Purpose:To investigate the relationship between HELICOBACTER PYLORI (Hp) and gastric carcinoma, as well as the possible carcinogenic mechanism by Hp. Methods: DNEL technique and immunohistochemical staining were used in the research to study the state of apoptosis, proliferation and p53 gene expression. Total 100 gastric mucosal biopsy specimens, including normal mucosa, Hp negative and Hp positive gastric precancerous lesions as well as gastric carcinomas were studied. Results:There were several apoptotic cells in the superficial epithelium and a few proliferative cells within neck of gastric glands, and no p53 protein expression in normal mucosa. In gastric carcinoma, apoptotic cells accounted for 1.62%, while proliferative cells 4.99%, and P53 protein significantly increased. in metaplasia, the apoptotic index (AI), proliferative index (PI) and positivity of p53 expression in Hp positive group were higher than those in normal mucosa ( P

Neovascular glaucoma ( NVG ) is a kind of intractable eye disease with complex etiology, strong destruction and poor effect on treatment. Extensive retinal ischemia and hypoxia is the main etiology, and the key of treatment is early diagnosis, active prevention and taking effective measures to prevent the production of vascular endothelial growth factor. According to the related literature over recent years, the authors will discuss pros and cons for medical, surgical and combined treatment in this review.

The cultivation of clinical skills is essential for graduate education in modern ophthalmology. In order to improve the quality of graduate education and cultivate qualified ophthalmologist, postgraduates should be trained of specific purpose, coordinate the relationship between project research and clinical work, a complete clinical training system and quality control system should be established and the construction of the tutor team should also be strengthened.

Objective To observe the changes of arm equilibrium pressure (Parm) in different occlusion time,the reference range of Parm in hemodynamic stable patients,and to explore the relationship between Parm and systemic hemodynamic parameters.Methods Mechanically ventilated postoperative abdominal surgery patients who admitted to ICU with stable hemodynamic status were enrolled.After hemodynamic data were recorded,arm stop-flow maneuvers were performed to measure Parm.At 10,20,30,40,50,60 seconds after occlusion,arterial pressure were measured twice within 5 minutes and recorded as the average value.Results Thirty patients were included.The Parm decreased gradually with the prolongation of the occlusion time.The value was not stable within 60 s,but the reducing extent was not obvious after 40s.The 95％ reference range of Parm 30 S was 23-44 mmHg(1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) and Parm 60 S was 19--35 mmHg.Parm at 30 s and 60 s were positively correlated with systolic arterial pressure,diastolic arterial pressure,mean arterial pressure,central venous pressure (all P ＜ 0.001),but not heart rate and pulse pressure.Linear regression analysis showed that Parm at 10 s,20 s,30 s only had linear correlation with diastolic arterial pressure (10 s,β =0.504,P =0.001;20 s,β =0.297,P =0.005;30 s,β =0.231,P =0.015),and Parm at 40 s,50 s,60 s were linear correlation with diastolic arterial pressure (40 s,β =0.220,P =0.004;50 s,β =0.210,P =0.004;60 s,β =0.213,P =0.004) and central venous pressure (40 s,β =0.516,P =0.018;50 s,β =0.513,P =0.01;60 s,β =0.472,P =0.023).Conclusion In mechanically ventilated postoperative abdominal surgery patients with stable hemodynamic status,Parm decreases when occlusion time is prolonged,which is not stable within 60 s occlusion.Arterial blood pressure and central venous pressure are positively correlated with Parm.

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the current situation and master degree on medical statistics among the medical correlation personnel, in order to provide useful information for transformation of education towards the medical correlation personnel . Methods Using cluster random sampling method to select 358 the medical correlation personnel who were recruited from health institutions in Chongqing to respond to the questionnaires. Questionnaire including respondent basic information, statis-tical knowledge and statistical knowledge needs. The data of the survey were analyzed by chi-square test, descriptive statistics analysis. Results 94.7% of the surveyed used statistical knowledge in the process of work or study. The main concentration of medical statistical knowledge utilization rate, the proportion of receive professional education or training courses of medical statistics and the willingness to participate in specialized training of medical statistics is 20-30 age group, No Title group, Master and over group andStudents group. As for ten categories of common statistical methods, thirty percent of people can use them skillfully, but the majority of the more advanced statistical analysis methods cannot be used or have never heard of. The greatest demand for learning ten kinds of common statistical methods is calculating cor-rectly through statistical software. Conclusion The vast majority of medical personnel need to use medical statistics in the actual work and study, but they have a lower mastery of statistical methods. Therefore, we should strengthen the medical statistics teaching and training for medical personnel.

Objective To explore relationship between different HBV genotypes and peripheral blood HBV specific and nonspecific CTL of patients with cirrhotic hepatitis B and its significance. Methods HBV genotypes were tested in 91 patients with cirrhotic hepatitis B, differences of HBV specific and nonspecific CTL between patients infected with genotype B and C were compared and its significance was explored. Results In 91 cases of cirrhotic hepatitis B, 55 cases (60.44% ) belong to genotype C, 35 cases (38. 46% ) belong to genotype B, 1 case (1. 1% ) belongs to mixture genotype B and C. In genotype C,27 cases (49.09% ) had positive (HLA)-A2, HBV specific CTL was 0. 18% ±0.03%. In genotype B, 18 cases (51.43% ) had positive HLA-A2, HBV specific CTL was 0. 38% ± 0.04% , higher than that in genotype C,t =5. 01, P <0. 01. Nonspecific CTL: genotype C (11. 87% ± 1. 50% ) ; genotype B( 11. 90%± 1. 51% ), t =0. 14, P ＜0. 05. HBV DNA level; genotype C (6. 01 ± 0. 81) log10 copy/ml, higher than that in genotype B (5.01 ± 0.54) log10 copy/ml, t =5.01, P ＜0.01. ALT; genotype C (251. 13 ± 131. 11) U/L, higher than that in genotype B (121. 25 ± 63. 21) U/L, t =3. 61, P <0. 01. TBil (45. 61± 15.11) μmol/L, higher than that in genotype B (28.11 ±6.25) μmol/L, t = 3.05, P ＜ 0.01. Conclusion Compared with patients infected with genotype B of cirrhotic hepatitis B, HBV specific CTL of patients infected with genotype C was lower, resulting in higher level of HBV DNA and more severe damage of liver function.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL)in the treatment of lower caliceal calculi.Methods We retrospectively re- viewed the clinical outcomes and complications of 33 patients who underwent MPCNL for lower caliceal cal- culi from March 2001 to April 2005.The average diameter of the calculi was 2.8 cm.Single tract nephrosto- my was performed in all 33 cases;among them renal access was obtained through a middle calyx in 10 cases and a lower calyx in 23.Nine cases had F14 renal access;and 24 cases,F16.Results Of 33 cases,28 (85%)achieved stone-free at 1 session.A second-look was needed in 3 cases due to intraoperative bleed- ing;ESWL,in 1 case with residual,calculi;no treatment,in 1 case with residual calculi＜4 ram.The mean operative time was 93 min;mean blood loss was 113 ml;mean hospital stay was 11 d.Blood transfusion was needed in 1 patient who suffered from hepatic cirrhosis preoperatively;another experienced severe bleeding 7 d after operation and was cured with hyperselective spongia gelatinosa embolization of the renal artery.Fol- low-up was available in 19 cases for 2-48 months,and no recurrence of renal calculi was noted.Conclu- sions Minimally invasive percutaneous nepbrolithotomy has advantages of safety,less invasion,and easy re- covery for the treatment of lower caliceal calculi.

Boronic acids and their derivatives have been widely used in carbohydrate-sensitive materials because they can selectively bind 1,2-and 1,3-diol compounds, including sugars, to form cyclic boronate esters. In this work, pheylboronic acid ( PBA) moieties were grafted onto the backbone of poly( acrylic acid) ( PAA) through the condensation reaction between aminopheyl-boronic acid and carboxylic acid group of PAA in the presence of EDC/NHS, designed as PAA-PBA. Then the resulting PAA-PBA were assembled with poly ( ethyleneimine) ( PEI) to form PAA-PBA multilayer films. The sensing performance of the PEI/PAA-PBA film to carbohydrate (> 50 μg/mL ) , including glucose, fructose, mannose and galactose, has been investigated by combination of the complementary techniques of quartz crystal microbalance ( QCM ) and atomic force microscopy ( AFM) . It was demonstrated that the multilayer showed higher sensitivity to fructose than glucose, mannose and galactose. The interferences of ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine to the recognition of glucose can be avoided and the multilayer sensor with excellent long term stability can be recycled by changing pH value of buffer solutions. This system may be potential in realization of high selectivity and high sensitivity sensing system for probing carbohydrate.

Objective To explore relationship between excursion of blood glucose levels and cognitive performance in diabetic patients over aged 60 years.Methods A total of 108 diabetic patients over aged 60 years were recruited in this study and they wore under continuous blood glucose monitoring system (CGMS) for three days to evaluate excursion of their mean blood glucose (MBG) level and its standard deviation (SD).All the participants accepted cognitive function tests during continuous blood glucose monitoring, including mini mental status examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA) and clock drawing test (CDT).Relationship of the SD of blood glucose level and cognitive performance in the three cognitive tests was assessed.Data were analyzed with CGMS software version 3.0.Results The SD reversely correlated with scores of MMSE (r = - 0.324, P ＜ 0.01 ) and CDT ( r =-0.325, P = 0.001 ), but they did not significantly correlate with MOCA scores (r = -0.212, P =0.081 ).Statistically significant difference was observed between the SD and scores of all three cognitive tests adjusted for glycosylated hemoglobin Alc (HbAlc) level (r = -0.387, -0.046 and -0.292, P =0.029, ＜0.001 and ＜ 0.001, respectively).The SD reversely correlated with scores of MMSE, MOCA and CDT adjusted for MBG (r= -0.314, -0.466 and -0.345, P ＜0.01, respectively).Results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the SD reversely correlated to scores of MMSE, MOCA and CDT (β = - 0.378, - 0.224 and - 0.346, all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Excursion of blood glucose levels can influence their cognitive performance in diabetic patients over aged 60 years, leading to decrease in their overall cognitive function and activities as its excursion large enough.

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect and relevant mechanism of shuxuening Injection (SI) in treating patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC).

METHODSTotally 91 patients with active UC were randomly assigned to 2 groups, 44 in the control group and 47 in the treatment group. Patients in the control group received routine treatment, while patients in the treatment group additionally received intravenous injection of SI (15 mL), twice daily for 14 days in total. Colonoscopy was performed before and after treatment. The therapeutic effect was assessed by Mayo scoring system and the grading of activities evaluated by Baron endoscope. Serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA. The activity of SOD was detected by xanthine oxidase method. The content of MDA was detected by thiobarbituricacid (TBA). Besides, 20 healthy subjects were recruited as the healthy control group.

RESULTSTotally 82 patients completed the study (40 in the control group and 42 in the treatment group). There was no statistical difference in serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, SOD, MDA, the Mayo score and endoscope grading between the two groups before treatment (P >0. 05). Compared with the healthy control group, serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MDA significantly increased (P <0.01), and the serum SOD level decreased (P < 0. 05) in the treatment grup and the control group before treatment. Compared with before treatment in the same group, serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, the Mayo score and endoscope grading all decreased in the treatment group and the control group after treatment (P <0. 01, P <0. 05). Compared with the control group after treatment, serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, the Mayo score and endoscope grading all decreased (P <0.01, P <0.05), the serum SOD level increased (P <0.05) in the treatment group after treatment. The serum SOD level was obviously negative correlated with serum levels of IL-6, TNF-a, Mayo score, and endoscope score (r = -0. 621, -0.638, -0. 509, -0.787, P <0.01). The serum MDA level was obviously positive correlated with serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, Mayo score, and endoscope score (r =0.711, 0. 882, 0. 525, 0. 639, P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONSI could improve inflammatory injury and clinical symptoms of patients with active UC, and its mechanism might be associated with antioxidant and scavenging oxygen free radicals.

Colitis, Ulcerative ; blood ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood