2.0 mm ID, 3 microm) with the mobile phase consisted of methanol-15 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate-formic acid (55: 45: 0.02, v/v/v). A tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source was used as the detector and operated in the negative ion mode. Its metabolites OR-1855, OR-1896 and internal standard doxofylline were extracted from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Zorbax Extend C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 microm) with the mobile phase consisted of methanol-15 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate-formic acid (65 :35 :0.1, v/v/v). A tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source was used as the detector and operated at the positive ion mode. The linear concentration ranges of the calibration curves for levosimendan and OR-1855 and OR-1896 were 0.10-50.0 ng x mL(-1), 0.20-100 ng x mL(-1), 0.20-100 ng x mL(-1), respectively. The lower limits of quantification of levosimendan and OR-1855 and OR-1896 were 0.10 ng x mL(-1), 0.20 ng x mL(-1), 0.20 ng x mL(-1), respectively. The methods proved to be sensitive, simple and rapid, and suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of levosimendan injection.
Acetamides ; blood ; Cardiotonic Agents ; blood ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Humans ; Hydrazones ; blood ; metabolism ; Male ; Pyridazines ; blood ; metabolism ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

The in situ gel systems can form gel in situ after administration to achieve sustained release, thus provides a promising strategy for drug delivery systems. The aim of this study was to design and prepare in situ gel systems for the oral delivery of ibuprofen (IBU-ISG) and study its pharmacokinetics in Beagle dogs. The characteristics of the basic material of gellan gum (Kelcogel, Kel) and sodium alginate (Manugel, M) were studied through investigating the complex viscosity of the Kel or M solution with or without different concentrations of calcium ion or sodium citrate to ascertain the amount range of the excipients. The measurement of complex viscosity of the solution (0. 5% Kel and 1% M) with different concentrations of sodium citrate and calcium ion was carried out to select the suitable proportion of calcium ion and sodium citrate. The formulation of binary IBU-ISG was optimized by monitoring the complex viscosity before gelling in vitro release property. The optimized formulation contains 1.0% sodium alginate, 0.5% gellan gum, 0. 21% sodium citrate and 0.056% calcium chloride. A single oral dose of IBU-ISG and reference formulation (IBU suspension) were given to each of the 6 healthy Beagle dogs, ibuprofen in plasma at different sampling times was determined by RP-HPLC. The pharmacokinetics parameters in 6 Beagle dogs were calculated. The Tmax of IBU-ISG and reference formulation were (1.8 +/- 0.6) and (0.4 +/- 0. 1) h. The Cmax values were (29.2 +/- 7.6) and (37.8 +/- 2.2) microg x mL(-1). The T(1/2) were (2.3 +/- 0.5) and (2.0 +/- 0.9) h, and the AUC(0-t) were (131.0 +/- 38.6) and (117.3 +/- 23.1) microg x mL(-1) x h, respectively. The binary IBU-ISG was successfully prepared.
Administration, Oral ; Alginates ; chemistry ; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Calcium Chloride ; chemistry ; Citrates ; chemistry ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Dogs ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Excipients ; Female ; Glucuronic Acid ; chemistry ; Hexuronic Acids ; chemistry ; Ibuprofen ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; chemistry ; Viscosity

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicating cardiogenic shock underwent various treatments.

METHODSFrom January, 2002 to May, 2007, 47 AMI patients with cardiogenic shock were treated in our department by optimal medication (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, etc.), intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), mechanical ventilation when indicated, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Outcome and factors related to mortality for these patients were analyzed in this retrospective study.

RESULTSBesides optimal medication and IABP in all patients, 31 patients underwent PCI (66.0%), 6 patients received emergency CABG (12.8%). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 36.2% (17/47), 6 patients (14.9%) died before coronary revascularization and 11 patients (21.3%) died after revascularization. Nine patients died of pump failure and 8 patients died of renal and (or) respiratory failure. Regression analysis showed that acute renal failure (r = 0.734, P = 0.000), acute respiratory failure (r = 0.606, P = 0.000) and diabetes (r = 0.372, P = 0.012) were positively related to in-hospital mortality.

CONCLUSIONDespite improvements in treatment options for AMI patients complicating cardiogenic shock, in-hospital mortality remained high, especially for patients complicating further with acute renal failure and acute respiratory failure.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cause of Death ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; complications ; mortality ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock, Cardiogenic ; etiology ; mortality ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical performance of the crowns made by Cerec2 computer aided design and computer aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) system.

METHODSTwenty four teeth were restored with Cerec2 CAD/CAM crowns. Eight years after delivery of the prostheses, the all-ceramic crowns were evaluated using modified standard of California Dental Association quality evaluation system. Patients filled out a satisfaction questionnaire at the same time. And Kaplan-Meier analysis was carried out.

RESULTSThree out of 24 restorations were rated as failure. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the success rate of Cerec2 crowns eight year following delivery was 88%.

CONCLUSIONSCrowns made by Cerec2 CAD/CAM system can survive in oral condition and function well for 8 years.

Adult ; Computer-Aided Design ; Crowns ; Dental Porcelain ; Dental Prosthesis Design ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged