Objective:To optimize and improve the content determination method for nitroglycerin ointment. Methods:An HPLC method was used,the column was Hypersil ODS(150 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm),the mobile phase was acetonitrile ∶water(50 ∶50),the detection wavelength was set at 220 nm,the flow rate was 1 ml·min-1 ,the column temperature was 30℃,and the injection volume was 20 μl. Results: The results showed a good linear relationship within the concentration range of 0. 020 3-0. 203 3 mg · ml-1 ( r =0. 999 9),and the average recovery was 99. 51%(RSD=1. 06%,n=9). Conclusion: The method is rapid,accurate and reproduci-ble,and can be used to determine the content of nitroglycerin in nitroglycerin ointment.

Objective: To understand the effects of remuneration incentive and their influences on job satis-faction in county public hospital. Methods: Stratified random sampling was adopted. Six county public hospitals in county level in Heilongjiang province were selected as the sample. Exploratory factor analysis was used to ana-lyze the remuneration incentives, descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to ana-lyze the effects and their influences on work satisfaction. Results: remuneration incentives are divided into four dimensions that comprised a total of 16 items, which including direct material rewards, indirect material re-wards, occupational rewards and social rewards. The surgeon’s job satisfaction is higher than the physician, and is lower than the obstetrics and gynecology and pediatrics. Technician and nurses’ satisfaction is lower than the general practitioner. The medical staff who worked less than5 years has the lowest satisfaction. Authorized staff’s satisfaction is lower than off-staff. Direct material rewards and occupational rewards are related to job satisfac-tion. Conclusions:Material rewards were in low level, and non-economic incentive was insufficient. The salary incentive for highly educated talents should be strengthened.

Objective To observe the delayed brain myelination of children with phenylketonuria(PKU)combined with epilepsia,and explore effectiveness of the treatment and provide an objective criteria for patient recovering evaluation.Methods There were 42 PKU patients,aged 3 to 72 months were selected.The concentration of phenylalanine tested by high pressure liquid chromatography was greater than 1.2 mmol/L in blood,diagnosed as PKU.According to electroencephalogram and clinical symptom,21 cases were diagnosed as epilepsy,the other 21 cases were used as control group.All patients were taken MRI before treatment.Myelination in 10 sections(cerebellum,pons,mesencephalon,internal capsule posterior limb,corpus callosum,internal capsule anterior limb,occipital lobe,parietal lobe,temporal lobe,frontal lobe)were evaluated.Results Delayed myelinations were located mainly in the cerebral lobes and corpus callosum,average delayed incidence of the 10 region was 44.8% in epilepsy group and 30.9% in control group.The incidence of the corpus callsum was 80.9% in epilepsy group,52.4% in control group,the number of sections of delayed myelination showed statistically significant between 2 groups(P

2cm~2.Conclusions The auto-cranial pedicle flap via endonasal repairing blow-out fractures of or- bital inferior wails is an effective technique.The results are good for improving eye movement especially for fracture ranged≤2cm~2. (Ophthalmol CHN,2007,16:388-390)

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; ultrastructure ; Aged ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; ultrastructure ; Cardia ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; ultrastructure ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDCardiomyocyte transplantation for the therapy of myocardial ischaemia is being paid close attention. However, how the microenvironment controls the differentiation of transplanted bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) is unknown. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a cytokine, increases during myocardial infarction, but it is not known whether ET-1 is responsible for the fate of transplanted BMSCs. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ET-1 on differentiation and maturation of induced rabbit BMSCs, in vitro, to elucidate the cellular biological mechanisms.

METHODSThe proliferation of BMSCs isolated from femur of rabbits was induced by ET-1 only, by 5-azacytidine (5-aza) or ET-1 combined with 5-aza. After 4 weeks of induced culturing, the differentiation rate and the diameter of induced myocyte like cells were estimated and the expressions of GATA-4 protein and phosphorylation level were assayed by Western-blot, RT-PCR analysis of beta-myosin heavy chain (MHC). mRNA expression, levels of troponin-I by immunohistochemical staining and ultrastructure of induce-cultured BMSCs were also determined.

RESULTSBy induction with ET-1 and 5-aza, mean cell diameter of induced BMSCs was larger than induced with 5-aza [(6.26 +/- 0.22) microm cf (5.29 +/- 0.19) microm] (P < 0.001). There was no difference in rate of differentiation of myocyte like cells between the groups induced with 5-aza and ET-1 combined with 5-aza [(29.82 +/- 0.23)% cf (29.94 +/- 0.18)%] (P > 0.05). The expressions of GATA-4 protein and phosphorylation were enhanced significantly in groups induced with ET-1 combined with 5-aza (P < 0.05). In the group induced with ET-1 combined with 5-aza, expression of beta-MHC mRNA was higher than control [(0.122 +/- 0.008) cf (0.022 +/- 0.003)] (P < 0.01), and more troponin-I positive cells were also detected in this group. Differentiated BMSCs showed formations of myofilaments and primitive sarcomere, i.e., morphological characteristics of myocyte like cells.

CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that induced culturing of BMSCs by ET-1 combined with 5-aza can express cardiomyocytic characteristics whereas ET-1 alone could not induce BMSCs to differentiate to myocyte like cells. ET-1 upregulates the expression of GATA-4 protein and phosphorylation level of induced BMSCs, and rapidly promotes the differentiation and maturation of myocyte like cells from BMSCs.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; ultrastructure ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelin-1 ; pharmacology ; GATA4 Transcription Factor ; analysis ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; Myosin Heavy Chains ; genetics ; Phosphorylation ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rabbits ; Stromal Cells ; cytology ; ultrastructure

The eight heavy metals and two essential constitutes of safflowers planted in linzhi which lies in Southern Tibet were analyzed by ICP-MS and by HPLC respectively. Heavy metals of safflower in the region were at the lower level and the essential constitutes were at the higher level. The better quality of safflower here was assisted by the excellent climate in tibet.
Carthamus tinctorius ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Contamination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Metals, Heavy ; analysis ; Tibet

Objective To investigate the imaging findings and key diagnostic points of Brunner’s gland adenoma on CT.Methods The CT imaging findings and pathological features of 9 cases of Brunner’s gland adenoma confirmed by pathology were retrospec-tively analyzed,including the lesions number,site,size,shape,margin,density and the enhancement pattern.Results Of the 9 ca-ses,1 case located in the antrum and 8 cases in the duodenaum [6 cases in the duodenal bulb (75%)and 2 in the papillary (25%)]. Of the 6 cases of duodenal lesions,3 were found at the anterior wall and 3 at the posterior wall.Except 1 case which complicated with enteritis and had an obscure margin,the other 8 cases were clear margined ,and were round or nodular in shape.The maximum size of tumors ranged 1 5-68 mm in diameters (mean 35.0 mm ± 1 6.2 mm).The density of tumors was homogeneous on CT scan without necrosis or hemorrhage.In the arterial phase after administration of contrast agent,the lesions were similar to the adjacent intestinal wall enhancement,and mucosal annular enhancement (halo sign)showed in 6 cases,and the dot-shape non-enhancement area within the lesion (black star sign)showed in 5 cases,and the thickening or tortuous enhanced blood vessel showed in 6 cases.In the venous phase,9 cases were progressive enhancement,and the “black star sign”or “the black line sign”showed more clearly in 5 cases.In the pathology,the lesions were polypoid-like,solid or cystic.Under the microscope,the hyperplasic Brunner’s glands were covered with normal duodenal mucosa and separated by bundles of smooth muscle cells with dilated duct,cyst,and adipose cells,1 case with atypical hyperplasia of the glandular epithelium and 1 case with ectopic pancreas.Conclusion There are some spe-cific CT imaging features in Brunner’s gland adenoma,which is of important clinical value in accurate preoperative diagnostic.

Objective Because of the major trauma from thoracotomy , postoperative pain may arouse patients'psychological and physiological stress response and hence affected the treatment outcome and functional recovery seriously .We retrospectively studied the correlation between the staging of pain and nursing interference to investigate the effect of nursing interference on the pain intensity after thoracic surgery . Methods Five hundred and eighty cases of patients surviving thoracotomy between December 2013 and March 2014 in Nanjing Jingling Hospital were reviewed .Correlations between comfortable nursing measures such as effective analgesia , postural care , catheter care , environmental interventions , psychological intervention and the standard assessment of pain were analysed according to postoperative pain stage . Results With comprehensive nursing interference , the highest pain score occurred in the first 24 hour (2.89 ±0.39).The score was reduced gradually to 2.25 ±0.90 in stage Ⅱ, 1.58 ±0.57 in stage Ⅲ and 1.06 ±0.24 in stage Ⅳrespectively . Conclusion Comprehensive nursing interference according to pain staging may relieve pain effectively after thoracotomy .

Objective To explore the relationship between intracellular concentration of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in ATO-resistant K562 cells (K562/AS2) and ATO resistance level.Methods The K562/AS2 cells were established by gradually increasing the concentration of ATO from the parental cell line,K562.Arsenic concentration was measured with atomic fluorescence photometry.Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay.Results At exposure to 1 μg/ml ATO for 24 h,48 h and 72 h,the arsenic concentration in the K562/S cells were all significantly higher than that in the K562/AS2 cells,(15.63± 0.42) μg/L vs 0 μg/L,(22.27±0.15) μg/L vs (3.51±0.12) μg/L and (24.31±0.21) μg/L vs (3.61±0.11) μg/L (P ＜ 0.05).With increasing concentration and the extension of incubation time,concentration of arsenic in cells was gradually increased (P ＜ 0.05),which increase quickly between 1 μg/ml and 2 μg/ml.The growth inhibition rate of K562/AS2 cells was also gradually increased (P ＜ 0.05),which increased quickly between 1 μg/ml and 2 μg/ml.Linear correlation analysis showed that when the K562/AS2 cells was exposed to ATO for 24 h,48 h and 72 h,respectively,the cell growth inhibition rates were positively correlated with the intracellular concentration of ATO.Conclusions Either increasing concentrations of ATO or prolonging the exposure time to ATO can increase intracellular concentration of ATO in ATO-resistant cells,and intracellular arsenic concentration is positively related to the cytotoxicity of ATO to K562/AS2 cells.Therefore,the sensitivity to ATO of ATOresistant K562 cells could be restored by increasing the intracellular concentration of ATO.