Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Cytodiagnosis ; methods ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Specimen Handling ; methods ; Sputum

In order to further improve the curative effect of the herb-participated moxibustion on umbilicus, we collected a wide range of literature on herb-participated moxibustion on umbilicus and then systematically arranged them to analyze and summarize the technology and operating methods of herb-participated moxibustion on umbilicus. We also briefly discussed issues on application of medicine, locust tree skin and ginger, the method of kneading dough for medical uses, and the appropriate size of moxa cone and its using frequency in order to form clear concepts and standardized operations to provide theories and operational basis for the clinical application of modern herb-participated moxibustion on umbilicus.
China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Moxibustion ; history ; instrumentation ; methods ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Umbilicus ; physiopathology

To further explore the clinical effect of massage therapy on navel,the related ancient literatures were arranged and analyzed,and several methods in ancient clinical were introduced, including stroking navel, rubbing navel, pushing navel, tapping navel and puffing navel. In addition, the theoretical basis of massage therapy on navel were discussed. The results revealed ancient literatures offered abundant theoretical basis to modern clinical practice, and there were evidences of treating gastroenteric and gynecological diseases with this therapy. Comprehensively, through the study of ancient literatures and modern research, therapy of massage on navel is believed to be promising and will gain popularity in the future.
China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Massage ; history ; Medicine in Literature ; Umbilicus ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo explore the efficacy and the reproductive endocrinal mechanism of herbal-partitioned moxibustion in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

METHODSOne hundred and seventy-one cases of primary dysmenorrhea were randomized into an herbal-partitioned moxibustion group (group A), an starch-partitioned moxibustion group (group B) and an acupuncture group (group C), 57 cases in each one. In the group A, moxibustion isolated with herbal medicine was applied to Shenque (CV 8). In the group B, moxibustion isolated with starch was used at Shenque (CV 8). In the group C, acupuncture was given at Sanyinjiao (SP 6). The changes of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and prostaglandin levels (PGF2alpha) were observed before and after treatment, and the therapeutic effects were compared among the 3 groups.

RESULTSThe therapeutic effect in the group A was better than those in the other two groups [compared the cured rate: 89.8% (44/49) vs 60.0% (30/50), 60.4% (32/53), both P < 0.05]. In the group A, E2 level [(110.99 +/- 12.90) pg/mL vs (83.94 +/- 8.91) pg/mL, P < 0.05] and PGF2alpha level [(24.58 +/- 3.01) pg/mL vs (14.34 +/- 1.48) pg/mL, P < 0.01] were decreased and P level was increased [(4.65 +/- 0.68) ng/mL vs (6.68 +/- 0.95) pg/mL, P < 0.05]. In the group B and C, PGF2alpha level were reduced. Concerning to the regulating of E2 and PGF2alpha levels, the results in the group A were better than those in the group B and C [(-30.16 +/- 10.20) pg/mL vs (10.79 +/- 15.01) pg/mL, (22.81 +/- 12.22) pg/mL; (-13.10 +/- 2.40) pg/mL vs (-6.52 +/- 1.88) pg/mL, (-3.14 +/- 1.19) pg/mL, (see text) P < 0.05]. Concerning to the regulation of P level, the results in the group A and B were better than that in the group C (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe herbal-partitioned moxibustion achieves the significant efficacy on primary dysmenorrhea, which could be related to regulating the reproductive endocrinal level. It decreases E2 and PGF2alpha levels and increases P level.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Dinoprost ; metabolism ; Dysmenorrhea ; metabolism ; therapy ; Estradiol ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; Progesterone ; metabolism ; Young Adult

This study was to investigate the effect of peoniflorin on the expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream signal molecules in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats for exploring the mechanism of peoniflorin protecting hippocampal neurons. AD model rats were established by bilateral intrahippocampal injection of beta-amyloid(1-42) (Abeta(1-42)) and divided randomly into 3 groups: AD model group, peoniflorin low-dose (15 mg x kg(-1)) group and peoniflorin high-dose (30 mg x kg(-1)) group. The vehicle control rats were given bilateral intrahippocampal injection of solvent with the same volume. After peoniflorin or saline was administered (ip) once daily for 14 days, the hippocampuses of all animals were taken out for measuring the expressions of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthethase (gamma-GCS) mRNA by reverse transcription PCR, determining the contents of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein (CP) using colorimetric method, and for assaying the expressions of neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) and Caspase-3 by immunohistochemical staining method. The results showed that peoniflorin markedly increased the expressions of Nrf2, HO-1 and gamma-GCS mRNA, enhanced the level of GSH and decreased the contents of MDA and CP in the hippocampus, as compared with the model group. Peoniflorin also improved the NAIP expression and reduced the Caspase-3 expression in the hippocampus neurons. In conclusion, peoniflorin protects against the Abeta(1-42)-mediated oxidative stress and hippocampal neuron injury in AD rats by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway.
Alzheimer Disease ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Monoterpenes ; pharmacology ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neuronal Apoptosis-Inhibitory Protein ; metabolism ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Peptide Fragments ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To compare the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome(MS)using the criteria of Chi- nese Diabetes Society(CDS)or International Diabetes Federation(IDF)in hypertension patients in China.Methods The prevalence of MS in hypertension patients(n=17861)in China and its relations with age,gender and levels of blood pressure were studied.Results 1)the prevalence of MS in hypertension patients was 42.2 % or 46.3 %,ac- cording to the definition of CDS or of IDF.The diagnostic rate of the definition of IDF was higher(P80 years group,the diagnostic rate by IDF definition was slightly but significantly higher in all ages groups(P0.05),on contrary,the female prevalence was increased while the male prevalence decreased by IDF. The prevalence of MS increased with levels of blood pressure by both definition.4)The prevalence rate was in- creased with the elevation of BP,compare with CDS criteria the diagnostic rate of MS was slightly higher by IDF cri- teria in all levels of BP.Conclusion Compared with the definition of CDS,the diagnostic rate of MS by the defini- tion of IDF was higher in hypertension patients,addressing more aggressively control global risk factors.

Objective To understand the current status of the prevention and control of endemic fluorosis in the southwestern area of Shandong province. Methods In 2007, the progress of water-improving defluoridation, the operating state and water fluoride content of the water-improving project, which was determined by fluorosis selective ion electrode, and the inhabitant related indexes of endemic fluorosis were extensively surveyed in the three main fluorosis counties-Jiaxiang, Yuncbeng and Liangshan of the southwestern area of Shandong province. Results Among 1371 fluorosis villages in the 3 counties, 53.61%(735/1371) of which had undergone water-improving defluoridation, the rate in Jiaxiang, Yuncheng and Liangshan being 38.0% (220/579),65.51% (378/577) and 63.72% ( 137/215 ) respectively; the normally functioning rate of this project was 76.73% (564/735), projects out of order accounted for 23.27% (171/735). Among 263 well-functioning projects from the three counties, the rate with water fluoride higher than 1.0 mg/L was 35.36%(93/263), the maximum value being 4.17 mg/L. The urine fluoride content of 440 children aged 8 - 12 years and 484 adults over 30 years old were examined in 13 fluorosis villages of the three counties, the geometric mean was 2.98,3.06 mg/L respectively; the individual maximum was 12.83,14.49 mg/L respectively; the detectable rate of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 - 12 was 84.28% (649/770) ,17.66%(136/770) had defect and the index of dental fluorosis was 1.89; the rates of the clinical and X-ray skeletal fluorosis of the adults aged more than 30 were 44.40%(234/527) and 24.67%(130/527) respectively, and the abnormal electrocardiography rate was 32.43% (168/518) in the adult, mostly T-wave abnormality. Conclusions The progress of the water-improving defluoridation in the southwestern area of Shandong province was relatively slow, the water fluoride content of the water-improving projects seriously exceeded standard, and the condition of the fluorosis had not been effectively controlled.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of paeonol on amyloid beta1-42 (Abeta1-42)-induced neurotoxicity and its mechanism.

METHODHippocampal neurons of well-grown newborn SD rats and differentiated SH-SY5Y cell lines were cultured with various concentrations of paeonol (1, 5, 10 micromol x L(-1), respectively) for 6 hours and then incubated with Abeta1-42 oligomer (30 micromol x L(-1)) for 24 hours and 48 hours, respectively. The neuron apoptosis was observed by Heochst33258. Annexin V/PI double stain flow cytometry assay was adopted for determining SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis rate. And the expression of BDNF and Bcl-2 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTCompared with the model group, various concentrations of paeonol (1, 5, 10 micromol x L(-1)) significantly reduced the hippocampal neurons karyopycnosis, decreased the rate of SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis to 22.4%, 18.1% and 16.4%, respectively, and improved the expressions of BDNF and Bcl-2 mRNA.

CONCLUSIONPaeonol relieves Abeta1-42 oligomer-induced neuron injury by increasing BDNF and Bcl-2 expressions.

Acetophenones ; pharmacology ; Alzheimer Disease ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; toxicity ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Peptide Fragments ; toxicity ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate suitable treatment method for contracture of inframammary scars.

METHODSNine female patients with contracture of inframammary sear hospitalized in our hospital from July 2000 to July 2007 were subjected to skin expansion around the breast. The sites of incisions were mainly located on the inframammary scars. The expanders were placed around the breast and middle chest near the sternum. On the lateral side of chest, the expander should be inserted at the site parallel to upper level of the breast. The expanders should be placed under deep fascia and superficial to the gland. At II stage of operation, the scars were excised and the subcutaneous tissues should be thoroughly loosened to assure that the soft tissue and mammary gland would be restored to its anatomical position. Expanded skin was then designed as advancement or transposition flaps to repair the defects, or effects were closed with suturing.

RESULTSBlood circulation disturbance occurred at the tip of a flap in one patient, with the size of 4.0 cm x 3.0 cm, and the resulting wound healed after skin grafting. Flaps in the other 8 patients survived, and the wounds healed satisfactorily. Nipples and mammary areola were successfully restored to the anatomical positions. Three patients were followed up for 6 months to 2 years, and the result was satisfactory.

CONCLUSIONSExpanded flap is feasible for repairing contracture of inframammary scar and with good result.

Adolescent ; Breast ; Child ; Cicatrix ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Tissue Expansion ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare data from an epidemiological survey on injuries with a survey conducted in hospitals on injuries in the same areas and to find out the differences and shortcomings of hospital data in describing the feature of injuries in an area.

METHODSComparing the causes and age distributions of injuries from the two surveys.

RESULTSThe first 4 leading causes of injuries from the population-based survey were mechanical injuries, falls, burns/scalds and traffic accidents while the first 4 leading causes of hospital-based survey were traffic accidents, assault, mechanical injuries and burns/scalds. The differences of the age distributions of these leading causes between the two surveys were significant except mechanical injuries.

CONCLUSIONDifferences were noticed between population-based survey and hospital-based survey. It should be cautions when using hospital data to describe the features of injuries in a certain area.

Accidental Falls ; statistics & numerical data ; Accidents, Traffic ; statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Burns ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rural Health ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology