ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between life meaning and life satisfaction among university students.MethodsTotally 473 university students were investigated with The Purpose In Life Test and Life Satisfaction Scale.Results ( 1 ) The scores of life satisfaction and positive affection in highcr levels of life meaning were significantly higher than those in the lower levels of life meaning( (4.53 ± 1.04)vs(3.38 ± 0.98 ),(2.89 ±0.88)vs(2.04 ± 1.07) ) among the university students(F=27.806,P＜0.01 ; F=13.635,P＜ 0.01 ),however the higher levels of life meaning were significantly lower than the lower levels of life meaning ( ( 1.09 ± 1.12 ) vs ( 2.45 ± 1.41 ) ) in negative affection (F =21.513,P ＜ 0.01 ).( 2 ) The students' life satisfaction was negatively correlated with escape( r=-0.336,P＜0.01 ).The others factors of life meaning were positively correlated with life satisfaction ( r =0.285 ～ 0.380,P ＜ 0.01 ).The negative affection was negatively correlated with life meaning( r =-0.121 ～ -0.335,P ＜ 0.05 ).(3)The escape had significantly negative prediction on life satisfaction and positive affection ( β =-0.133 ～ -0.179,P ＜ 0.05 ).The life of goals and the life of passion had significantly positive prediction on life satisfaction and positive affection ( β =0.170 ～ 0.206,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Life meaning of the university students is closely related to life satisfaction,the higher levels of life meaning can upgrade individual life satisfaction.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of subclavian venous catheter-related infections in patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS) and provide a basis for prevention and control of the infection. Methods A retrospective study was conducted. 357 patients with THS and indwelling of subclavian vein catheter admitted in the Department of Emergency of Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Provincial Luzhou Medical College were enrolled, and according to the infection state, they were divided into infection group (56 cases) and non-infection group (301 cases). The patients' data of gender, age, history of underlying disease, catheter position, catheter indwelling time, time staying in hospital, situation of antimicrobial drug used, application of tracheotomy or not, white blood cell count (WBC) levels, etc were collected for univariate analysis. The resulting indexes with statistical significance were applied for carrying out the multivariate logistic regression analysis, and then the independent risk factors involved in the development of subclavian venous catheter-related infections in the shock patients could be screened out.Results In 357 patients with THS, 56 were infected (15.7%). Univariate analysis showed: age ≥ 60 years (χ2 = 19.839,P < 0.001), with diabetes mellitus in past history (χ2 = 6.252,P = 0.012), catheter indwelling time ≥ 7 days (χ2 = 19.261,P < 0.001), time staying in hospital ≥ 7 days (χ2 = 4.315,P = 0.038), time for use of antimicrobial drug≥ 7 days (χ2 = 16.161,P < 0.001), tracheotomy (χ2 = 40.969,P < 0.001), WBC < 4×109/L (χ2 = 39.451,P < 0.001) and the disease severity grade 4 - 5 (χ2 = 8.345,P = 0.004) were the risk factors of subclavian venous catheter-related infections in patients with THS. Multivariate analysis showed: catheter indwelling time ≥ 7 day [odds ratio (OR) = 16.713, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 3.651 - 76.624), tracheotomy (OR = 6.861, 95%CI 2.377 - 18.246), WBC < 4×109/L (OR = 4.903, 95%CI 1.887 - 12.643) were the independent risk factors of subclavian venous catheter-related infections in THS patients.Conclusion The strict implementation of aseptic catheterization, shortening the time of catheter indwelling as much as possible and the rational use of antibiotics can effectively reduce and prevent the incidence of venous catheter-related infection in THS patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of in utero exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) on the apoptosis of testicular cells in the pubertal male rat offspring.

METHODSTen pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into a control and an experimental group to be treated intragastrically with olive oil (1 ml per day) and DBP (500 mg per kg of body weight per day) respectively between gestation days 12 and 19. At the pubertal age (postnatal day 45, PND 45), the testes of the male rat offspring were removed for observation of the cell structure under the transmission electron microscope and the development of different spermatogenetic cells by HE staining. The apoptosis of testicular cells was detected by the TUNEL method, the expressions of the apoptosis-regulating proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bax and p53 were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, and the data obtained were compared between the two groups by t-test.

RESULTSTransmission electron microscopy revealed increased apoptosis and vacuolization of testicular cells in the PND-45 rat offspring, HE staining showed markedly decreased numbers of different spermatogenetic cells, TUNEL manifested significantly increased apoptosis of testicular cells in the experimental group as compared with the control (12.00 ± 5. 22 vs 3.17 ± 1.47, P < 0.01), and immunohistochemistry and Western blot exhibited remarkably higher expressions of Bax and p53 in the former than in the latter group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn utero exposure to DBP can increase the apoptosis of germ cells and Sertoli cells, induce the vacuolization of testicular cells, and significantly elevate the expressions of the apoptosis-promoting proteins Bax and p53 in the pubertal male rat offspring.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Body Weight ; Dibutyl Phthalate ; adverse effects ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sertoli Cells ; cytology ; pathology ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis ; cytology ; pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL)in the treatment of lower caliceal calculi.Methods We retrospectively re- viewed the clinical outcomes and complications of 33 patients who underwent MPCNL for lower caliceal cal- culi from March 2001 to April 2005.The average diameter of the calculi was 2.8 cm.Single tract nephrosto- my was performed in all 33 cases;among them renal access was obtained through a middle calyx in 10 cases and a lower calyx in 23.Nine cases had F14 renal access;and 24 cases,F16.Results Of 33 cases,28 (85%)achieved stone-free at 1 session.A second-look was needed in 3 cases due to intraoperative bleed- ing;ESWL,in 1 case with residual,calculi;no treatment,in 1 case with residual calculi＜4 ram.The mean operative time was 93 min;mean blood loss was 113 ml;mean hospital stay was 11 d.Blood transfusion was needed in 1 patient who suffered from hepatic cirrhosis preoperatively;another experienced severe bleeding 7 d after operation and was cured with hyperselective spongia gelatinosa embolization of the renal artery.Fol- low-up was available in 19 cases for 2-48 months,and no recurrence of renal calculi was noted.Conclu- sions Minimally invasive percutaneous nepbrolithotomy has advantages of safety,less invasion,and easy re- covery for the treatment of lower caliceal calculi.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the symptoms and lower airway inflammatory factors of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), and to observe the effect of nasal irrigation in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. METHOD: Sixty-one cases diagnosed as AR after skin prick test (SPT)were selected and randomly divided into three groups: 17 patients in group A used nasal steroid spray; 21 cases in group B used nasal irrigation; 23 patients in group C combined ir rigation with nasal steroid. Before and after 3 months treatment, nasal visual analogue scale (VAS) score, rhino conjunctivtis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) score, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) values were observed and compared in each group. RESULT: Before treatment, there is no statistically difference between three groups (P > 0.05). After 3 months of treatment, VAS, RQLQ, FENO of all patients was significantly decreased (P < 0.05); VAS, RQLQ score was not significantly different among the three groups (P > 0.05), FENO value has no statistically significant difference between group A and group B (P > 0.05), but were less than that in group C (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Nasal irrigation can ameliorate nasal symptoms, improve quality of life, decrease lower airway inflammation of allergic rhinitis patients. Nasal irrigation is an effective treatment of allergic rhinitis. Nasal irrigation combined with nasal steroid can achieve more significant efficacy.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Lavage ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Background and purpose:Head and neck cancer is common worldwide. This article aimed to describe the patterns of incidence of head and neck cancer and their changes in Shanghai from 2003 to 2012, in order to provide reference for prevention programs, research and control strategies on cancer.Methods:The data of lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer cases were collected by the Shanghai Cancer Registry. The distributions of Shanghai lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer incidences from 2003 to 2012 were described. The patterns were described according to gender, age, basis of diagnosis, histological type, diagnostic stage in detail. We compared incidences of recent 5 years (from 2008 to 2012) with those of previous 5 years (from 2003 to 2007).Results:On average from 2003 to 2012, 1105 new cases of head and neck cancer were diagnosed in Shanghai each year, with 2.08% among the total cancer cases. The crude rate was 8.01 per 100000 and the age-standardized rate was 4.45 per 100000. Nasopharyngeal cancer was the major subtype of the head and neck cancer, with 50.81% among the total head and neck cases. The crude and age-standardized rates among males were higher than those among females. The histologically verified percentage was 85.77%. The squamous carcinoma was the major histological type, with 57.58% among the total cases. The age-stan-dardized rate of nasopharyngeal cancer was in decline.Conclusion:The incidence of head and neck cancer was low in Shanghai during the past 10 years. Male cases were more than female cases. The major histological type was squamous carcinoma. Half of new cases were nasopharyngeal cancer which appeared to affect patients at a relatively young age. Patients with nasopharyngeal cancer were diagnosed at relatively advanced stages.

Objective - - To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of multi site work related musculoskeletal disorders （ ） Methods WMSDs in surgeons. A total of 102 surgeons from four hospitals were selected as study subjects by convenient sampling method. The Chinese version of Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of ， Results WMSDs in the past one year the related individuals and occupational factors. The total prevalence of WMSDs among （ ）， （ ） （ ） surgeons was 54.9%. The top three sites were neck 48.0% lower back 35.3% and shoulder 32.4% . The prevalence of （ vs ，P ） WMSDs in multiple sites was higher than that in a single site 43.1% 11.8% <0.01 . Multivariate logistic regression ， ， analysis showed that surgeons who smoked were tired at work and had a bent back had a higher risk of developing WMSDs ［ （ - ）， （ - ）， （ - ）， P ］ odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 3.66 1.41 9.46 8.33 2.15 32.20 and 18.74 2.14 166.77 all <0.01 Conclusion - after excluding the influence of confounding factors. The prevalence rate of multi site WMSDs among surgeons is ， high and the influencing factors include bad living habits and occupational factors such as working load and working posture.

Aortopulmonary Septal Defect ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

OBJECTIVETo understand the incidence trend of malignant tumors in children aged <15 years in Shanghai.

METHODSThe <15 years old children diagnosed with cancer in Shanghai between 2009 and 2011 were included in this study. The types of malignant tumors were classified according to International Classification of Childhood Cancer, Version 3 (ICCC-3). The gender and age specific incidences of malignant tumors were analyzed. Software Joinpoint was used to calculate the annual percentage of childhood cancer cases.

RESULTSA total of 460 cases of childhood cancer were diagnosed in Shanghai during 2009-2011, accounting for 0.3% of total cancer cases. The crude incidence was 129.0 per million and the age standardized rate (ASR) was 129.6 per million. The ASR was higher in boys (142.1 per million) than in girls (116.4 per million). The boy to girl ratio was 1.2(95%CI: 1.0-1.5). The incidence was highest in age group <5 years (165.1 per million). The incidences in age groups 5-9 years and 10-14 years were 101.2 per million and 113.9 per million, respectively. Leukemia was the most common cancer in children (n=165, 35.9%, ASR: 47.0 per million), followed by central nervous system tumors (n=91, 19.8%, ASR: 25.6 per million) and lymphomas (n=45, 9.8%, ASR: 12.6 per million). The age and gender specific incidence of malignant tumors and the type specific incidence of malignant tumors in children in Shanghai had no significant changes during the study period.

CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of malignant tumors was higher in boys than in girls in Shanghai. Leukemia, central nervous system tumors and lymphomas were the three most common cancers in children. The overall incidence of malignant tumors in children in Shanghai had no significant changes during 2002-2011.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo study the efficacy of treatment in 40 patients with primary tracheal carcinoma.

METHODSFrom 1970 to 2001, 40 patients with primary tracheal carcinoma treated in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-eight were male and 12 were female with median age of 47 years. The median interval from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 10 months (1 - 60 months). Fifteen patients had adenoid cystic carcinoma, 14 squamous cell carcinoma, 8 adenocarcinoma, 2 small-cell carcinoma and 1 mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Thirty-two patients received operation plus adjuvant radiotherapy, 6 received radiotherapy alone and 2 received operation alone.

RESULTSThe median survival time for all patients was 40 months. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival rate was 86%, 59% and 29%, respectively. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year local control rate was 84%, 60% and 50%, respectively. Distant metastasis rate in 1, 5, and 10 years was 17%, 51% and 84%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSurgical resection plus adjuvant radiotherapy is a reasonable mode of treatment. Despite late local recurrence after initial treatment, its intrinsic feature, excellent long-term palliation can be achieved after treatment.

Adult ; Aged ; Cobalt Radioisotopes ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Particle Accelerators ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Survival Rate ; Tracheal Neoplasms ; mortality ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Tracheotomy ; methods