Objective To study the effect of Konjac polysaccharide (KP) on motilin (MOT) and somatostatin (SS) of gastrointestinal tissue in mice. Methods The mice were divided into four groups randomly. Normal control group (NC) was given normal feed. High, middle, low dose KP treated groups (KPH,KPM,KPL)were given KP 0.8, 0.4, 0.2g per 100g normal feed. The level of motilin and somatostatin of gastrointestinal. tissue was determined simultaneously by radioimmunassay, and blood glucose was determined by blood glucose analyzer after 20 d. Body weight, adipose tissue and wet weight of stool were also examined. Results The level of motilin of stools of KPH group was 8.26?0.53ng/g ,which increased compared with NC group.Somatostatin was 207.32?21.89 ng/g ,which decreased compared with NC group. The differences between two groups were significant (P

BACKGROUND:Corneal stromal fibroblasts have been shown to express interleukin-8 in the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide. Different reactions of fibroblasts to lipoprotein or other inflammatory mediators may constitute different characteristics of different tissues in the inflammatory response. OBJECTIVE:To observe the inhibitory effect of IKK-2 receptor blocker TPCA-1 on human corneal stromal fibroblasts to secrete inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and cel adhesion molecules under the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide and its signal transduction pathway, to compare with dexamethasone, and to explore alternative or synergistic effects after their combination. METHODS:This study measured the secretion of interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 from cultured human corneal stromal fibroblasts under the action of basic state and lipopolysaccharide, and their changes after the intervention with IKK-2 receptor blocker TPCA-1 and dexamethasone. We also detected expression level of intercelular adhesion molecule-1 and interleukin-6 in cel surface, and verified the changes in expression levels of intercelular adhesion molecule-1, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 from mRNA level, as wel as examined the expression of nuclear factor kappa B under above conditions.

Objective To know the primary effect of nutrition intervention in farmers. Methods The questionnaires were used to do baseline and evaluation survey. The intervention ways were used in trial group, including holding lectures, posting posters, sending out healthy material, quizzes with prizes, recommending salts low in sodium to each family, training to make healthy food by the chef; but there were no measures in control group. Results There were statistical significance in healthy awareness of nutrition, exercises and chronic diseases between two groups after intervention; However, the average intake amounts of vegetables did not reach the recommendation of diet guidelines; After intervention, the intake frequency of vegetables and fruits had statistical significance between before and after intervention in trial group, and also had statistical significance in two groups. Conclusion The awareness of healthy knowledge and attitudes has been obvious improvement, but the diets and life styles of farmers have no obvious change. The diet structure and behavior of farmers have been increasingly rational but not enough. The farmers have started to increase the intake times of vegetables and fruits and built up the conception of eating more vegetables and fruits.

Objective:To explore the effect of fortified human milk feeding on growth and complica-tions of infants with extremely and very low birth weight (ELBW/VLBW)during hospital stay by a pro-spective,random and controlled study.Methods:In the study,1 22 ELBW/VLBW infants were enrolled and divided into two groups.The infants fed with human breast milk,combined with human milk fortifi-cation (HMF)during hospital stay were named HMF group (n=62),and those fed exclusively with pre-mature formula were named premature formula feeding group (PF group,n=60 ).The data of the in-fants’growth (the velocity of increase on the weight,length,head circumference and upper arm circum-ference),the time of rebounding to birth weight,the time of needing intravenous nutrition,the time of hospitalizing,the proportion of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR)during hospital stay,the level of hemoglobin,bone metabolism and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results:Among the 1 22 infants included,(1 )the length increment in HMF group was higher than PF group [(0.89 ±0.23)cm/week vs.(0.79 ±0.34)cm/week,P=0.04];there were no significant differences in the weight gain,head circumference increment and upper arm circumference increment (P>0.05);(2)the age of rebounding to birth weight [(1 0.1 3 ±4.03)d vs.(8.03 ±3.28)d,P=0.002]and the duration of intravenous nutrition [(1 6.77 ±6.63)d vs.(1 4.23 ±4.1 5)d,P=0.01 ] in HMF group were longer than that in PF group,there were no significant differences between the two groups in the hospital stay and age achieved feeding;(3 )there were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence rate of EUGR during hospital stay (P>0.05);(4)the level of calcium at birth in HMF group was lower than that in PF group [(2.1 9 ±0.22)mmol/L vs.(2.32 ±0.27) mmol/L,P=0.005 ],and the level of alkaline phosphatase (AKP)in HMF group at discharge was higher than in PF group [(363.98 ±1 22.49)mmol/L vs.(299.73 ±1 1 7.39)mmol/L,P=0.004];(5)the incidence of the feeding intolerance (6.5% vs.1 8.3%,P=0.04)and sepsis (4.8% vs. 1 6.7%,P=0.03)in HMF group were less than in PF group,there were no significant differences be-tween the two groups on the morbidity of necrotizing enterocditis,retinopathy of prematurity (ROP),and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)(P>0.05).Conclusion:HMF for premature infants may ensure the same growth pattern as those fed by premature formula,promote the calcium absorption,decrease the inci-dence of sepsis and feeding intolerance,and does not increase the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis.

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have a unique role in immune regulation and focus to T-cells.In the mixed lymphocyte reactions,MSCs inhibit T-cells proliferation by cycle arrest,but they do not increase T-cell apoptosis and the suppress T-cell activation.In addition,MSCs can reduce CD8~+T cells and Thl cells,and simultaneously increase Th2 cells in the reaction system to suppress the inflammatory response,which may play a therapeutic effect on the T-cells mediated autoimmune diseases.

Objective To evaluate the effect of human milk fortification on short‐term growth of premature infants in NICU and its clinical safety .Methods According to different formulas ,the premature infants were divided into preterm formula group ,human milk group and human milk fortification group (HMF group) .Its growth rate ,blood biochemistry ,adverse event rate and so on were compared .Results There were 147 cases meeting requirements .the weight growth velocity of preterm formula group ,human milk group and HMF group were (19 .44 ± 5 .14) ,(14 .53 ± 5 .86) ,(17 .09 ± 5 .81) g · kg -1 · d-1 respectively with statistical sig‐nificance (P<0 .01);the growth velocity of head circumference of preterm formula group (0 .72 ± 0 .34)cm/w and HMF group (0 .71 ± 0 .29) cm/w were significantly higher than that of human milk group (0 .51 ± 0 .34)cm/w (P<0 .01);the time of regaining or overtopping birth weight of preterm formula group (8 .55 ± 3 .20)d and HMF group (9 .43 ± 4 .53)d was significantly shorter than that of human milk group (10 .93 ± 3 .02)d(P<0 .01);the EUGR occurrence rate of head circumference of preterm formula group and HMF group were significantly lower than that of human milk group(P<0 .01) .The feeding intolerance rate of preterm formula group (15 .52% ) was significantly higher than that of human milk group (2 .13% ) (P<0 .05);there were no significant difference in incidence rate of infection event in each group(P>0 .05) .Conclusion Human milk fortification can control the inci‐dence rate of infection event and feeding intolerance to increase growth velocity of weight and head circumference of premature in‐fants during hospital stay .

Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; CD5 Antigens ; metabolism ; Colonic Neoplasms ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Ileal Diseases ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Ileocecal Valve ; Intestinal Neoplasms ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Intestinal Polyps ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Intussusception ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear transcriptional factors closely related to glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity. Activation of PPARs targets treated type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension and other metabolic diseases by insulin resistance. Recently, a variety of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been proved to activate PPARs targets for improving insulin resistance, which has attracted widespread attention at home and abroad. In this paper, we reviewed the pathological mechanisms between insulin resistance and PPARs, and summarized the active ingredients of TCMs improved insulin resistance based on PPARs targets. This paper may provide some theoretical guidance for the development of new drugs and TCMs.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Metabolic Diseases ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism

Background Voriconazole is the traditionally used antifungal agent,but its ophthalmic form is unsatisfactory.A novel ophthalmic drug delivery system with biomedical devices may be of promising for the prognosis of fungal keratitis.Objective This study was to investigate the sustained release,therapeutic effect and biocompatibility of effect and quaternized chitosan functionalized with carboxylated graphene and nano-silver and voriconazole (CS-ETA/Ag/GO/Vor) for fungal keratitis.Methods This study complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals of State Science and Technology Commission.Two hundred and ten SPF female C57BL/6 mice were selected with the age 6-8 weeks for the biocompatibility experiment (30 mice) and therapeutic observation of CS-ETA/Ag/GO/Vor (180 mice).CS-ETA/Ag/GO and CS-ETA/Ag/GO/Vor were attached on the normal corneas of mice and compared with the normal mice to assess the histopathological changes.Aspergillus fumigatus-infected mouse models were established in the left eyes of 180 mice by intrastromally injection of 2.0 μl Aspergillus fumigatus suspension with the density of 5 × 107 CFU/ml,then the mice were randomized into the model control group,CS-ETA/Ag/GO group and CS-ETA/Ag/GO/Vor group,and the corresponding membrane were attached the central corneas in different groups.In 1 day,3,5,7 days after modeling,the corneas were examined under the slit lamp microscope and scored,and corneal sections were prepared for the histopathological examination.Fungal activity was confirmed by plate counts,and real-time PCR was employed to assay the relative expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA in the corneas.Results No morphological abnormality was seen in the corneas in the normal control group,CS-ETA/Ag/GO group and CSETA/Ag/GO/Vor group.Corneal inflammatory score was significantly lower in the CS-ETA/Ag/GO/Vor group in various time points,with a significant differences among the groups and time points (Fgroup =237.29,P=0.00;Ftime =260.33,P=0.00).The edema,necrosis or perforation of cornea were seen in the model control group,and slighter inflammatory response in the CS-ETA/Ag/GO group,and corneal edema was gradually disappear in the CS-ETA/Ag/GO/Vor group.The corneal fungal loads were highest in the model control group and lowest in the CS-ETA/Ag/GO/V or group,with significant differences among the three groups and various time points (Fgroup =113.15,P =0.00;Ftime =126.52,P=0.00).The relative expressions of IL-1β mRNA and TNF-α mRNA in the corneas peaked in the fifth day after modeling in all of the three groups,and the expression levels of IL-1β mRNA and TNF-α mRNA in the corneas were lowest in the CS-ETA/Ag/GO/Vor group,showing significant differences among the groups and time points (IL-1β:Fgroup =189.90,P =0.00;Ftime =108.56,P =0.00;TNF-α:Fgroup =82.55,P =0.00;Ftime =44.36,P =0.00).Conclusions CS-ETA/Ag/GO/Vor delivery system plays an anti-fungal activity in fungal keratitis by the synergistic effect of voriconazole and Ag+.In addition,CS-ETA/Ag/GO/Vor appears to have a good safety after topical application.

TLR4-MD-2 complex plays a key role in LPS recognition and its signal transduction. These steps are the vital elements of the host's defensive reaction. Studying the functional domain of TLR4 and MD-2 is very important to further understand the mechanism of LPS signal transduction. It was studied the interaction domain of TLR4 and MD-2 in living cells based on gene mutation, gene transfection and fluorescence resonance energy tramsfer(FRET) which is considered as one of the best methods used for intracellular protein-protein interaction study. CY-15P which was fused by CFP and YFP through 15 neutral amino acids was used as positive control, while co-expressed CFP and YFP proteins were used as negative control. The results showed that the ability of TLR4 binding to MD-2 decreased dramatically after the deletion of Glu~(24) ～ Met~(41) in N terminal of TLR4. Aggregation of TLR4 to LPS stimulation was observed, however, TLR4 without the Glu~(24)～ Met~(41) mutation did not aggregate. All these results indicated that TLR4 Glu~(24)～ Met~(41) might be the interaction domain of TLR4 binding to MD-2 and participate in the aggregation effect of TLR4 upon LPS stimulation.