? AlM: To estimate the clinical significance of the microculture of humor and vitreous and vancomycin intraocular injection in treatment of suppurative endophthalmitis associated with intraocular foreign bodies.
?METHODS: Totally 65 patients with penetrating eye trauma and retained intraocular foreign bodies in emergency operation and intraocular injection from January 2012 to September 2014 were regarded as the study group, another 62 patients with penetrating eye trauma and retained intraocular foreign bodies in emergency operation without intraocular injection before August 2011 were regarded as the control group. Aqueous humor and vitreous humor were taken from each patient of the study group and the control group for bacteria and fungus cultivation. The study group was treated with 1mg vancomycin intraocular injection after operation, while the control group was not.
?RESULTS: The incidence of endophthalmitis in the control group was 16% ( 10 cases ) , while in the study group was 3% ( 2 cases ) , with significant difference between two groups (x2 =6. 32, P<0. 05). The aqueous humor germiculture in both groups was in low positive rates, the study group was 3% (2 cases) and the control group was 2% (1 case), with no difference between two groups (P>0. 05). The positive rate of vitreous humor germiculture in study group was 14% (9 cases), and the incidence of endophthalmitis was 3%. The positive rate of vitreous humor germiculture in control group was 11% (7 cases) and the incidence of endophthalmitis was 16%, with significant differences between two groups (P<0. 05).?CONCLUSlON: lntraocular foreign bodies treated with emergency operation and vancomycin intraocular injections can decrease the incidence of suppurative endophthalmitis and have a good vision prognosis for the second stage of operation.

Here in this paper introduced is an analysis system for X-ray cephalometry developed through Windows platform,which includes three parts: data input, cephalometry analysis & calculation, and display & printing of diagnostic results. It has been applied in orthodontic department of Stomatological Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, and it is quite convenient for doctors' cephalometry diagnosis.
Cephalometry ; instrumentation ; Computers ; Humans ; Medical Records Systems, Computerized ; instrumentation ; Orthodontics ; instrumentation ; methods ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; instrumentation ; Radiography ; instrumentation ; Software

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics and BRAF V600E mutation of brain tumors associated with epilepsy. Methods: Totally 250 patients with brain tumors associated with epilepsy were included from March 2008 to August 2017 retrospectively at Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University.The clinical manifestations, histological features and BRAF V600E mutation results were collected and analyzed. Results: There were 132 males and 118 females, and the male to female ratio was 1.1∶1.0. The age of patients ranged from 2 to 67 years(mean 22 years). The tumors had obvious local space occupying effect on MRI. The temporal lobe was the most common site (44.4%, 111/250). There were 58.4% (146/250) of ganglioglioma (GG), 24.0% (60/250) of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT), 12.8% (32/250) of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma(PXA), 4.0% (10/250) of angiocentric glioma (AG) and 0.8% (2/250) of papillary glioneuronal tumor (PGNT). Mixed GG, PXA and DNT morphological structures were found in 9 of patients. Among 250 cases, 35 cases were accompanied by focal cortical dysplasia(FCD). BRAF V600E was seen in 43 of 74 (58.1%) GG and 13 of 28 (46.4%) PXA. The most common pathologic grade of GG, DNT, AG and PGNT was WHO I. Some of the tumor cells from GG (34 cases) showed higher proliferative activity (WHO Ⅱ/Ⅲ). Most cases of PXA were WHOⅡand high proliferative activity was seen in nine cases. Conclusions The association of low-grade glioneuronal tumors with intractable epilepsy was well-recognized. The most common low-grade glioneuronal tumors were GG.GG may occur in any part of the central nervous system, with a predilection for temporal lobe. Each type of low-grade glioneuronal tumors has its own unique histological morphology, but some may show complex features with 2 or 3 mixed components. The occurrence of BRAF V600E mutations in GG is common, and their detection may be valuable for the diagnosis and treatment in GG.

BACKGROUND: Particulated juvenile cartilage allograft is simple and easy to obtain, and chondrocytes can migrate and proliferate as confirmed by in vitro culture.In the Unite States,this technique has been used in the repair of cartilage defects in the hip, knee, ankle, and elbow joints. OBJECTIVE: To review the present situation, application, and value of particulated juvenile cartilage allograft transplantation for articular cartilage repair. METHODS: A computer-based search of CNKI, PubMed, and Elsevier was performed for retrieving articles concerning particulated juvenile cartilage allograft transplantation for articular cartilage repair published from October 1983 to June 2017. The keywords were "allogeneic juvenile cartilage particles; cartilage tissue engineering; articular cartilage defects;repair" in Chinese and English, respectively. After initial screening of titles and abstracts and exclusion of irrelevant articles, 48 eligible articles were included in final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Although a variety of treatments for cartilage repair have achieved good clinical outcomes in short-term follow-up, improving the motor function of patients and relieving pain, patients eventually develop progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage and suffer from osteoarthritis. (2) Chondrocytes from allogeneic juvenile cartilage particles have stronger ability of proliferating and repairing cartilage defects in vitro than mature chondrocytes,and have low antigenicity,which cannot cause a strong rejection after in vivo transplantation.What's more, particulated juvenile cartilage allograft transplantation can be performed as one-stage surgery if cartilage defects are confirmed under arthroscopy. (3) Particulated juvenile cartilage allograft transplantation has achieved good outcomes in basic and clinical studies in the United States. Its potential superiority has gradually been accepted by doctors and patients. (4) There are also risks for being contaminated and spreading diseases during the preparation of particulated juvenile cartilage allograft. This technology has been widely used in the United States, but there are rare data concerning its follow-up studies. Therefore, an investigation on its long-term follow-up is indispensable for the objective assessment of its long-term efficacy, with a view to the extensive promotion of this technology in the clinical practice.

Autophagy is a conserved and programmed catabolic process that degrades damaged proteins and organelles. But the underlying mechanism and functions of autophagy in the ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced injury are unknown. In this study, we employed simulated IR of N2a cells as an in vitro model of IR injury to the neurons and monitored autophagic processes. It was found that the levels of Beclin-1 (a key molecule of autophay complex, Beclin-1/class III PI3K) and LC-3II (an autophagy marker) were remarkably increased with time during the process of ischemia and the process of reperfusion after 90 min of ischemia, while the protein kinases p70S6K and mTOR which are involved in autophagy regulation showed delayed inactivation after reperfusion. Administration of 3-methyladenine (3MA), an inhibitor of class III PI3K, abolished autophagy during reperfusion, while employment of rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTORC1 (normally inducing autophagy), surprisingly weakened the induction of autophagy during reperfusion. Analyses of mitochondria function by relative cell viability demonstrated that autophagy inhibition by 3-MA attenuated the decline of mitochondria function during reperfusion. Our data demonstrated that there were two distinct dynamic patterns of autophagy during IR-induced N2a injury, Beclin-1/class III PI3K complex-dependent and mTORC1-dependent. Inhibition of over-autophagy improved cell survival. These suggest that targeting autophagy therapy will be a novel strategy to control IR-induced neuronal damage.
Adenine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Autophagy ; Beclin-1 ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 ; Mice ; Mitochondria ; metabolism ; Multiprotein Complexes ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; Sirolimus ; pharmacology ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and outcomes of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) for patients with symptomatic enlarged prostate after 11 years of experience.

METHODSThe 3162 evaluable patients treated with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate at our institution between August 2001 and August 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Study variables included International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life, maximum urinary flow rate, and incidence of complications.

RESULTSHoLEP were performed successfully completed, not patients which occurs as electric cutting syndrome. The operation time was (60.8 ± 18.4) minutes; average resection of prostate quality was (45.4 ± 24.4) g. The hemoglobin reduce though surgery was (1.81 ± 0.93) g/L; percentage of red blood cell change was 1.24% ± 0.43%, and sodium blood drop was (1.14 ± 0.35) mmol/L. Postoperative patients of hospital stay (3.1 ± 1.1) days, average time of indwelling catheter time was (2.3 ± 0.8) days. Patients were followed up for 6-131 months time, an average of 32.4 months. Postoperative patients with international prostate symptom score progressive declined. The quality of life score was 2.2 ± 1.7, and it less than preoperative (5.7 ± 3.3, t = 2.447, P < 0.01). The time of follow-up droped further, and postoperative comparative differences have statistical significance (t = 2.179, 2.228, 2.306 and 2.365, P < 0.05). The maximum urinary flow rate also improved (P < 0.05). Postoperative complications included bladder neck contracture (4 cases), urinary tract infection (107 cases), urethral stricture (11 cases) and urinary incontinence (11 cases). The 11 patients reoperation.

CONCLUSIONSHoLEP treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia could achieve the advantages of open surgery the same effect. It had fewer damage, faster recovery, fewer complications, and is a good treatment option.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo explore the expression of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) and its type I receptors activin-like kinase 1 (ALK1) and ALK5 mRNA in the development of brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM).

METHODSThe mRNA expressions of TGFbeta1, ALK1and ALK5 were detected with semiquantitative RT-PCR in patients with BAVM.

RESULTSThe expressions of TGFbeta1 and ALK5 mRNA increased significantly in BAVM, and their relative expression quantity were 0.777-/+0.047 and 0.585-/+0.074, respectively. However, ALK1 mRNA expression declined significantlies with a relative expression of 0.173-/+0.044 in comparison with the control group (0.720-/+0.098, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe balance of TGFbeta1 and its type I receptors ALK1 and ALK5 mRNA expressions may play important role in the development of BAVM.

Activin Receptors, Type II ; genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of irinotecan (CPT-11) combined with cisplatin (DDP) in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSOf 36 NSCLC patients consisting of 23 males and 13 females with a medium age of 52 years included, there were 26 adenocarcinomas, 7 squamous cell carcinomas, 1 adeno-squamous cell carcinoma and 2 unclassified types; 13 stage III B and 23 stage IV; 24 chemonaive and 12 previously treated by chemotherapy with a medium Karnofsky status of 90. All patients had measurable or evaluable parameters. The regimen was administered as following: CPT-11 60 mg/m2, IV, D1, 8 and 15; DDP 80 mg/m2, IV, D1; every 28 days as a cycle.

RESULTSTotally, 97 cycles were carried out in these 36 patients with a medium cycles of 3. Of 35 evaluable patients, 22.9% (8/35) achieved partial response, 60.0% (21/35) had stable disease and 17.1% (6/35) progressive disease. The response rate was 29.2% (7/24) for chemonaive patients and 9.1% (1/11) for these previously treated. The 1-year survival rate was 45.4% with a medium time to tumor progression (TTP) of 199 days for the responders. The incidence rate of grade III/IV adverse events were: 16.7% for neutropenia, 13.9% alopecia, 5.6% diarrhea, 2.8% nausea and vomiting, respectively.

CONCLUSIONIrinotecan plus cisplatin is effective with tolerable adverse events in treating patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, but further investigation trials are needed.

Adult ; Aged ; Alopecia ; chemically induced ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Camptothecin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; mortality ; pathology ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Diarrhea ; chemically induced ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; mortality ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neutropenia ; chemically induced ; Remission Induction ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of prone positioning on respiratory function in very preterm infants undergoing mechanical ventilation.

METHODSA total of 83 very preterm infants treated with mechanical ventilation were enrolled in the study and were randomly assigned to supine group and prone group. Four infants withdrew from the study and 79 infants completed treatment and observation (37 in the supine group and 42 in the prone group). Infants in both groups were mechanically ventilated in a volume assist-control mode. Infants in the prone group were ventilated in the supine position for 4 hours and in the prone position for 2 hours. Ventilator parameters, arterial blood gas analysis, and vital signs were recorded before grouping, every 6 hours in the supine group, and every hour after conversion into the prone position in the prone group, respectively.

RESULTSFraction of inspired oxygen (FiO), peak inspiratory pressure, mean inspiratory pressure, and duration of ventilation were significantly lower in the prone group than in the supine group (P<0.05); there were no significant differences in tidal volume or positive end-expiratory pressure between the two groups (P>0.05). The prone group had a significantly higher PO/FiO ratio but significantly lower oxygenation index and respiratory rate than the supine group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in arterial oxygen tension, pH, base excess, heart rate, or mean blood pressure between the two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAlternating ventilation between the prone position and supine position can improve oxygenation function, decrease the fraction of inspired oxygen, and shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation in very preterm infants undergoing mechanical ventilation.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of daily low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUs) therapy on improving the enchondral bone formation in lumbar fusion in rabbit models, and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS: Posterolateral noninstrumented bilateral fusions were performed at the L5 approximately L6 levels in 20 New Zealand rabbits. The autograft iliac bone was implanted on the left side, and the hydroxyapatite bioceramic artificial bone on the right. The rabbits were divided into a treatment group and a control group randomly. One week after the surgery, LIUPs was administered for 20 minutes per day for 4 weeks over the fusion site in the treatment group and false treatment was used in the control group. Post-anterior X-ray photographs were taken to determine the conditions of fusion area, and then, rabbits were killed and the fusion tissues were obtained. Chondrocytes were detected by histological and cytological methods. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the fusion rate of the treatment group was significantly up-regulated (P<0.05). There was plenty bone trabecula in the fusion area in the treatment group, the number of chondrocytes was also higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and there was no statistical difference in the number of chondrocytes between the iliac and artificial bone tissues after the treatment(P>0.05). CONCLUSION Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy improves the endochondral bone formation in the lumbar spine fusion in rabbit models.
Animals ; Chondrocytes ; cytology ; Durapatite ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Ilium ; transplantation ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Osteogenesis ; radiation effects ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; methods