Objectives To learn the bednet use and influential factors among Wa and Lahu ethnics,and further to explore feasible ways of promoting the use of bednets and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Methods Questionnaire surveys and statistical analysis with EpiInfo 2000 software package were carried out. Results Only did 2.8% [95% confidence intervals(95%CI):1.2%-5.4%] of Wa and 4.8 % (95%CI:2.8%-8.1%) of Lahu ethnic members use bednets frequently or sometimes. Bednets were not available for 67.7% (95% CI:62.0%-73.1%) of Wa and 59.7% (95% CI:53.1%- 66.1%) of Lahu ethnic peoples. Most people who had bednets did not often use them for anti-mosquitoes. Results of multivariate logistic regression confirmed significant correlation between bednet use and knowledge of malaria prevention. Conclusion The coverage and use rates are very low in the two ethnical minorities. Health education, communication and social marketing are the strategies for promoting the usage of bednet and ITNs.

Objective To observe and evaluate clinical feasibility and efficacy of endoscopic metal stenting and combined radiotherapy in treatment of medium and late stages of esophageal carcinoma. Methods 34 cases of medium and late stages of esophageal carcin oma were treated with endoscopic stent implantation and in combination with sten t and radiotherapy. Evaluation of CES stainless metal stent on rad iation effect, clinical symptom alleviation and complication rates and survival rates in both groups was made. Results 1) CES stainless stent had no effect on radiation dosage distribution; 2) Dysphagia was markedly alleviated in both groups and no differe nce in complication rates was observed between two groups; 3) The survival rates of 6,9,12 months in patients treated with combined therapies were significantly higher than those in simple stent implantation patients. Conclusions Endoscopic metal stenting in combination with radiothe rapy was a feasible and practical management in treating medium and late stages of esophageal carcinoma, which was superior to simple metal stent implantation.

Objective:To characterize the volatile compounds in 10 batches of disposable infusion sets and 6 batches of nasal can-nulas by GC-MS and determine the main odor-active compounds. Methods:The volatile components were extracted using a headspace sampler. An HP-5MS capillary column (30 m × 0. 25 mm,0. 25 μm) was adopted, and the qualitative analysis was performed by total ion chromatography ( TIC) of full scan with temperature programmer. Results:A total of 19 major volatile compounds were identified, which were hydrocarbon, alcohol and carbonyl compounds (such as aldehyde and ester). Based on the combination of odor test and GC-MS, the concentration of alcohol compounds (2-ethyl hexanol, 2-EH) had the most notable effect on the odor of samples. Conclu-sion:The samples with unacceptable order contain 2-EH with relatively high content, which should be paid more attention.

Objective To observe the effects of Suoquan Wan(SQW) on the endocrine and immune function of the polyuria rats with kidney-yang deficiency. Methods The model rats were induced by gastric infusion of adenine(250 mg/kg) for 4 weeks, then treated respectively with SQW (at low, middle and high dose respectively), Shenqi Wan and desmopressin for another 4 weeks. The bodyweight and organ index were recorded, and serum cortisone concentration were detected. T cell subsets in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. Results The bodyweight of rats in model group was lower than that in the normal control group. And the bodyweight of rats in desmopressin group, middle-and high-dose SQW groups differed from that in the model group (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01). The decreased organ indexes of pituitary, adrenal and thymic glands were found in the model group (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01 compared with the normal group). The thymus index was elevated in all the medication groups except the low-dose SQW group (P < 0. 05). The elevated organ indexes of pituitary and adrenal glands were only found in Shenqi Wan group and high-dose SQW group (P < 0. 05). In the model group serum cortisone concentration was decreased (P < 0. 01). In Shengqi Wan group and middle-and high-dose SQW groups, the cortisone concentration was significantly increased (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01, compared with the model group). In the model group, the percentages of CD3+ and CD3+/CD4+ T cell subsets in pe-ripheral blood were decreased, and the percentage of CD3+/CD8+ T cell subset was increased (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01 compared with the normal group). Compared to the model group, the percentages of CD3+ and CD3+/CD4+ T cell sub-sets were increased and the percentage of CD3+/CD8+ T cell subset was decreased in SQW group and Shenqi Wan group. But the differences of T lymphocyte subsets were insignificant between desmopressin group and the model group. Conclu-sion SQW can regulate the endocrine and immune function of the polyuria ratwith kidney-yang deficiency.

BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is a kind of protease family, its activity can be inhibited by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP), especially by TIMP-3.OBJECTIVE: To fully isolate and purify natural TIMP-3, and to create enzyme-linked immunoassay of TIMP-3.DESIGN: Single-sample observation SETTING: Central Laboratory of Shenyang Medical College MATERIALS: Human placenta from Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fengtian Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College (Informed consent was obtained from the relatives of patients) and MMP-1 from Research Institute. Fuji Chemical Industries, Ltd.METHODS: This experiment was conducted in the Central Laboratory of Shenyang Medical College between March 2001 and May 2002. Firstly,4 mol/L urea Tris-buffer solution (pH8.0) was used to prepare homogenate solution of placenta. Secondly, homogenate solution was performed chromatography through CM52 positive ion-exchange resin and Sephacryl S200 gel filtration. Thirdly, relative molecular weight and purity were detected by SDS- polyacrylamidedel gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).Fourthly, Western blotting was used to identify the characters of purified protein. Fifthly, the inhibitory rate of TIMP-3 to MMP-1 was measured with immumofluorescence method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The relative molecular mass of protein showed by PAGE. ② Results of Western blot. ③ The inhibitory rate of TIMP-3 for MMP-1. ④ The recovery rate of TIMP-3 following purification.RESULTS: ①The isolated and purified TIMP-3 from human placenta consisted of non-glycosylated and glycosylated protein, with relative molecular mass of 24 000 and 27 000, respectively. ② The inhibitory concentration of non-glycosylated and glycosylated TIMP-3 was 1.1×1010 mol/L and 1.2×1010 mol/L respectively to MMP-1. The inhibitory concentration of placenta-derived TIMP-3 was significantly higher than that of recombinant TIMP-3 for MMP-1. ③ The recovery rate of TIMP-3 was 23.4% following two-step chromatography.CONCLUSION: Extracellular matrix of human placenta-derived TIMP-3 consists of non- glycosylated protein and glycosylated protein; Two kinds of purified TIMPs-3 have remarkable inhibitory concentration for MMP-1, and significantly higher in comparison with recombinant metalloproteinase inhibitory factor-3.

Objective To investigate the influence of hypoxia on leptin expression in serum,CSF and brain tissue of C57BL/6J mice.Methods C57BL/6J mice were divided into 3 groups:the normal control,24-hour hypoxia group and 48-hour hypoxia group.The latter two groups exposed to hypoxia in the man-made auto pressure and hypoxia control cabin(XQ-I).Radioimmunoassay was used to detect the leptin level.Results The leptin level in the serum,CSF and brain tissue of mice exposed to hypoxia were higher than that of normal control,but no difference was found between 24-hour hypoxia group and 48-hour hypoxia group.Conclusion Hypoxia probably induces the increasing of leptin expression in fat tissue,as well as in the central nervous system.

Objective To observe the effects of Suoquan Wan(SQW) on the endocrine and immune function of the polyuria rats with kidney-yang deficiency. Methods The model rats were induced by gastric infusion of adenine(250 mg/kg) for 4 weeks, then treated respectively with SQW (at low, middle and high dose respectively), Shenqi Wan and desmopressin for another 4 weeks. The bodyweight and organ index were recorded, and serum cortisone concentration were detected. T cell subsets in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. Results The bodyweight of rats in model group was lower than that in the normal control group. And the bodyweight of rats in desmopressin group, middle-and high-dose SQW groups differed from that in the model group (P

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and MR imaging features of olivopontocerebellar atrophy(OPCA).Methods The clinical data and MR findings of 8 patients with OPCA (OPCA group) were retrospectively analyzed,and 75 cases of healthy physical examination people were chosen as control group (they were divided into 21-30 years group,31-40 years group,41-50 years group,51-60 years group,61-70 years group,and 15 cases in each group),all subjects under went pons measurement.Results All 8 patients with OPCA were sporadic cases.The cerebellar symptom,autonomic symptoms and extrapyramidal symptoms were common manifestations.The head MR imaging of OPCA presented with cerebellum and brain stem atrophy,cross sign was the characteristic appearance.Vertical diameter and anteroposterior diameter of the pons in OPCA group patients was (20.63 ± 2.16) and (16.74 ±4.37) mm,compared with control group [(27.14 ±1.73) and (22.28 ± 1.49) mm],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).In control group,vertical diameter and anteroposterior diameter of the pons maximum in 21-30 years group and 31-40 years group,increased with age,the value had been reduced,but there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion MR is the first choice for the diagnosis of OPCA,combine with clinical manifestations may improve the diagnostic accuracy.

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of daily online cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-guided stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for primary and metastatic lung cancer and its related factors.Methods From May 2009 to May 2013,36 patients with lung cancer were treated with SBRT,including 24 patients with primary lung cancer and 12 patients with metastatic lung cancer.The biologically effective dose at 10 Gy was ≥ 100 Gy in 85.7％ of 42 lesions.Before each delivery,CBCT was acquired,and online automatic or manual registration was performed to make the tumors on CBCT within the planning target volume/primary gross tumor volume;the setup threshold was not set,and the couch was moved for correction.Results The 1-,2-,and 3-year sample sizes were 36,29,and 26,respectively.The 1-,2-,and 3-year local control (LC) rates were 96％,89％,and 72％,respectively.The 1-,2-,and 3-year cancer-specific survival (CCS) rates were 82％,74％,and 64％,respectively.The 1-,2-,and 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were 78％,64％,and 53％,respectively.Univariate analysis found no factors associated with LC.Multivariate analysis revealed no factors associated with OS.Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that only tumor location (central type or peripheral type) was associated with CCS;the mean values (95％ confidence intervals) of CCS in patients with central-type and peripheral-type lesions were 21.4 months (13.2-29.6 months) and 42.3 months (35.7-49.0months),respectively (P=0.024).Conclusions Daily online image-guided SBRT for primary or metastatic lung cancer can lead to a satisfactory LC.

Objective To research the effect of PEGylation on rBla g 2 from Blattella germanica.Methods rBla g 2 allergen expressed in E.coli was purified by Ni+affinity chromatographY,then was PEGylated by mPEG2-NHS(Mr,10×103).The PEG-rBla g 2 was purified by CM-Sepharose,a cation exchange chromatography. SDS-PAGE,Western blot and ELISA were used to characterize its biologicat actovoty.Results The relative molecular mass of the purified rBla g 2 was about 39×1023.PEG-rBla g 2 was analyzed by SDS-PAGE.Five bands were visualized by staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250,while seven bands by staining with I2-KI.Cation exchange chromatography could separate rBla g 2 and PEG-rBla g 2.The 100×103(Mr)and 130×103(Mr)of PEG-rBla g 2 could combined with the special IgE from sera of one cockroach-allergic patient by Western blot.The immunological activities of PEG-rBla g 2 in vitro decreased remarkablv bv ELISA,which was only 42%of rBla g 2.Conclusion PEGylated allergen can retain the ability of combining with special IgE from sera,while its immunological activities reduce enormously,which establishes the basic work of researching recombinant low-sensitive allergens.