Objective To compare the influence of cryopreservation duration on quality of rozen-thawed embryo and clinical outcome in frozen-thawed transfer cycles. Methods A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and quality of rozen-thawed embryo of frozen embryo transfer(FET)cycles includ-ing freezing cycles and vitrification cycles. FET cycles were divided into 4 group acorrding to the storage duration of vitrified embryos:1~6 months group ,7~12 months group ,13~24 months group and ≥ 25 months group. Result There was no significant difference in recovery rate ,clinical pregnancy rate and abortion rate (98.1%, 99.0%,96.8%&95.7%;54.4%,55.4%,49.6%&51.5%;0.7%,8.9%,9.4%&11.1%;P>0.05). The embryos recovery rate and clinical pregnant rate after vitrification were significantly higher than programmed freezing (P<0.05). The blastocyst recovery rate in group A was significantly higher than the cleavage stage embryo recov ery rate in group B(P<0.05). Conclusions Vitrification has better effects on cryopreservation and clinical outcomes. Blastocyst may be the best stage for vitrifying and freezing of embryo.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of preferred use of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in the treatment of neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage.

METHODSThe clinical efficacy of preferred use of HFOV (preferred use group) and rescue use of HFOV after conventional mechanical ventilation proved ineffective (rescue use group) in the treatment of 26 cases of neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage was retrospectively analyzed. The oxygenation index (OI), pulmonary hemorrhage time, hospitalization time, ventilation time, oxygen therapy time, complications, and outcome of the two groups were compared.

RESULTSCompared with the rescue use group, the preferred use group had significantly lower IO values at 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment (P<0.05). Compared with the rescue use group, the preferred use group had a significantly lower incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) (P<0.05) and a significantly higher cure rate (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the incidences of pneumothorax, intracranial hemorrhage, and digestive tract hemorrhage between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with those in the rescue use group, children who survived in the preferred use group had significantly shorter pulmonary hemorrhage time, hospitalization time, ventilation time, and oxygen therapy time (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCompared with the rescue use of HFOV, preferred use of HFOV can better improve oxygenation function, reduce the incidence of VAP, shorten the course of disease, and increase cure rate while not increasing the incidence of adverse effects.

Female ; Hemorrhage ; therapy ; High-Frequency Ventilation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung Diseases ; therapy ; Male ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated ; prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUNDLiver transplantation is the most effective treatment for patients with end-stage liver failure, however infection after transplantation is a serious clinical complication. The purpose of this research was to investigate the molecular epidemiology and the influence of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive infection in patients, following liver transplantation, to provide reference for clinical treatment and prevention of Gram-positive bacterial infection.

METHODSWe isolated and detected bacteria from phlegm, throat swabs, urine, wound or wound secretions, blood, and fecal samples from 221 liver transplant patients in our hospital from January 2007 to April 2010. All isolated bacterial strains were identified and tested by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) drug-sensitive detection using the BioMerieux ATB bacterial identification instrument and repetitive extragenic palindromic-polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR) detection of bacterial homology. Risk factors were calculated by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSWe collected 250 specimens from 221 patients hospitalized following liver transplantation surgery, of which 29 patients developed multiple infections. Sixty-five Gram-positive bacterial strains were isolated from different specimens from 53 infectious patients. We detected 29 multidrug-resistant Gram-positive strains from 29 patients (44.62%), including 20 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains (68.97%) and nine Enterococcus strains (31.03%). All 20 S. aureus strains were highly resistant to aminoglycosides (gentamicin), cephalosporins (cefoxitin), quinolones (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin), lincomycins (clindamycin), penicillin, and erythromycin. The resistance rate reached 100% in some cases. The S. aureus strains were highly sensitive to vancomycin and oxazolidinone (linezolid), with MIC50 < 2 µg/ml for both. The nine Enterococci strains were also highly resistant to aminoglycosides, quinolones, and penicillins, and highly sensitive to vancomycin (MIC50 < 2 µg/ml) and oxazolidinone (MIC50 < 1 µg/ml). Using REP-PCR detection, S. aureus was divided into five genotypes with 14 B-type strains. Enterococcus was divided into 11 genotypes, with two D-type strains, two G-type strains, and two K-type strains. The risk factors for Gram-positive bacterial infection in patients following liver transplantation were preoperative use of antibiotics (OR = 3.949, P = 0.004), high intra-operative blood input (OR = 1.071, P = 0.005), and postoperative renal failure (OR = 5.427, P = 0.043).

CONCLUSIONSS. aureus and Enterococcus were the main pathogens causing infection following liver transplantation in patients with drug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infection. The isolated strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics. B-type S. aureus strains were predominant. Reasonable use of antibiotics, decreasing intra-operative blood input, and preventing post-operative renal failure may reduce Gram-positive bacterial infections and the appearance of drug-resistant strains following liver transplantation.

Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; genetics ; Female ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; drug effects ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections ; epidemiology ; etiology ; microbiology ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of 17-β estradiol (E(2)) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) W83 on the expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLC).

METHODSPrimary cultures of hPDLC were established and the cells of passage four were treated with 10(-10) mol/L E(2), 10(-7) mol/L E(2) or PgW83 individually or E(2) combined with PgW83. The expression levels of IL-6 and IL-8 protein at 12 h and 24 h were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the levels of mRNA at 24 h were detected with real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTSThe expression level of IL-6 reached (2482.88 ± 26.53) ng/L in hPDLC treated with Pg at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100 for 24 h, which was significantly higher than that in hPDLC treated with Pg at MOI of 10:1 [(734.09 ± 87.90) ng/L, P = 0.000], the controls [(425.8 ± 77.25) ng/L, P = 0.000] and that in hPDLC treated with Pg at MOI of 100 for 12 h [(1157.50 ± 234.65) ng/L, P = 0.000]. The expression level of IL-8 reached (4965.81 ± 1072.55) ng/L in hPDLC treated with Pg at MOI of 100 for 24 h, which was significantly higher than that in hPDLC treated with Pg at MOI of 10 [(803.51 ± 162.08) ng/L, P = 0.007], the controls [(400.75 ± 2.27) ng/L, P = 0.005] and that in hPDLC treated with Pg at MOI of 100 for 12 h [(1431.12 ± 82.78) ng/L, P = 0.001]. E(2) did not show remarkable effect on the expressions of IL-6 and IL-8. E(2) combined with Pg (MOI = 100:1) significantly promoted the expression levels of IL-6 at 24 h while did not influence those of IL-8. The relative mRNA level of IL-6 in hPDLC treated with 10(-10) mol/L E(2) or 10(-7) mol/L E(2) combined with Pg were 0.49 ± 0.15 (P = 0.021)and 0.53 ± 0.16 (P = 0.036) individually, which were significantly higher than that treated with Pg alone, 0.19 ± 0.06. The protein level of IL-6 in hPDLC treated with 10(-10) mol/L E(2) or 10(-7) mol/L E(2) combined with Pg were (5512.66 ± 1022.07) ng/L (P = 0.012) and (6988.78 ± 2279.13) ng/L (P = 0.000) individually, which were significantly higher than that treated with Pg alone, (3138.46 ± 183.72) ng/L.

CONCLUSIONSPgW83 significantly increased the expression levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in hPDLC in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Without the infection of periodontal pathogens, estrogen may exert no effect on the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 while it may promote the expression of IL-6 in hPDLC when combined with Pg, which may in turn promote the process of periodontal inflammation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cells, Cultured ; Estradiol ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Interleukin-8 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Periodontal Ligament ; cytology ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDAntimicrobial peptides, including cathelicidin LL-37, human beta defensin (HBD)-2, and HBD-3, are important elements of the innate immune response and involved in modulation of the adaptive immunity, and they also play an important role in cutaneous defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

METHODSThe fresh skin tissues and paraffin-embedded biopsy samples from three cutaneous tuberculosis, two tuberculids, and ten healthy individuals were collected. The expressions of LL-37, HBD-2, and HBD-3 mRNA in the lesions of three cutaneous tuberculosis and two tuberculids were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; the protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting methods.

RESULTSThe expressions of LL-37 mRNA and protein in the lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis and tuberculids were similar to that of normal skin. The expression of HBD-2 mRNA had an increasing trend in the lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis and tuberculids compared with that of normal skin; however, the expression of HBD-2 protein in the lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis had a decreasing trend compared with that of normal skin, and the expression of HBD-2 protein in the lesions of tuberculids was similar to that of normal skin. The expressions of HBD-3 mRNA and protein in lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis and tuberculids were similar to that of normal skin.

CONCLUSIONSOur study indicated that the expression of HBD-2 and HBD-3 mRNA and protein in lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis may be not consistent with that of tuberculids. However, an inherent limitation of the present study was that the sample size was small, and the roles and regulation mechanisms of LL-37, HBD-2, and HBD-3 in cutaneous tuberculosis and tuberculids need to be further investigated.

Adult ; Aged ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous ; metabolism ; beta-Defensins ; genetics

Objective To investigate the dietary pattern in college freshmen students and to analyze the influencing factors on their dietary patterns. Methods A questionnaire survey on situation of dietary pattern and influencing factors was conducted among 1319 freshmen students.Results Four major dietary patterns were noticed and they were: Ⅰ , high consumption in hamburger,fried food, nuts, biscuit, chocolate, cola, coffee, sugars, Ⅱ, high consumption in pork, mutton, beef,poultry meat, animal liver, Ⅲ, high consumption in fresh fruits, eggs, fish and shrimps, kelp laver and sea fish, milk and dairy products, beans and bean products, Ⅳ, high consumption in rice and grain,fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, pork. Risk factors on dietary pattern were presented as follows: ( 1 )boys: having the food pattern Ⅰ and Ⅱ showed a strong positive association with the place where they live (OR= 1.67, 95％CI: 0.87-3.19; OR= 1.51,95％CI: 0.79-2.88), eating place (OR=1.63,95％CI: 1.O3-2.59; OR= 1.83, 95％CI: 1.04-3.23), level of mother' s education (OR=2.52,95％CI: 1.07-5.95; OR=3.38, 95％CI: 1.50-7.63), family income (OR=2.24, 95％CI: 1.30-3.88;OR=3.06, 95％ CI: 1.77-5.29) and the status of passive smoking (OR= 1.80, 95％CI: 0.70-4.59;OR=1.83, 95％CI: 0.75-4.45). Inverse correlations was found on the level of mother's education (OR=0.56,95％CI: 0.17-1.79). The food pattern Ⅳ showed a strong positive association with place of eating(OR= 1.83,95％CI: 1.04-3.23) but having an inverse correlation with the level of mother's education (OR=0.56, 95％CI: 0.17-1.79). (2)girls when compared with boys, the food pattern Ⅰ showed minor association with the places of living and eating; while the food pattern Ⅱ and Ⅲ had minor association with the status of passive smoking. Conclusion Socio-demographic factors and lifestyle had influenced on the dietary patterns among college freshmen students who should be guided to have a reasonable, balanced diet in the college.

Objective Through a two-year follow up program,this study was to analyze the urinary iodine frequency of a cohort in the intervention trial,concerning different doses of salt iodization,so as to explore the selection of appropriate concentration of salt iodization.Methods A multistage cluster sampling method was used to select three townships in two countries for community intervention with different doses [ ( 15 ± 5 ) mg/kg,(25 ± 5 ) mg/kg,( 35 ± 5 ) mg/kg ] of salt iodization.Results After intervention,the median of urinary iodine was reduced among the population.The urinary iodine frequencies of (15 ± 5) mg/kg and (25 ± 5) mg/kg among groups of children were mainly concentrated in 100-200 &mu;g/L and 200-300 &mu;g/L paragraphs in A county.While the 300 &mu;g/Lparagraph had an overall decline in B county,the 100 &mu;tg/L and 200 &mu;g/L paragraph ratio increased but the trend seemed to be slow.The 100-300 &mu;g/L paragraph of the four treatment groups took a larger proportion and kept smooth in a more ideal state.However,the control group still maintained at above 250 &mu;g/L level.Conclusion The iodine supplementation should be gradually implemented in Chongqing.The doses of salt iodization should be reduced from the current (35 ± 15)mg/kg to (25 ± 5) mg/kg in the economically developed areas.At the same time,we need to continuously follow the changes of the condition.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of CT fluoroscopic guidance percutaneous acetic acid injection(PAI)tumor ablation and TACE for the malignant liver tumor.Methods PAI had been performed after TACE on 78 patients with malignant tumor(hepatocellular carcinoma 70,metastatic adenocarcinoma 8)since May 2005 to June 2007 in Southwest Hospital.All procedures were performed under CT fluoroscopic guidance.According to the different size of lesions,50%-60% acetic acid 2-10ml was injected into the lesions.PAI was repeated once or twice in some lesions based on the imaging.Results The needle could reach targets under CT real time fluoroscopy in all patients.No complication occurred,but with only moderate pain in 42 cases.The size of tumors shrank in 32 cases,remained unchanged 38 cases,and increased in 8 cases.The efficiency was 90%.All 78 patients were followed up for 3 months with all survival and 48 patients for 1 year with 40 survival.Conclusions CT fluoroscopic guidance PAI tumor ablation combined with TACE in the treatment of malignant liver tumor is safe and effective.(J Intervent Radiol,2007, 16:831-833)

AIMTo study the triterpenoid saponins in the whole plant of Lysimachia davurica Ledeb.

METHODSColumn chromatography (including AB-8 macroporous resin, silica gel and ODS) was used to separate triterpenoid saponins whose structures were elucidated by ESI-MS, NMR (1D and 2D) and hydrolysis methods.

RESULTSTwo new triterpenoid saponins were isolated and established as 3beta, 16alpha, 28-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-3-0-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl)-28-0-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (I), 3beta, 16alpha, 28-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl)-28-0-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (II).

CONCLUSIONCompounds I and II are new compounds and named as davuricosides D and J.

Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Primulaceae ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

AIMTo study the triterpenoid saponins in the whole plants of Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl..

METHODSColumn chromatography (including AB-8 macroporous resin, silica gel and ODS) was used to separate triterpenoid saponins whose structures were elucidated by ESI-MS, NMR (1D and 2D) and hydrolysis methods.

RESULTSTwo new triterpenoid saponins were isolated and established as 3beta, 22alpha-dihydroxy-16alpha-angeloyloxy-28-->13-lactone-oleanane-3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinpyranosyl]-22-O-(6-acetyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (I), 3beta, 13beta, 22alpha-trihydroxy-16alpha-acetyloxyoleanane-28-oic acid Na-3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinpyranosyl]-22-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (II).

CONCLUSIONCompounds I and II are new compounds and named as capilliposide I and capilliposide J.

Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Primulaceae ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification