In part of the patients with blood disease or malignant tumors, especially those with leukemia and multiple myeloma, the disease state and unsuitable treatment often resulted in the inconsistence between positive and negative ABO blood group, displaying attenuation of the antigen or antibody of ABO blood group. This study was purposed to analyze the course of inconsistence between positive and negative ABO blood group and to perform the correct typing of erythrocytes and genes. The serology, absorption and elution test were used to examine the 12 tumor patient of the inconsistence between positive and negative typing. The 6th, 7th exon and 5-7th introns were amplified by PCR for questionable samples, and the gene sequencing of exon was performed. The results showed that 9 specimens were determined as 6 of A group, 2 of O group, 1 of B group, 3 cases were identified as O46, B108, and A102 group, respectively, by the serology, absorption and elution typing. The genotype of 2 cases among them was not identified because of the erroneous PCR amplified result or the contradicted sequencing results, failing to determine the ABO genotype. It is concluded that the serological method for blood grouping, genotyping, absorption and elution method can be used for the blood samples unable to typing because of the inconsistence between positive and negative typing of ABO group, therefore, guaranteeing the safety and effectiveness.
ABO Blood-Group System ; genetics ; immunology ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; methods ; Genotype ; Genotyping Techniques ; methods ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; immunology

Objective:To analyze the heritability of coronary heart disease (CHD) among the Chinese twin adults.Methods:A total of 20 477 same-sex twin pairs aged 25 years and older from the Chinese National Twin Registry were interviewed. Structure equation model was used to estimate the heritability of CHD.Results:After adjusting for age and gender, the overall heritability of CHD was 0.75(0.68-0.81). Stratified analyses showed that genetic factors play a more important role in CHD incidence in ≥40 years or female twins. While the development of CHD was mainly influenced by environmental factors in 25-39 years or male twins.Conclusion:CHD is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors and the heritability is high.

Objective:To explore the genetic and environmental effects on alcohol intake.Methods:Data on 9 231 pairs of adult twins of the same sex was collected from the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR), between 2015 and 2018 and used in this study. Structural equation model was used to estimate the effects of genetic and environmental factors on alcohol intake.Results:A total of 9 231 pairs of twins were included in the analysis, of which 6 085 pairs were monozygotic (MZ). The average age of MZ was (36.91±13.07) years old, and males accounted for 56.80 %. The average age of dizygotic twins (DZ) was (35.22±12.48) years old, and males accounted for 55.91 %. There were 350 pairs of alcohol-drinking twins were with high-risk, accounting for 1.90 % and another 367 pairs (1.99 %) were with medium-risk. Alcohol-drinkers with medium-risk were affected by additive genetics, common and unique environmental factors, seen among the twins. The overall heritability appeared as 24.3 % (95 %CI: 0 to 56.8 %). Furthermore, 50.7 % of the variation (95 %CI: 20.4 %-79.0 %) could be explained by the common environmental factors and 24.9 % (95 %CI: 18.3 %-36.5 %) by unique environmental factors. High-risk related drinking behavior was affected by both common and unique environmental factors. The common environmental component appeared as 75.6 % (95 %CI: 69.6 %-80.8 %) and unique environmental component as 24.4 % (95 %CI: 19.2 %-30.4 %), respectively. Gender difference was seen in the heritability of those with medium or high-risk drinking behaviors. The heritability of men was 30.8 % (95 %CI: 9.8 %-53.5 %), while in women it was mainly affected by the environment. Conclusion:Both alcohol drinkers with medium and high-risk drinking behaviors were mainly affected by the environment factors and gender. With the increase of drinking volume, the effect of environment on drinking behaviors became more obvious.

Objective:To describe the differences in body mass index (BMI) distribution in adult twins registered in Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR), and provide evidence for the risk factor analysis and prevention and control of overweight or obesity.Methods:A total of 32 725 twin pairs aged 18 years and above who completed the questionnaire survey during 2010-2018 and had complete registered information in CNTR and normal body weight and length were included in the analysis on the population and region specific distributions of BMI of twin pairs and the difference in BMI in twin pairs.Results:The twin pairs included in the analysis were aged (34.6±12.4) years, the twin pairs of same gender accounted for 79.7%. The average BMI was 22.5 kg/m 2. The overall prevalence of obesity and overweight was 4.9% and 23.7%, respectively. Participants who were men, 50-59 years old, married, had lower education level, and lived in northern China had higher overweight rate and obesity rate ( P<0.001). The difference in overweight or obesity prevalence between monozygotic (MZ) twin pars and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs was not significant, but firstborn twin pairs had slightly higher rates of overweight and obesity than later-born twin pairs ( P<0.05). The analysis in same gender-twin pairs indicated that the difference in BMI was associated with age (trend test: P<0.001), and the difference was more obvious in DZ twin pair in MZ pair and this difference increased with age. The concordant rate of BMI was higher in MZ twin pairs than DZ twin pairs ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The distribution of BMI of twin pairs varied with population and region and BMI varied with age due to its genetic nature.

Objective:To explore the modification effect of physical activity on the genetic effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:The univariate moderation model was fitted to calculate the modifying effect of physical activity on the genetic effects of T2DM based on the data of 12 107 pairs of same gender twins aged 30 years and older enrolled by the Chinese National Twin Registry in 11 provinces/cities in China.Results:After adjusting for age and gender, the heritability of T2DM was 0.56 (0.31-0.84). Qualified physical activity could attenuate the genetic effects of T2DM. The heritability of T2DM in twin pairs with qualified physical activity was 0.46 (0.06-0.88), which was lower than that in twin pairs without qualified physical activity during the same model [0.68(0.36-0.94)].Conclusion:T2DM is a moderate genetic disease, physical activity can modify the genetic effects of T2DM.

Objective:To explore the gene-body mass index (BMI) interaction on coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Chinese adult twins.Methods:A total of 20 340 same-sex twin pairs registered in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) were enrolled in this study. Classical twin structure equation model was used to estimate the gene-BMI interaction on CHD.Results:After adjusting for age, we found that genetic variance of CHD differed as the function of BMI in male twins, which indicated the presence of a gene-BMI interaction on CHD ( P=0.008).The genetic moderating effect ( βa) was -0.14 (95% CI: -0.22--0.04), indicating that for each logarithmic transformation value of BMI increase, genetic path parameters would decrease by 0.14, which would result in the decrease of genetic variance of CHD. And the heritability of CHD was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.65-0.86) among the male twins with lower BMI (<24.0 kg/m 2), but 0.56 (95% CI: 0.33-0.74) among the male twins with high BMI (≥24.0 kg/m 2). However, there was no evidence suggesting that BMI could moderate genetic variants of CHD in female. Conclusion:We found a significant gene-BMI interaction on CHD in the Chinese male adult twins in China, and the heritability of CHD was higher among the twins whose BMI was <24.0 kg/m 2.

Objective:To explore the prospective associations between physical activity and incident ischemic stroke in adults.Methods:Data of China Kadoorie Biobank study in Tongxiang of Zhejiang were used. After excluding participants with cancers, strokes, heart diseases and diabetes at baseline study, a total of 53 916 participants aged 30-79 years were included in the final analysis. The participants were divided into 5 groups according to the quintiles of their physical activity level. Cox proportional hazard regression models was used to calculate the hazard ratios ( HR) for the analysis on the association between baseline physical activity level and risk for ischemic stroke. Results:The total physical activity level in the participants was (30.63±15.25) metabolic equivalent (MET)-h/d, and it was higher in men [(31.04±15.48) MET-h/d] than that in women [(30.33±15.07) MET-h/d] ( P<0.001). In 595 526 person-years of the follow-up (average 11.4 years), a total of 1 138 men and 1 082 women were newly diagnosed with ischemic stroke. Compared to participants with the lowest physical activity level (<16.17 MET-h/d), after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, lifestyle, BMI, waist circumference, and SBP, the HRs for the risk for ischemic stroke in those with moderate low physical activity level (16.17-24.94 MET-h/d), moderate physical activity level (24.95-35.63 MET-h/d), moderate high physical activity level (35.64-43.86 MET-h/d) and the highest physical activity level (≥43.87 MET-h/d) were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.83-1.04), 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76-0.98), 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71-0.95) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.64-0.89), respectively. Conclusion:Improving physical activity level has an effect on reducing the risk for ischemic stroke.

Objective:To examine the heritability of body mass index (BMI) and coronary heart disease (CHD), and to explore whether genetic factors can explain their correlation.Methods:Participants were from 11 provinces/municipalities reqistered in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) from 2010 to 2018. Participants data were collected from face-to-face questionnaire survey. Bivariate structure equation model was used to estimate the heritability and the genetic correlation of BMI and CHD.Results:A total of 20 340 pairs of same-sex twins aged ≥25 years were included in this study. After adjusting for age and gender, the heritability of BMI and CHD was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.49-0.55) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.69-0.81), respectively. Further, a genetic correlation was identified between BMI and CHD ( rA=0.10, 95% CI:0.02-0.17). Conclusion:In Chinese adult twin population, BMI and CHD are affected by genetic factors, and their correlation can be attributed to the common genetic basis.

Objective:To examine the heritability of body mass index (BMI) and coronary heart disease (CHD), and to explore whether genetic factors can explain their correlation.Methods:Participants were from 11 provinces/municipalities reqistered in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) from 2010 to 2018. Participants data were collected from face-to-face questionnaire survey. Bivariate structure equation model was used to estimate the heritability and the genetic correlation of BMI and CHD.Results:A total of 20 340 pairs of same-sex twins aged ≥25 years were included in this study. After adjusting for age and gender, the heritability of BMI and CHD was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.49-0.55) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.69-0.81), respectively. Further, a genetic correlation was identified between BMI and CHD ( rA=0.10, 95% CI:0.02-0.17). Conclusion:In Chinese adult twin population, BMI and CHD are affected by genetic factors, and their correlation can be attributed to the common genetic basis.

Pathological scar is a kind of skin fibrotic disease caused by abnormal wound healing, including hypertrophic scar and keloid. Pathological scar may lead to aesthetic flaws, limb dysfunction and local discomfort in patients. Due to the complexity of the wound healing process, the formation of scar is affected by many factors. In addition to traditional surgical, laser, cryostatic and hormone injection methods for the treatment of pathological scar, there are new therapies, such as mesenchymal stem cell therapy, fat transplantation, interferon, and botulinum toxin. They are widely used in clinical practice, but with such problems as high prices and many side effect. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history in treating pathological scar. In recent years, in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that TCM has effect IN reducing inflammation, inhibiting fibroblast proliferation, regulating fibroblast activation and migration, inducing fibroblast apoptosis and autophagy, promoting the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and reducing angiogenesis in general. Besides, TCM has also a certain regulatory role in the signaling pathways, such as transforming growth factor-β₁ (TGF-β₁)/Smads, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) and sonic hedgehog (Shh). There are still some contradictions in relevant studies, and specific mechanisms remain to be further improved. This paper summarizes the study content, findings and relevant mechanisms of different TCM based on in vivo and in vitro experiments, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of TCM in the prevention and treatment of pathological scar, and its prospects in clinical application, so as to provide basis and ideas for future scar studies.