It has long been acknowledged that there is a link between inflammation and cancer, but its molecular mechanism remains unclear. A key player in inflammation is nuclear transcription factor NF-?B, that activity is triggered in response to infectious agents and proinflammatory cytokines via the I?B kinase. In parenchyma cells, inflammation through I?B kinase/NF-?B pathway suppresses apoptosis, accelerates cell cycle, then promote tumorigenesis. In mesenchyma cells inflammation through I?B kinase/NF-?B pathway produces cytokines and chemokines that may serve as tumor growth factors. To sum up, I?B kinase/NF -?B pathway represents a critical molecular link between inflammation and cancer.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between blood level of Galectin-3 and the severity of coronary lesions in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: A total of 158 consecutive subjects received coronary artery angiography (CAG) in Yantai Yu huangding hospital were studied and they were divided into 2 groups: Control group,n=38 individuals with normal coronary artery, CAD group,n=120 patients with at least 1 coronary branch stenosis ≥ 50%. CAD group was further divided into 2 sets of subgroups:①By the number of branches involved, as Single vessel disease, n=42, Double vessels disease including LM,n=40 and Triple vessel disease,n=38.②By the quartile of Gensini score as 1st quartile group, the patients with Gensini score ≤ 18.5, 2nd quartile group,18.5 < Gensini score ≤ 45.0, 3rd quartile group, 45.0 < Gensini score ≤ 71.5 and 4th quartile group, Gensini score>71.5,n=30 in each subgroup. Blood levels of Galectin-3 were examined, and the severity of coronary lesions was evaluated by both branch numbers and Gensini score analysis. Results: Compared with Control group, the blood level of Galectin-3 was higher in CAD group,10.66 (5.81, 16.17) ng/ml vs 18.3(1.14, 2.52) ng/mlP<0.01; with the more branches of coronary lesions involved, the blood levels of Galectin-3 increased accordingly, all P <0.01. With the elevation of Gensini score, the levels of Galectin-3increased accordingly, except for the difference between the 3rd quartile group and 4th quartile group, all P <0.01.With adjusted other factors, blood levels of Galectin-3 were positively related to the number of coronary branchlesions (r =0.52, P <0.01) and Gensini score levels (r =0.17, P =0.04).Conclusion: Blood level of Galectin-3 is positively related to the severity of coronary lesions whichimplies that Galectin-3 may have potential detrimental effect on the occurrence and development of coronaryatherosclerosis.

Objective To develop an assessment indicator system of function for standardized patients in the objective structured clinical examination for nursing specialty,which provides the basis for the standardized training and assessment of standardized patients.Methods The Delphi method was used to determine this indicator system.Results After two rounds of the Delphi procedure,the assessment indicator system was drawn-up,which included 3 first-class indicators and 12 second-class indicators and 35 third-class indicators with weights.Conclusions The achievements of this study may provide reference for nursing educators to screen standardized patients strictly and improve the quality of standardized patients continuously,and also provide the basis for development of scale or instrument in the further.

Objective To investigate the relationsheep between colonic H2 S‐producing enzyme cystathionine‐γ‐lyase(CSE) and colonic motility in a rat model of diabetes mellitus(DM) .Methods To obtained diabetic rat models ,all rats were injected intra‐peritoneally (ip) 1% streptozotocin (STZ ,65 mg/kg) ,type 1 diabetes model was established ,nornmol conditions were observed pe‐riodically .Ten days after treatment ,production of colonic longitudinal smooth muscle strips ,organ bath recordings were used to test the colonic motility ;immunofluorescence and double immunofluorescence lableling method were performed to detect the distribution of CSE;Western blot were performed on rat colonic samples devoid of mucosa and submucosa to detect the expression of CSE .Re‐sults DM rats decreased the colonic motility(P<0 .05);CSE was strongly expressed in the cytosols of the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle cells and the nucleus of the myenteric plexus neurons ;CSE distributed in myenteric neurons in the nucleus of rat ,but the proportion of MP had no difference (P>0 .05);DM rats increased the expression of CSE in the colon devoid of mucosa and sub‐mucosa(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The decrease of colonic motility in diabetic rat may be associated with the increased production of H2 S‐producing enzyme CSE .

Objective To investigate the penetrative ability of amlodipine gels and to evaluate their effect on the survival of rat dorsal ischemic random skin flaps.Methods 0.5 ％,1.0 ％,1.5 ％,2.0 ％,and 2.5 ％ amlodipine gels were made.The accumulative penetrative quantities of amlodipine through rat skin were assayed with a modified Franz's diffusion cell in vitro.Pure gel without amlodipine,0.5 ％ and 1.5 ％ amlodipine gel were respectively applied on rat random ischemic skin flap once a day for 7 days.The viable area was measured on the seventh postoperative day and the quantities of amlodipine within skin flap were also detected at 2 and 6 hours after application of amlodipine gel.Results The accumulative penetrative quantities of amlodipine increased in time-and concentration-dependent manner (P＜0.05).Accumulative quantities of 0.5 ％ and 1.0 ％ amlodipine gel were lower than those of 1.5 ％,2.0 ％,and 2.5％ gel,respectively (P＜0.05).The quantities of amlodipine within flap tissue in 1.5 ％ amlodipine gel was higher than that of 0.5 ％ amlodipine gel (P＜0.05).The survival area of flap in 0.5 ％ amlodipine gel group (391.4±65.4) mm2 was higher than those of the pure percutaneous gel group (192.9±56.8) mm2 and the control group (191.0±50.2) mm2(P＜0.05),but no significant difference was seen between 1.5 ％ amlodipine gel group (265.7+88.3) mm2 and control group (P＞0.05).Conclusions Amlodipine could penetrate into skin tissues.0.5 ％ amlodipine gel could significantly increase survival area of ischemic random skin flap.

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in the cerebral cortex of rat with chronic fluorosis,and to reveal the mechanisms of damaged nervous system resulted from the toxicity of fluoride.Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into three groups.The rats in each group were given drinking water containing different levels of fluoride:control group less than 0.5 mg/L,small amount of fluoride exposure group 10.0 mg/L and large amount of fluoride exposure group 50.0 mg/L.The animals were examined at the sixth month after initiating the experiment.Protein levels of P-gp and NF-κB in brain tissues were detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting,and the P-gp protein and mRNA level by quantitative real time PCR method.Results As compared to the control group(28.21 ±6.13),the numbers of positive staining cells by P-gp antibody in the cortex of rat brains were significantly increased in both the small and the large amount of fluoride exposure groups[(48.46 ± 8.00),(53.72 ± 9.15),respectively,all P ＜ 0.05] ; the protein levels in the control group(100.00 ± 3.86)％ detected by Western blotting were significantly increased in the cortex of rat brains treated with fluoride in both the small and the large amount of fluoride exposure groups[(189.47 ± 3.14)％,(191.36 ± 11.09)％,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05].The significantly increased expression of NF-κB at the protein level was observed in the cortex of rat brains of the small and the large amount of fluoride exposure groups[(365.97 ± 6.04)％ and (417.15 ± 10.89)％,respectively] as compared with the control group[(100.00 ± 10.07)％,all P ＜ 0.05].The mRMA level of P-gp in the cortex of rat brains of the small and the large amount of fluoride exposure groups(2396 ± 427,3479 ± 371,respectively) were higher than that of the control group(260 ± 106,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The increased expressions of P-gp and NF-κB in the cortex of rat brains are induced by chronic fluorosis,which might be connected with the mechanism of brain damages.

OBJECTIVETo compare postoperative blood loss under different negative pressures of drainage after total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of femoral neck fractures.

METHODSFrom January 1st to December 30th 2013, 74 patients with femoral neck fractures treated with total hip arthroplasty were randomly divided into two groups: high negative pressure drainage group and low negative pressure drainage group. In high negative pressure drainage group, there were 34 cases including 10 males and 24 females, with a mean age of (75.94 ± 9.02) years old, and the patients were treated with 60 kPa negative pressure of drainage. In the low negative pressure drainage group, there were 40 cases including 13 males and 27 females, with an average age of (74.93 ± 8.90) years old, and the patients were treated with 30 kPa negative pressure of drainage. The amount of total drainage, total blood loss, and hemoglobin change were compared between these two groups.

RESULTSAll the patients got primary healing without infections. In high negative pressure drainage group,the change of hemoglobin was (41.74 ± 15.69) g/L, total blood loss was (1,217.73 ± 459.50) ml and the drainage volume was (312.94 ± 103.44) ml; while in low negative pressure drainage group,the results were (34.90 ± 12.90) g/L, (904.01 ± 381.58) ml and (129.25 ± 44.25) ml separately. All the results in high negative pressure drainage group were higher than those in the other group. Three days after operation, the change of hemoglobin was (46.00 ± 13.29) g/L and total blood loss was (1,304.72 ± 421.75) ml; while in low negative pressure drainage group, the changes of hemoglobin was (43.87 ± 11.39) g/L and total blood loss was (1,196.78 ± 344.20) ml; there were no statistically significant differences between two groups.

CONCLUSIONWhen placing drainage devices after total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of femoral neck fractures, the level of negative pressure should be chosen according to preoperative level of hemoglobin and HCT in patients. For old patients with femoral neck fracture, low negative pressure is more suitable.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mothod and therapeutic efficacy of total hip anthroplasties (THA) for osteoarthritis secondary to Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of hip in adults.

METHODSFrom May 2006 to December 2013, THA was performed on 15 adult patients (17 hips) with Growe type IV acetabular dysplasia, including 13 females and 2 males, with a mean age of 30.9 years old (22 to 58 years old) and an average preoperative Harris score of (34.0 ± 6.5) points. Traction of the affected limb was not performed before surgery. After extensive release and lengthening of soft tissues, sub-trochanteric osteotomy of the femur was performed, hip joint center was rebuilt and the abduction function was restored.

RESULTSThe patients were followed up with a mean period of 33 months (ranged from 6 months to 5 years). The postoperative Harris score was 85.0 ± 7.3,higher than the preoperative score. The extended length of limb ranged from 1.6 to 5.4 cm, with a mean of (3.42 ± 0.65) cm. The shortening and malformation of the affected limb were corrected in the most patients,with the difference in length of the two legs less than 1.5 cm. After surgery, 1 patient experienced partial sciatic nerve injury, which was largely recovered after 3 months of conservative treatment. One patient experienced complete sciatic nerve injury, which was partially recovered after 6 months of conservative treatment; a foot-drop varus deformity was formed in the distal end of the affected limb, which was improved after tendon transposition and transplantation. Joint pain was relieved, and the joint function was restored significantly. Over the follow-up period, no severe complications such as dislocation, infection, prosthesis loosening, or subsiding occurred.

CONCLUSIONSatisfactory efficacy can be achieved for adult Growe type IV acetabular dysplasia associated with osteoarthritis by THA, with proper soft tissue release and lengthening, sub-trochanteric osteotomy of femur, joint functional restoration, appropriate choice of prosthesis, and careful protection of nerves and vessels.

Adult ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Female ; Hip Dislocation, Congenital ; complications ; Humans ; Leg Length Inequality ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Hip ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate diagnosis and therapeutic effects of knee joint synovial chondromatosis with arthroscopic.

METHODSFrom March 1995 to July 2011, 28 patients with knee joint synovial chondromatosis were treated. Among them, 18 males and 10 females ranging age from 25 to 81 (mean 55.2) years,the course of disease ranged from 0.5 to 15 (mean 5.6) years. Clinical manifestation mainly included pain, swell and functional limitation of knee joint. Knee open surgery (17 cases) and laparoscopic surgery (10 cases) were respectively used. Clinical symptom,image data,pathological manifestation and effects under arthroscopy were observed, Lysholm scoring was used to evaluate effects.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up except one lost, the duration ranging from 6 to 24 months. Lysholm score in knee open surgery was increased from (41.89 +/- 6.81) preoperatively to (67.73 +/- 7.62) postoperatively;while in laparoscopic surgery it was increased from (40.78 +/- 7.54) preoperatively to (77.46 +/- 8.43) postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONArthroscopic surgery, which has no risk of rupture of incision, nonunion, earlier to exercise, is a good method to diagnosis and treat knee joint synovial chondromatosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chondromatosis, Synovial ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; surgery ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome