Objective To conduct a hiomechanical comparison of the four common internal fixation methods for the anterior eruciate ligament(ACL)avulsion fractures of displaced tibial eminence.Methods Sixteen fresh cadaver knee joints were used and randomized into four equal groups of four fixation methods:antegrade wiring group, retrograde wiring group,suturation group,and intramedullary screw group.The knee joint specimens were fixed at flexion of 30?and subject to continuous stretch stresses of 30 N,60 N and 90 N respectively on a material testing machine(MTS 858 Bionix test system,USA)which conducted a simulated Lachman test.The specimens were scanned at different angles by a three dimensional laser scanner.Data were recorded and processed by image software to es- tablish three-dimensional structure models of femur,tibia and knee joint.The test results were analyzed statistically on a computer.Results There were no obvious differences between each fixation group in the length change of ACL when the stresses were 30 N and 60 N(P＞0.05).Under 90 N stress,however,the mean length change between the femoral and tibial attachments of ACL was the smallest(4.8?1.7)mm(2.5 to 6.2 mm)in the suturation group(P＜0.05). There were no distinct differences between the intramedullary screw group and the retrograde wiring group in the changes of A CL shift(P=0.214).The average front shift in the retrograde wiring group was(6.2?1.2)mm(4.8 to 8.2 mm) and significantly smaller than that in the antegrade wiring group(P＜0.05).The antegrade wiring group made the largest average front shift under different stresses and its average front shift was(7.2?1.3)mm(5.6 to 8.7 mm). Conclusions The knee joint stability provided by the suturation fixation is distinctly better than that by the other three fixation methods.The antegrade wire fixation provides the poorest knee joint stability.There is hardly any difference between intramedullary screw fixation and retrograde wiring fixation.

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Silicosis

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Dust ; Humans ; Iron ; Male ; Metallurgy ; Occupational Exposure ; Pneumoconiosis ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Radiography ; Risk Factors ; Steel ; Welding

Objective The prosthesis used for aortic valve replacement (AVR) can be too small in relation to body size,thus causing valve prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM).The aim of this article was to summarize the preventive strategy of PPM during AVR.Methods A total of 357 patients [203 males,154 females; mean age (54.9 ± 18.7 ) years ] underwent AVR between February.2010 and December 2011.The weight and body surface area (BSA) of the group is( 60.1 ± 11.4 )kg and (1.67 ± 0.21 )m2 respectively.The aortic valve prosthesis effective orifice area (EOA) was divided by body surface area (BSA) to obtain the EOA index (EOAI).PPM was then defined as none or mild if EOAI was ＞ 0.85 cm2/m2,as moderate for (0.65 - 0.85 ) cm2/m2 and as severe for ＜ 0.65 cm2/m2.To avoid PPM,a simple three-step algorithm was applied:Step 1,Calculate the patient's BSA from weight and height;Step 2,Calculate the minimal valve EOA required based on the BSA to ensure an EOAI ＞0.85 cm2/m2 ; Step 3,Select the type and size of prosthesis that has reference values for EOA greater or equal to the minimal EOA value obtained in step 2.For patients with a small aortic root,the following three methods was used:( 1 ) Replace aortic valve with simple interrupted suture technique ; (2) Apply new type and high-performance prosthetic valves such as St.Jude Medical Regent mechanical valve ; (3) Enlarge the narrowed aortic root when necessary.Results Of all 357 patients,272 patients received mechanical AVR and 85 bioprosthetic AVR.Among the 49 patients who received AVR with simple interrupted suture technique.St.Jude Medical Regent mechanical valve was implanted in 38 patients and the aortic root enlargement was performed in 11 patients.The total prevalence of PPM was 6.4％ and there was no severe PPM.The prevalence of PPM with mechanical AVR and bioprosthetic AVR was 1.8％ and 21.2％ respectively.There were 4 deaths during early period of operation,and the operative mortality was 1.1％.Conclusion Prosthesis-patient mismatch can be effectively prevented at the time of AVR with appropriate measurement.

Objective To evaluate the effect of cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs) as an adoptive immunotherapy option for treatment of leukemia relapse after allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).Methods Two cases of infusion of donor CIKs in patients with leukemia relapse after allo-HSCT were retrospectively analyzed.Patient one relapsed 986 days (+986d) after HLA-matched unrelated donor allo-HSCT.Applications of chemotherapy only resulted in short term remission,but allo-CIKs were successfully expanded from the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells of donor origin.Totally five cycles of CIKs infusion were infused as an alternative of adoptive immunotherapy.Patient two had recurrent in the + 158d after HLA-matched sibling alloHSCT.At + 204d and + 294d,two cycles of CIKs which were expanded from donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells were infused.Results One cycle of CIKs was given to patient one after the application of chemotherapy to reduce the tumor burden,and the patient successively achieved complete remission.Again after additional four cycles of CIKs infusion,consistent remission was maintained during the following seven months.Patient two who had relapsed disease posttransplantation,achieved cytological complete remission after withdrawal of immunosuppressants and undergoing chemotherapy combined with G-CSF mobilized stem cell infusion.However,at + 187d,the patient suffered from side-effect of acute graft versus host disease and extramedullary infiltration.The symptoms were alleviated markedly after one cycle of CIKs infusion at + 204d.Moreover,the pain disappeared after an additional infusion at + 294d.And up to the present,the bone marrow aspiration showed complete remission while the extramedullary disease vanished.Conclusion The use of CIKs in the treatment of leukemia relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation can be feasible and well tolerated.

BACKGROUND: Neurological complications after coronary artery bypass grafting still have a high incidence rate, and the etiology is multiple.OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively investigate the occurrence and relevant factors of severe neurological complications after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).METHODS: A total of 761 consecutive patients with undergoing CABG were included in this study from September 2002 to August 2009 at the Nanjing Drumtower Hospital, including 443 males and 318 females, aged from 32-89 years. All patients were grouped according to age(more than or less than 70-year-old) and on pump or off pump coronary surgery. Disclose the relationship between the risk factors and the neurological complications by statistics analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 41 patients had serious neurological complications in this study. There was a higher complication incidence in 570-year-old group patients (n=22) than < 70-year-old group (n=19)(14.9% vs. 3.1%, P< 0.001). The neurological complications incidence was similar in on-Pump CABG group (n =7) and off-Pump CABG group (n = 34) (5.3% vs.5.4%, P=0.39). The incidence rate of severe neurological complications was high in carotid artery stenosis > 50% patients. A total of 8 cases died, 2 for massive hemorrhage of gastrointestinal tract; 1 for severe sepsis; 4 for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome;1 for epilepsia gravior postoperatively. Finally, 33 cases survived. The average time of follow up was 3 years, 3 cases died, 3 cases recovery from limitation of limb or hand movement partly, and 1 case had severe mental retardation. Results displayed that elderly patients(= 70 years) undergoing CABG are at higher risk of neurological dysfunction. Carotid artery stenosis is the most risk factor. There are no significant effects on postoperative complications between on-pump CABG and off-pump CABG.

Objective To evaluate endovascular therapy and open surgery for subclavian artery occlusion disease. Methods In this study, 69 patients received endovascular therapy (44 patients)or open surgery(25 patients)from January 2002 to July 2007.Balloon dilatation was carried out in 3 cases and 43 stents was placed in 41 cases. Results All procedures were successful. In endovascular therapy group, the ratio of healthy/dieased side of mean blood pressure was improved from 0.66±0.14 to 0.96±0.13(t=9.532,P＜0.001＝;in surgery group, the ratio improved from 0.63±0.16 to 0.95±0.18(t=8.236,P＜0.001＝.Sixty-one discharged patients were followed up for 2～49 months(mean 16.7 months),in endovascular group, restenosis occurred in 1 patient 1 year after the therapy, in surgery group, all prothesis remained patent and there was no complication related to prothesis. Conclusions Both endovascular therapy and surgery were the effective methods for subclavian artery occlusion, and endovascular therapy is preferred for less invasiveness.

Objective To explore the feasibility of extending liver blood perfusion cessation by ultrasound combining microbubbles.Methods The livers of 9 healthy rabbits were treated with a pulsed therapeutic ultrasound device,in presence of microbubbles.For quantification of liver perfusion,contrastenhanced ultrasonography was performed on 6 rabbits before treatment and at different time points of 0 min,30 min,60 min and 48 hours after treatment.Pathological examination of the treated livers was performed immediately after treatment on the other 3 rabbits.Results The liver blood perfusion almost vanished immediately after treatment,remained at a low perfusion level from 30 to 60 min,and completely recovered 48 hours later.The peak intensity dropped from ( - 51.88 ± 4.26)dB to ( - 62.53 ± 4.83)dB after treatment and rose up to ( - 52.00 ± 4.60) dB 48 hours later.The peak intensities before treatment and 48 hours after treatment were significantly higher than those of 0 min,30 min and 60 min time points after treatment( P ＜0.05).Pathological examination showed significant swelling of hepatocytes and hemorrhage around portal veins.Conclusions Microbubbles enhanced ultrasound can induce liver blood perfusion cessation for up to 1 hours.The mechanism could be swelling of hepatocytes and hemorrhage of portal track.

Objective To detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a,interleukin (IL)-1β,IL-2,1L-6,IL-8,1L-10,IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-α in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of the patients with epidemic encephalitis B,and to investigate the roles in pathogenesis of epidemic encephalitis B.Methods Approximately of 2 mL serum and 2 mL cerebrospinal fluid from 24 patients with epidemic encephalitis B during acute phase were collected,and 2 mL serum from 20 healthy controls were collected.The levels of eytokines in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Means of multi-sample were compared by analysis of variance and means of two-sample were compared by t test.Results The levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10 and IFN-α in eerebrospinal fluid were (24.5±6.6),(7.8±2.4),(16.0±5.7),(17.6±4.8),(130.2±33.6) and (45.2±10.8) ng/L,respectively,and in serum were (25.3±11.2),(7.1±3.2),(14.5±6.2),(16.0±6.5),(82.0±27.8) and (42.5±16.2) ng/L,respectively.The levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10 and IFN-α in serum and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with epidemic encephalitis B were all higher than those in serum of healthy controls [(12.7±7.9),(2.6±1.0),(6.2±2.2),(9.6±3.3),(71.4±12.8) and (30.0±14.0) ng/L;F value was 14.10,29.46,23.38,14.78,32.59,7.52;all P＜0.01];while the levels of IL-2 and IL-12 were not increased significantly.The levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12 and IFN-α in cerebrospinal fluid were higher than those in serum,while the levels of TNF-± and IL-2 in cerebrospinal fluid were lower than those in serum.The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with severe type of epidemic encephalitis B were (18.8±5.4) ng/L and (20.7±2.7) ng/L,and were higher than those with common type [(12.1±3.0) and (13.3±3.3) ng/L;t=3.50,t=5.96;P＜0.05],while the levels of IL-2 in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with severe type were lower than those with common type. Conclusions Oversecretions of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10 and IFN-a are involved in the inflammatory damage of epidemic encephalitis B,while under-secretions of IL 2 and ILl2 may be involved in cellular immune responses.

Adult ; Aortic Valve ; microbiology ; pathology ; Autopsy ; Brain ; microbiology ; pathology ; Endocarditis, Bacterial ; complications ; microbiology ; pathology ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; microbiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; pathology ; Sepsis ; complications ; microbiology ; pathology ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; complications ; microbiology ; pathology ; Young Adult