· AlM:To investigate the effect of compound anisodine on fundus blood circulation after vitrectomy with face-down position.
· METHODS: Sixty patients ( 60 eyes ) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment received vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade operation, who were randomized divided into treatment group ( 30 eyes ) and control group ( 30 eyes ) .The patients in the treatment group received the subcutaneously injection of compound anisodine hydrobromide by the superficial temporal artery once daily for 14d since postoperative first day.Retinal microcirculation blood flow parameters were recorded with Heidelberg retinal flowmeter postoperative 1d, 1 and 2wk, and were compared between two groups.
·RESULTS: The blood flow parameters ( Vol, Flw, Vel) of control group postoperative 1 and 2wk were significantly less than those postoperative 1d.Otherwise the parameters of treatment postoperative 1 and 2wk were significantly more than those postoperative 1d. The parameters between two groups were significant different ( P<0.01) .
· CONCLUSlON: Facing down after vitrectomy with
silicone oil tamponade may reduce retinal blood supply, consequently lead to retinal ischemia; compound anisodine can effectively improve the retinal and choroidal microcirculation after vitrectomy with face-down posture, reduce retinal ischemia, and enhance the visual function.

?AIM: To observe the clinical curative effect of the intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF antibody combined with the implantation of Ex-press glaucoma drainage device for neovascular glaucoma ( NG) .?METHODS:A retrospective analysis of 20 patients with NG, who got the intravitreal injection of anti -VEGF antibody combined with the implantation of Ex-press. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure ( IOP ) , iris neovascularization fade and intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed at 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo postoperatively.?RESULTS:The average IOPs of 20 patients were 47 ± 5.6mmHg, 13.4 ±3.6mmHg, 15.3 ±4.2mmHg, 16.9 ± 5.3mmHg and 18.7 ±6.9mmHg preoperatively and postoperatively 1wk, 1mo, 3mo and 6mo with statistical difference (P<0.05).The intraoperative and postoperative complications of the implantation of Ex-press mainly included early shallow anterior chamber, drainage tube obstruction, filtering bleb scarring. There were 8 eyes with filtering bleb scarring with normal IOP.?CONCLUSION: The intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF antibody combined with implantation of Ex -press is effective for NG, which can significantly reduce the IOP.

Lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) is a member of integrin family, that plays an important role in the adhesion of lymphocytes with other cells and matrix. To investigate the role of LFA-1 in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), the incidence of CIA, histological and radiological assessments in the LFA-1 deficient (LFA-1~ -/- ) mice and control mice were examined. LFA-1~ -/- mice and control mice were immunized with 100?g collagen type II(CII) emulsified with an equal volume of Freund’s complete adjuvant (CFA), followed by the booster injection of the same amount of CII in CFA on day 21. Then, clinical, histological and radiological assessments were done. It showed that 57% control mice developed arthritis and apparently changed in the histological and radiological assessment, whereas the all of LFA-1~ -/- mice had the normal histological and radiographic response and none developed arthritis. These results suggeste that LFA-1 is indispensable for the onset of CIA.

Aim To investigate the effect and mecha-nism of valproic acid on neuroglobin expression, and the neuroprotective role of valproic acid against H2 O2-induced neurotoxicity. Methods Western blot, RT-PCR and luciferase assay were used to detect the pro-tein levels, mRNA levels and promoter activity of mouse and human neuroglobin induced by valproic acid. Luciferase assay was used to investigate the role of transcription factor CREB in the up-regulation of neuroglobin by valproic acid. MTT assay was used to evaluate the effect of valproic acid against H2 O2-in-duced neurotoxicity. Results VPA treatment marked-ly increased the protein levels, mRNA levels and pro-moter activity of Ngb in mouse N2 a cells and human SKNSH cells. CREB specific inhibitor KG501 or CREB dominant negative mutant KCREB attenuated VPA-induced Ngb promoter activity. VPA could pro-tect N2a cells from H2 O2-induced neurotoxicity. Con-clusion CREB mediates VPA-induced Ngb up-regula-tion, which may contribute to the neuroprotective effects of VPA in oxidative stress in neurons.

Objective　To investigate the mechanism affecting on permeability of vascular endothelial cell by nitric oxide (NO). Methods　Series concentration of sin-1（a donor of NO） were added to ECV 304, a cell line of human umbilical vein endothelium. Cell growth and expression of f-actin, a cytoskeleton protein were observed. Results　Cell growth was inhibited with a dose from 6.25 to 100 μmol/L and was caused to death at the concentration of 50 to 100 μmol/L by sin-1. The expression of f-actin was suppressed obviously after cultured with 100 μmol/L sin-1 for 4 hours. Conclusion　It suggests that anomaly increased NO can increase permeability of blood vessels by suppressing the expression of f-actin, inhibiting cell growth or even resulting in cell death.

OBJECTIVETo observe the expression of insulin in the brain tissue of rat after scald.

METHODSFifteen Wistar rats subjected to 30% TBSA scald were enrolled in the study. Zamboni fixating solution was infused into left ventricle and the brain tissue was harvested at 4, 12 and 24 post-scald hours (PSH) for the detection of insulin expression with fluorescent immunohistochemistry, with 5 rats at each time-point. Another group of 10 rats were enrolled as controls.

RESULTSThere exhibited no obvious insulin expression in the brain tissue of rats in the control group. Insulin immune responsive positive cells were detected in the olfactory bulb and cerebral cortex of rats at 4 PBH. These cells were big with oval and fusiform shape, big, round, transparent nuclei, and prominent processes. The positive insulin substance was mainly distributed in cytoplasm, and some in the processes of cells. No insulin immune-responsive cells were observed in rat brain tissue at 12 and 24 PSH.

CONCLUSIONThe brain have the potentiality of self-biosynthesis of insulin, but very little of synthesized insulin exists in normal states, but the amount increases after scald.

Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Burns ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Insulin ; biosynthesis ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To explore the role of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) during renal senescence by using human TIMP-1 transgenic mice.Methods Renal histological changes of wild type mice and transgenic mice at the age of 3,12,24 months were observed by periodic acid-schiff(PAS)staining of paraffin sections.The numbers of F4/80 positive cells were detected by immunofluoreseence.The protein expressions of TIMP-1,TIMP-2,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9,MMP-2,intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),transforming growth factor?1(TGF-?1),collagenⅢand collagenⅣwere detected by Western blot.The activities of gelatinases and TIMP-1 were examined by gelatin zymography and reverse zymography respectively.Results Focal renal fibrosis was found in two genotypes with aging.At the age of 24 months,compared with wild type,in kidneys of transgenic type,the expressions and activities of gelatinases were dowregulated (MMP-2:2.08?0.20 vs.3.39?0.43;MMP-9:4.02?0.82 vs.6.72?1.40,all P＜0.05);the expressions of collagenⅢ,collagenⅣ,ICAM-1,and TGF-?1 were upragulated(0.72+0.11 vs.0.57?0.09;0.84?0.13 vs.0.6?0.11,0.72?0.12 vs.0.53?0.07; 0.69?0.12 vs.0.45?0.09,all P＜0.05),and the numbers of F4/80 positive cells were increased (18.8?4.4 vs.12.7?3.6,P＜0.05)with the upregulated expression and activity of TIMP-1(1.10?0.18 vs.0.62?0.09;50.75?7.25 vs.20.64?3.50,P＜0.05).Conclusions TIMP-1 could promote age-related renal fibrosis through enhancing inflammation reaction by ICAM-1 upregulation.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and mechanisms of LW-AFC,a new formula derived from Liu Wei Di Huang Tang,on irradiation-induced reduction of mice adult hippocampal neurogenesis. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into seven groups (n=10): control group, LW-AFC group (1.6 g·kg-1), Liu Wei Di Huang Tang (LW) group (10 g·kg-1), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) group, irradiation group, irradiation+LW group, and irradiation+LW-AFC group. Reduction of mice adult hippocampal neurogenesis was induced by cranial irradiation.LW-AFC was administered by oral gavage for 30 d after cranial irradiation treatment. Immunofluorescence and Nissl′s staining were performed for histological morphology assessment. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining was used in the detection of proliferation cells. The peripheral blood and hippocampal homogenate were collected to measure the content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (INF-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β),IL-4 and IL-10.The hippocampal homogenate was used for Western blot to detect the BDNF-TrkB signal pathway, including extracellular regulated protein kinases1/2 (ERK1/2) and BDNF target protein. Morris water maze and new object recognition test were performed to examine the cognitive function of mice.The mice forced swimming and tail suspension test were used to assess alteration in depressive behavior. Long term potentiation was used to examine the synaptic plasticity change of mice. RESULTS Adult hippocampal neurogenesis was significantly reduced after irradiation of 20 Gray dose (10 Gray per day, total 2 d). LW-AFC treatment increased the BrdU number of irradiated mice (P<0.05). In Morris water maze test, LW-AFC group showed decreased escape latency in the learning period (P<0.05), while increased the number of crossing the platform in the memory period. LW-AFC can also reduce the immobility time of mice in the tail suspension test (P<0.01). CONCLU-SION LW-AFC modulates adult neurogenesis to ameliorate cognitive impairment and reduce depres-sive behavior in radiation injury mice.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical feature, imaging and their diagnostic value for Joubert syndrome (JS).

METHODThe clinical data, imaging feature, and 31 references from China Biomedical literature database (CBMdise) were reviewed and analyzed.

RESULTThe age of onset of 32 patients including male 20 and female 12 ranged from 3 days to 6 years (mean 2.2 years). All the 32 patients with Joubert syndrome showed "slow growth" and "reduced muscle tension", 26 cases (81.3%) showed "gasp for breath", 26 cases (81.3%) showed "unusual motion of eyeball", 2 cases (6.3%) showed additional fingers (toes), 6 cases (18.8%) showed stretching tongue with agape. The typical imaging features of Joubert syndrome included "molar tooth sign", "midline cleavage" between cerebellar hemispheres and "bat-wing" like fourth ventricle, all the 32 patients with Joubert syndrome showed "midline cleavage", "molar tooth sign" was present in 29 cases (90.1%), and "bat-wing" like fourth ventricle in 30 cases (93.8%).

CONCLUSIONJoubert syndrome is a rare congenital brain malformation. The typical clinical manifestations included "gasp for breath", "reduced tension of muscle", "slow growth" and "unusual motion of eyeball", and at the same time the patients had the following typical imaging features of brain: "molar tooth sign", "midline cleavage" and "bat-wing" like fourth ventricle.

Abnormalities, Multiple ; Cerebellar Diseases ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Cerebellum ; abnormalities ; Child ; Eye Abnormalities ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Male ; Retina ; abnormalities ; physiopathology

Orthotopic liver transplantation has proven to be effective in the treatment of a variety of life-threatening liver diseases, however, the limitations of donated organs available and long-term immunosuppression provided an impetus for developing alternative therapies. Cell replacement strategies have been one major effective approach for overcoming the obstacles of organ transplantation in recent years. The exogenous cells should be able to proliferate and differentiate into mature hepatic cells after grafting. Use of mature hepatocytes is also hampered by limited tissue source and inability to proliferate and maintain the function for a long term in vitro. Embryonic stem cells are immortal and pluripotent and may provide a novel cell source for potential cell therapy. This review summarizes the mechanisms of controlling early liver development and hepatic differentiation of visceral endoderm in embryoid bodies, and provides an overview of diverse differentiation systems in vitro and in vivo that were applied to hepatic research in recent years. Several studies have demonstrated that ES cell-derived hepatocytes can incorporate into liver tissue and function in vivo , but a few of them have shown complete restoration of liver function after transplantation into mice with liver diseases. Further studies should be made to exploit efficient methods and clinical applications of hepatocytes derived from ES cells in the future. In addition to clinical transplantation for treatment of liver diseases, ES cells can provide a valuable tool for drug discovery applications and study on of molecular basis of hepatic differentiation.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; transplantation ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; therapy